<strong>The</strong> higher our thoughts, the greater our life<strong>The</strong> fundamental tenet of <strong>Lupelius</strong>’ philosophy is that inner states and events are twoaspects of a single reality. This does away with any distinction between an external and aninternal world, thereby making it possible <strong>for</strong> every man to guide his own destiny, throughknowledge of his own inner states and self‐mastery.Existence is our own invention and as such depends on us alone.Guided by <strong>Lupelius</strong>, I was discovering <strong>for</strong> the first time the vertiginous power, the‘concreteness of doing’, which lay hidden in the Christian mea culpa. For thousands of years,as though locked in a treasure chest, the very epitome of human intelligence had beenconserved in these two Latin words. Mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa. Only now did Irecognise this as the most concise and potent expression of the idea of responsibility. Meaculpa. This <strong>for</strong>mula, capable of harnessing the universe, from the hierarchy of the planets tothe movements of the atoms, holds the secret of boundless energy.Modifying states of being can trans<strong>for</strong>m the events that happen to you. This is how a man,by studying himself and changing his way of thinking and feeling, can trans<strong>for</strong>m hishorizontal, temporal existence.Existence on Earth is our great <strong>School</strong>. A <strong>School</strong> of life which in the eyes of ordinary menappears to be a prison.We need to learn how to overturn our vision. Whatever men normally perceive as difficulty andmis<strong>for</strong>tune, whatever they curse and try to avoid at all costs, is actually the most valuable materialwhich can enable them to trans<strong>for</strong>m their psychology of death into a psychology of life.Life through this world is a <strong>School</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Gods</strong>.Confusion, doubts, chaos, crisis, anger, despair and pain are all excellent conditions <strong>for</strong> growth.11 States and events 1A man’s being is made of states and his life of events. Our existence there<strong>for</strong>e runs alongtwo parallel tracks: the events which are the sequence of circumstances that come towards usduring our life on the conveyor belt of time and space, and our states which are the impulsesof our spirit, our moods, the emotions which arise within us in a mostly unconscious way. A22
man’s personal history is there<strong>for</strong>e made of events, horizontally, and of states, vertically.However, people usually think about their life and talk about it as if it were only made up ofexternal events. In reality, the type of events which occur, and consequently the quality of aperson’s external life, depends upon the quality of thought and on the states of being. Life isthus made of events but even more of states. We all believe, <strong>for</strong> example, when we go to aconference or to the theatre, that we are the ones to choose our seat; we are all sure that thismorning we chose what we were going to wear. In reality, the choice of seat and clothes wasnot made by ‘us’ but by our states of being.Everyone has a suit, a shirt, or some other item of clothing in their wardrobe which <strong>for</strong>some reason they never feel like wearing. However they do not throw that garment awaybecause they know that, sooner or later, they will find themselves in a state of mind, a mood,a level of being, which will be in tune with it. When we ‘feel’ that way, we ‘choose’ thatgarment.<strong>The</strong> relationship between states and events, inner circumstances and outer events, themysterious relationship between a man’s psychology and the things that happen to him, areat the core of the question of free will and the age‐old enigma of whether destiny isdetermined by chance or necessity. Around this enigma, over the ages, men haveaccumulated the knowledge of a great science that today is unknown.<strong>The</strong> ancient Greeks maintained that there was a causal relationship between inner statesand external events. This archaic civilization firmly believed that a man’s destiny was theprojection of his inner world, of his being. <strong>The</strong>y founded a science and an art on thisconviction that <strong>for</strong> them had the highest value. In the pre‐Homeric age, a wise man was notsomeone who was rich in experience or who had great knowledge but someone who couldshow what was unknown, who could predict the future. For the Greeks, shedding light ondarkness, defining the uncertain, was true knowledge and also an art. Other civilizations alsoexalted divination but no other people elevated it to the point of becoming the central tenet oftheir lives. All over the Hellenic world sanctuaries sprang up dedicated to the cult of Apolloto whom, more than to Dionysus,was attributed the dominion of knowledge. This was understood as the knowledge of humandestiny and its manifestation and communication. This Greek vocation and the art ofpredicting the future found its greatest expression in Delphi. This is why the god of Delphiwas a unifying image <strong>for</strong> that civilization and a symbol of Greece itself.<strong>The</strong> pilgrim who often travelled great distances and faced grave dangers to ask the godabout his future would find the Delphic inscription ‘Know Thyself’ engraved on thetympanum of the temple ‐ as if to say, ‘Do you want to know your future? <strong>The</strong>n knowyourself!’ In this apparently mocking paradox the Greeks set out the solution to the oldestriddle of humanity, the secret of all secrets, the answer to the age‐old question concerning theexistence of free will. A question that led all the philosophers in the world to ponderfeverishly whether to follow a fatalistic view of a predetermined and inevitable future or thebelief in the homo faber, man as maker of his own destiny. Sculpting this Delphic motto ontothe very temple dedicated to the most sacred art and the greatest of sciences, divination, the23