FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 402/2 - Library - Network of ...

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M.7 Marteilioidosis(Marteilioides chungmuensis,M. branchialis)Comps, M., M.S. Park, and I. Desportes. 1987.Fine structure of Marteilioides chungmuensisn.g. n.sp., parasite of the oocytes of theoyster Crassostrea gigas. Aquac. 67(1-2):264-265.Hine, P.M. and T. Thorne. 2000. A survey ofsome parasites and diseases of severalspecies of bivalve mollusc in northernWestern Australia. Dis. Aquat. Org. 40(1): 67-8.146
M.8 IRIDOVIROSIS(OYSTER VELAR VIRUS DISEASE)M.8.1Background InformationM.8.3.2 ConfirmatoryM.8.1.1 Causative AgentsOyster Velar Virus Disease (OVVD) (Iridovirosis)is caused by an icosahedral DNA virus with morphologicalsimilarities to the Iridoviridae.M.8.1.2 Host RangeCrassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) larvae are thedocumented host species, although similar viralagents have been associated with gill disease(“Maladie des Branchies”) and haemocyte infectionsin Portugese oysters (Crassostrea angulata)and C. gigas.M.8.1.3 Geographic DistributionInfections have been reported solely from twohatcheries in Washington State, but are believedto have a ubiquitious distribution throughout juvenileC. gigas production, with clinical manifestationonly under sub-optimal growing conditions.M.8.2 Clinical AspectsOVVD causes sloughing of the velar epitheliumof larvae >150µm in length, and can cause upto 100% mortality under hatchery conditions.The larvae can not feed, weaken and die.M.8.3 Screening MethodsM.8.3.1 PresumptiveGenerally-speaking, since this is an opportunisticinfection, only clinical infections will demonstratedetectable infections – as described underM.8.4.M.8.3.1.1 Wet Mounts (Level I)Wet mounts of veliger larvae which demonstratesloughing of ciliated epithelial surfaces can beconsidered to be suspect for OVVD. As withgross observations, other opportunistic pathogens(bacteria and Herpes-like viruses) may beinvolved, so Level II/III diagnostics are required.M.8.3.1.2 Histopathology (Level II)Using the techniques described under M.8.4.2.1,detection the features described in that sectioncan be considered to be presumptively positivefor OVVD. Such inclusions require TEM (LevelIII) (M.8.4.2.2) for confirmatory diagnosis, at leastfor first time observations.M.8.3.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy(Level III)As described under M.8.4.2.2.M.8.4 Diagnostic MethodsM.8.4.1 PresumptiveM.8.4.1.1 Gross Observations (Level I)Slowed growth, cessation of feeding and swimmingin larval Crassostrea gigas should be consideredsuspect for OVVD. Gross signs are notpathogen specific and require Level II examination(M.8.4.2), at least for first time observations.M.8.4.1.2 Wet Mounts (Level I)As described under M.8.3.1.1. For first-time diagnosesa back up tissue specimen fixed for TEMis recommended (M.8.4.2.2).M.8.4.1.3 Histopathology (Level II)As described under M.8.4.2.1.M.8.4.1.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy(Level III)As described under M.8.4.2.2.M.8.4.2 ConfirmatoryM.8.4.2.1 Histopathology (Level II)Where larvae have a history of OVVD, detectionof inclusions and ciliated epithelial pathology, asdescribed below, can be considered confirmatoryfor the disease. However, it should be notedthat other microbial infections can induce similarhistopathology and electron microscopy is theideal confirmatory technique (M.8.4.2.2).Larvae must be concentrated by centrifugationor filtration into a pellet prior to embedding. Thisis best achieved post-fixation in Davidson’s,1G4F or other fixative. Although paraffin embeddingis possible, resin embedding is recommendedfor optimal sectioning. Paraffin permitssectioning down to 3 µm using standard microtome.Resin embedded tissue can be sectioneddown to 1 µm thick, but requiresspecialised microtomes and/or block holdersand specialised staining.147
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ISSNO0428-9345Asia Diagnostic Guide
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The designations employed and the p
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PREFACEThe Food and Agriculture Org
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FOREWORDMovement of live aquatic an
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSVery special thanks
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TABLE OF CONTENTSVIRAL DISEASES OF
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TABLE OF CONTENTSC.5 Baculoviral Mi
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GLOSSARYAtrophyAutolysis(-lytic)Avi
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GLOSSARYobjects that may have been
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GLOSSARYGapingGram's StainGranuloma
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GLOSSARYniques, as in the use of im
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GLOSSARYMoultingMucousMucusMultiple
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GLOSSARYPlasma membranetrilaminar m
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GLOSSARYSecondarySepticaemiaSerolog
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GLOSSARYVirusone of a group of minu
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ABBREVIATIONSOTCOMVOVVDPCRPBSPKDPLP
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SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMESSprattus
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SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMESPerkinsu
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INTRODUCTIONthe language of individ
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INTRODUCTIONRecord-keepingGross Obs
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INTRODUCTIONLevel I (farm/productio
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INTRODUCTIONI.7 ReferencesAlday de
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Basic Anatomy of a Typical Bony Fis
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F.1 GENERAL TECHNIQUESGeneral fish
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F.1 General TechniquesF.1.1.2.3 Bod
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F.1 General TechniquesF.1.3.2 Backg
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F.1 General Techniquesone individua
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F.1 General TechniquesClose, B., K.
