MBA Thesis Daniella Griffith - Kranenberg.pdf - FHR Lim A Po ...

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For Supportive Culture the same procedure was followed and the highest possible reliabilitywhen one item was deleted was .65. This Cronbach’s Alpha was not changed because theimprovement was minimal.Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS)Measurement of job satisfaction was done with the Job satisfaction Survey of Paul Spector(1994). Questions regarding the five main job satisfaction factors (Sempane et al 2002;Kerego & Mthupha, 1997; Hutcheson, 1996; Robbins, 1993), pay, promotion, coworker’snature of the work, supervision were chosen to test the job satisfaction level within thecompanies. The pretest respondents also stated that these five factors mainly determined jobsatisfaction, the other factors seemed far less important to them in the determination of jobsatisfaction.The instrument was thus downsized from 36 items to 20 items representing the five factors.Some of the items included in the questionnaire were: “I feel I am paid a fair amount for thework I do”, “I like the people I work with. These were items regarding pay and coworkers.The JSS has a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 indicating a “strongly disagree” rating of the statementand the other end of the scale 5 indicating a “strongly agree” rating for the statement. Thealphas were as followed:Table 3-3Cronbach’s Alpha from job satisfactionJob Satisfaction Alpha’s of the JSS Alpha’s this researchJob Satisfaction 0.91 0.80Source: Generated by the researcherOrganizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ)Employee commitment was measured by the 15-item Organizational CommitmentQuestionnaire (Mowday, Steers, and <strong>Po</strong>rter, 1979), which has been used with a wide varietyof job categories (Mowday et al., 1979).The two subscales, value commitment and commitment to stay, appear to differentiatebetween the respondents' commitment to support the goals of the organization and theircommitment to retain their organizational membership.The OCQ has a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 indicating a “strongly disagree” rating of the statementand the other end of the scale 5 indicating a “strongly agree” rating for the statement. TheCronbach’s Alpha’s in the research using the original questionnaire and this study were:26
Table 3-4Cronbach’s Alpha from Organizational commitmentOrganizational Commitment Alpha’s of the OCQ Alpha’s this researchOrganizational Commitment 0.90 0.75Source: Generated by the researcherAlso important in the design of a questionnaire is the response set-up for measurement. Thereare four different levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio (NOIR).In the demographic part of this research the nominal scale was used and in the other 4 partsthe interval scale was used.3.4.4 Data processingAfter the questionnaires were collected, they were checked for completeness. Questionnaireswhich were blank or extensively incomplete were barred from processing. From theremaining questionnaires incomplete questions were incorporated as errors and coded with“99” during processing.A total amount of 207 questionnaires were distributed and 197 (95.2%) were returned. Of the197 returned questionnaires 7 were barred and 190 (91.8 %) were processed. The barredquestionnaires were example where more than 50% of the items were not answered or had 2answers to one question.3.5 Research population and SampleWith the purpose of testing the research hypotheses ten (10) companies which qualified asSMEs in Paramaribo, were randomly selected and approached. Eight (8) of these companieswere willing to participate in the research. Due to lack of accurate statistics about the numberof SMEs in Suriname or within a particular sector, company data and other requiredinformation, the researcher chose to select the companies randomly. The company ownerswere first approached and in the first meeting the research was explained and someinformation was collected about the company. This information was needed to determine ifthe company was an SME.The participating companies consisted of construction and production companies, electricalcompanies, a pest control company, a printing company and a hardware store. SMEs havecertain characteristics which makes it possible for researchers to put different organizationtypes together when doing research.27
Page 1 and 2: FHR Lim A Po Institute for Social S
Page 3 and 4: “Unless Commitment is made,there
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study w
Page 7 and 8: 2.7.2 Job satisfaction and Organiza
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1-1Structure
Page 11 and 12: 1 INTRODUCTION1.1 GeneralIn this ch
Page 13 and 14: Different studies showed leadership
Page 15 and 16: As mentioned earlier SME’s form t
Page 17 and 18: 1.8 Outline of the Thesis structure
Page 19 and 20: followers. The leaders influence an
Page 21 and 22: 2. Transformational leadership anti
Page 23 and 24: 2.4 Job satisfactionJob satisfactio
Page 25 and 26: 2.6.1 General definition of SMEsThe
Page 27 and 28: Job satisfaction is affected by the
Page 29 and 30: 2.7.3 Organizational commitment and
Page 31 and 32: 3 METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionThe li
Page 33 and 34: large amounts of data. In a self-ad
Page 35: Organizational Culture Index (OCI)T
Page 39 and 40: 4 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS4.1 Introduc
Page 41 and 42: Looking at the education level of t
Page 43 and 44: 4.3 Descriptive statisticsThe main
Page 45 and 46: Table 4-2 Correlation Matrix1 Trans
Page 47 and 48: Step 3 Leadership variables, Cultur
Page 49 and 50: 4.5.2 Regression analysis Leadershi
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-8Model Summary Leadership s
Page 53 and 54: ResearchQuestion 4ResearchQuestion
Page 55 and 56: 4.7 SummaryDifferent analyses were
Page 57 and 58: Bureaucratic culture has a direct p
Page 59 and 60: satisfaction also has the largest e
Page 61 and 62: 5.4 RecommendationsBased on the res
Page 63 and 64: Bass, B., & Avolio, B. (1993). Tran
Page 65 and 66: Eslami, J., & Gharakhani, D. (2012)
Page 67 and 68: Lok, P., Wang, P., Westwood, B., &
Page 69 and 70: Pallant, J. (2007). The SPSS Surviv
Page 71 and 72: Walumba, F., & Lawler, J. (2003). B
Page 73 and 74: APPENDIXa
Page 75 and 76: Appendix B: The QuestionnairePart 1
Page 77 and 78: Part 2 Organizational cultureFor ea
Page 79 and 80: Part 3 Job satisfactionListed below

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