2i6Seycnteenth- and Eightccrtth,Century F ranceto confiDe in so little tinre that not onh clo I lccorcl them thc cntire t$.entr,,four hours. but I r,ill er,cn avail n,rr.if ,f thc hbrrtr that the plrilosophergives of cxccccling thcnr a little, and \\ ill, lithout scruple, extend therrto thirtv hours. . . . I 6ld that a Nriter is ill lt ease under this constraintuhich forced scveral of our ancicnts to skirt the inpossible. . . .Nlanv speak out against this rule tvhich thev call trrannical, ancl thcvu,ould be right if it n,cre lxsecl onlv on thc authoritr of Aristotlc; but\r'hat ought to givc it general acclptance is tlre natural reason thatsupports hinr. A clrirntatic poern is an imitltion, or to cxprcss it better,a portrait of the actions of men; and, s,ithorit cloubt, portraits arc in thesane proportion rnore crccllent as ther nrore closch. rescmblc the original.Tlre pcrformancc lasts trro hours .rnd *oulcl pcrfcctii.rcscrrblc the originalif thc lction that it perfoms took no Jongcr for its realization. 1'hus, lctus bl no neans stop cither at tlelvc hours or lt tlcntr,four; but lct ustightcn up thc actiou of the plav irrto the snrallcst cluration of tirne thatnc can, in ordcr thlt thc pcrfonllncc rler. reseniblc rnore closch and bcttrorc lirr lC\ t. . . .I rcpcat $hat I saicl, urorcovcr, that lrlten lc tlkc a longcr time, likctcn hours, I uould sirrrt the eight that rnust be lost to bc spent duringthc intenlissions behvecn thc acts, lncl cach of thcur to spencl irl pnrlcionlt, lrhat the pcrfornrancc u,irstes-prinrlrilv llrcn thcrc is continuousli:rison of thc sccrrcs, bccause this liaison clocs uot pcuDit anv ernptv spacebct*,eeir tlro scencs. I altrars corsiclcr thirt thc fifth act, bv special priviicgc,has sonc right to sclucczc thc tiruc l littlc, so tlrat tlle part of the actionthat it shorrs ltal takc longcr than it lcccls for its pcrforurencc. Thc rcasonfor this is thnt thc spcctator is thcrr ilrpeticnt to scc thc encl ancl, I.henit dcpcncls orr actors ulro hlve lcft the stlgc, all thc dialogue tllet oncgivcs to those rvho reuurin tlrerc uaitilg for tlreir ncss oulv makcs it flirgrtrd.ccrrr lo.trrrd slill Nill,,)Il r, trnlr... .As for unih of p1acc, I clr not 6ncl arrr snch rulc cither in Aristotle orirr Ilorace.'lhis is nhat lcacls sor'. I,, hclirvc tlrrt lhr rLrlc rr.ts establishedonl\ bccausc of thc uniti of timc ancl to persrr:Lcle thcrnsclres, accordinglv,that onc cln extctrd it as flr ls ti ltan can go ancl rcttrrr irr tlentl'l'hisfour hours.opinion is a littlc frcc, ancl if orre rrraclc arr actor go bl co:rch, tlrc tlosicles of thc stagc could rcprcscnt Paris :rncl Roucn. I t,ish, in order notto put thc spcct:rtor out rt iLll, tllat $hat is ltcrfomrccl for him in t$ohotrs night be lble to happerr in fact iu tuo hours ancl that uliat onchls lrin scc ori :r strgc that clocs not clrangc rt.rll rniqht bc confincd to onebechoonr or onc clrlling roonr. irccorcling to tlrc choice that is made for it;but oftcn that is so clifFcrrlt, not to sar irnpossiblc, that one nust find somcfrccclom fol thc placc its onc docs for thc timr:. . .I rl:rirrtlin, tlrcn, th:rt onc ulust sc.rrch for this cxrct ulitr, ls far aspossiblc; but, as it docs not aclapi itsclf to all sorts of subjccts, I shouldverl l illingh concc
Pierre Cotneille 237of place. I rvould not uant thc stagc to show the entire city-that rvouldbc a little too courprehensive-but on\, two or three special placcs includedwithin the enclosurc of its ualls. Thus the action of Cinna does not leaveRone, and is sometimes in the apartment of Auguste in his place andsonctinrcs in Ernilie's house. The Lirrr has the Tuilcries and the PlaceRorale in Paris, and The Sequel lto Tlrc Liar)tt shous the prison and thelodgings of lldlisse in Llons. T/ze Cld multiplies the numbcr of placesstill morc uithout leaving Sivillc; and, as thc liaison of the scenes is notprcservcd in it, the stagc, as earh as thc first act, is in the honse of Chindnc,in tlre apartruents of the Infanta in tlre king's palace, and in tlrc publicsquarc.'l'hc scconcl act adds thc king's chamber, aDd doubtless ihis libertv'1-ois sonre*'hat excessive. rectifv this cluplicatiorr of places utcn it isunavoidablc, I uould likc trvo things to bc done: one, thc set should ncvcrbe charrgccl in the saure act, but onlv bet[cen oDc act and anot]rer, as isdonc in the first threc acts of Cinna; thc other, these t\o places shouldbl no ureans need clifferent sets and neither of the two should cvcr benancd, but onlr,the gencral place n'here both are containcd, like Paris,Rone, Lron, Constantinoplc, etc. lhat riill help to beguilc the spcctator,tho, sccing nothing that nrarks for hirr a diffcrcncc in plnces, u.ill notrenark anr., at least in a rralicious and critical rvar (of lhich thcrc area fov s'ho arc capablc), thc rrajoritr hanging eagcrh on the action thatthcl see being sholrr. The plersure that thcr talie in it is grouncls for theirnot u'anting to search out:r lack of prccision in ordcr to take a