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F.2 Epizootic HaematopoieticNecrosi
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F.3 INFECTIOUS HAEMATOPOIETICNECROS
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F.3 Infectious HaematopoieticNecros
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F.4 Oncorhynchus Masou Virus (OMV)F
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F.5 INFECTIOUS PANCREATICNECROSIS (
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F.5 Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis(
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F.6 VIRAL ENCEPHALOPATHY ANDRETINOP
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F.6 Viral Encephalopathy andRetinop
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F.7 SPRING VIRAEMIA OF CARP(SVC)F.7
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F.7 Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC)vi
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F.8 Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia(
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F.9 LYMPHOCYSTISF.9.1 Background In
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F.9 LymphocystisF.9.4.2.2 Transmiss
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BACTERIAL DISEASE OF FINFISHF.10 BA
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F.10 Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD)
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FUNGUS ASSOCIATED DISEASEF.11 EPIZO
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F.11 Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome(
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F.11 Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome(
Page 96 and 97: Annex F.AI. OIE Reference Laborator
Page 98 and 99: ANNEX F.AII. LIST OF REGIONAL RESOU
Page 100 and 101: Annex F.AII.List of Regional Resour
Page 106 and 107: F.AIII. List of Useful Guides/Manua
Page 108 and 109: Basic Anatomy of an Oysterdigestive
Page 110 and 111: M.1 GENERAL TECHNIQUES(SE McGladder
Page 112 and 113: M.1 General Techniques(MG Bondad-Re
Page 114 and 115: M.1 General Techniquessick mollusc
Page 116 and 117: M.1 General Techniqueslow tolerance
Page 118 and 119: M.1 General Techniques0.06 gm sodiu
Page 120 and 121: M.1 General TechniquesLuna, L.G. 19
Page 122 and 123: M.2 Bonamiosis(Bonamia sp., B. ostr
Page 124 and 125: M.2 Bonamiosis(Bonamia sp., B. ostr
Page 126 and 127: M.3 Marteiliosis(Marteilia refringe
Page 128 and 129: M.3 Marteiliosis(Marteilia refringe
Page 130 and 131: M.4 MIKROCYTOSIS(Mikrocytos mackini
Page 132 and 133: M.4 Mikrocytosis(Mikrocytos mackini
Page 134 and 135: M.5 Perkinsosis(Perkinsus marinus,
Page 136 and 137: M.5 Perkinsosis(Perkinsus marinus,
Page 138 and 139: M.6 HAPLOSPORIDIOSIS(HAPLOSPORIDIUM
Page 140 and 141: M.6 Haplosporidiosis(Haplosporidium
Page 142 and 143: M.6 Haplosporidiosis(Haplosporidium
Page 144 and 145: M.7 MARTEILIOIDOSIS(MARTEILIOIDES C
Page 148 and 149: M.8 Iridovirosis(Oyster Velar Virus
Page 150 and 151: Annex M.AII. List of Regional Resou
Page 152 and 153: Annex M.AIII. List of Useful Diagno
Page 154 and 155: Internal and External Anatomy ofa P
Page 156 and 157: Section 4 - Crustacean DiseasesC.AI
Page 158 and 159: C.1 General TechniquesC.1.1.1.3 Fee
Page 160 and 161: C.1 General Techniquescolour. This
Page 162 and 163: C.1 General Techniquesrequirements
Page 164 and 165: C.1 General TechniquesC.1.3.6 Prese
Page 166 and 167: C.1 General TechniquesAs with C.1.4
Page 168 and 169: C.2 Yellowhead Disease (YHD)(TW Fle
Page 170 and 171: C.2 Yellowhead Disease (YHD)intense
Page 172 and 173: C.2 Yellowhead Disease (YHD)Wang, C
Page 174 and 175: C.3 Infectious Hypodermal AndHaemat
Page 176 and 177: C.3 Infectious Hypodermal AndHaemat
Page 178 and 179: C.4 WHITE SPOT DISEASE (WSD) 3C.4.1
Page 180 and 181: C.4 White Spot Disease (WSD)C.4.3.2
Page 182 and 183: C.4 White Spot Disease (WSD)to avoi
Page 184 and 185: C.4a Bacterial White SpotSyndrome (
Page 186 and 187: C.5 BACULOVIRAL MIDGUT GLANDNECROSI
Page 188 and 189: C.5 Baculoviral Midgut GlandNecrosi
Page 190 and 191: C.6 Gill-Associated Virus (GAV)C.6.
Page 192 and 193: C.7 SPAWNER-ISOLATEDMORTALITY VIRUS
Page 194 and 195: C.8 TAURA SYNDROME (TS) 5C.8.1 Back
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C.8 Taura Syndrome (TS)(C.8.4.1.1).
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C.8 Taura Syndrome (TS)C.8.4.2Confi
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C.8 Taura Syndrome (TS)Soc. 30(2):1
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C.9 Nuclear PolyhedrosisBaculoviros
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C.10 Necrotising Hepatopancreatitis
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C.10 Necrotising Hepatopancreatitis
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C.11 Crayfish Plague• growth with
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C.11 Crayfish PlagueLilley, J.H., L
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ANNEX C.AII. LIST OF REGIONAL RESOU
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Annex C.AII. List of Regional Resou
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Annex C.AIII.List of Useful Diagnos
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List of National CoordinatorsHong K
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List of National CoordinatorsSingap
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Members of the Regional WorkingGrou
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Members of the TechnicalSupport Ser
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LIST OF FIGURESSECTION 2 - FINFISH
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List Of FiguresSECTION 3 MOLLUSCAN
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List Of FiguresFig.M.6.1.3c. Haemoc
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List Of FiguresFig. C.5.4.2.1b, c.
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The Asia Diagnostic Guide to Aquati
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