Metal Orifice Assemblies - O'Keefe Controls Inc

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Orifice KitsSAPPHIRE AND MICRO33Sapphire OrificesKit Reference OrificeType Part Number Catalog Page Body Material Quantity DiametersAFKA-96-NY 4 Nylon 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KF-96-NY 4 Nylon 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"JLPSKJ-96-BR 4 Brass 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KJ-96-SS 4 303SS 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KL-96-BR 4 Brass 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KL-96-BR-EN 4 Brass (Plated) 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KP-96-BR 4 Brass 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KS-96-BR 4 Brass 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"KS-96-BR-EN 4 Brass (Plated) 96 (3 each) .0012" to .0252"BLPMLPQXLPMicro-Orifices ® KBLPS-9-BR 19 Brass 9 (1 each) .0003" to .0035"KBLPS-11-SS 19 303SS 11 (1 each) .0003" to .005"KMLPS-9-BR 19 Brass 9 (1 each) .0003" to .0035"KQXSLP-9-BR 19 Brass 9 (1 each) .0003" to .0035"KQXSLP-11-SS 19 303SS 11 (1 each) .0003" to .005"Custom Orifice AssembliesSpecial orifice assemblies can be providedwhere quantity requirements aresufficiently large. Shown to the rightare a few of the custom assemblies producedusing sapphire or metal orifices.Oftentimes sapphire or metal orificescan be press fit into standard threadedor tube fittings. In other cases specialfittings incorporating metal orifices aremachined to order. Integral screens canalso be included in special configurations.Some of the custom precision orificeassemblies which have previouslybeen manufactured are:• Modified standard pipe, tube orprocess fittings with orifice inserts.• Custom machined orifice assemblies.• Custom orifices with integralscreen.• Orifice manifolds for flow selection.® Registered Trademark of O'Keefe Controls Co.P.O. BOX Q • TRUMBULL, CT 06611 • CT PHONE (203) 261-6711 • TOLL FREE PHONE (800) 533-3285 • FAX (203) 261-8331© O'KEEFE CONTROLS CO. • 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED e-mail ca@okcc.com • website www.okcc.com
34Fundamentals of Flow MeasurementGAS FLOW MEASUREMENTThe Standard Cubic FootVolumetric FlowThe flow of gases is traditionally measuredin volumetric units such as cubic feet, litersor cubic centimeters. However, sincegases are compressible fluids, the totalmass contained in a given volume varieswith both the temperature and pressure ofthe gas. To provide a meaningful referencefor volumetric flow measurements, a"standard" set of conditions are defined fortemperature and pressure of the gas.Unfortunately, the definition of standardconditions varies slightly in technicaldisciplines and industry groups. Standardtemperature ranges from 32 to 70ºF (0 to20ºC). Standard pressure is generallyaverage atmospheric pressure at sea-level,14.7 psia.Standard ConditionsFor the data presented in the charts onpages 16-18, standard conditions are 70°Fand 14.7 psia. For data points measuredby O'Keefe Controls Co., the same standardconditions are used.A mass flowmeter measures flow accurately andrelatively independent of barometric pressure.The unit shown above is used to obtain the data forcalibrated orifices.Factors to ConsiderIn comparing volumetric flow measurementstaken at different locations andwith different measuring equipment,the following factors should be considered:• Definition of Standard ConditionsBetween 32ºF and 70ºF, the standardconditions can vary up to 8%.• Temperature of the GasA 10ºF deviation causes about 1%error in a rotameter reading. Moreor less deviation occurs in other typeflow measuring instruments. The deviationsare predictable and the flowmeasurement is correctable.• Barometric PressureNormal atmospheric pressure variationsof ±1/2" Hg. can cause morethan 1% error in rotameters. Altitudeis also an important factor, since thebarometric pressure decreases rapidlywith increasing altitude. At anelevation of 2,000 ft. above sea level,rotameter scale readings are in errorby 3-1/2%. These errors can be correctedquite easily with predictablecorrection factors, and accurateknowledge of barometric pressure.What To Do To ImproveMeasurement AccuracyIn many applications, errors of ±10% inflow rate are unimportant. In this case,corrections for 1) standard conditions, 2)barometric pressure and 3) temperatureare not required.1. Definition of Standard ConditionsThe data on pages 16-18 is for standardconditions of 70ºF and 14.7 psia. To reconciledata taken from volumetric instrumentswhich are referenced to differentstandard conditions, use the followingformula:Q s= Q mx P m x T SP ST mQ m= measured volumetric flow (SCFH)or (SLPM).Q s= volumetric flow corrected to 70ºFand 14.7 psia.P m= standard barometric pressure referencedby manufacturer (psia). This is generally14.7 psia.P s= standard barometric pressure = 14.7 psia.T m= Standard absolute temperature referencedby manufacturer (ºRankine).T s= standard absolute temperature = 530ºR.For Example:A mass flowmeter manufacturer uses thefollowing standard conditions:14.7 psia, 32°F (492°R)To convert to standard conditions of 70ºF(530ºR) and 14.7 psia, apply the following:Q S= Q mx P mx T S= Q mx 14.7 x 53014.7 492P S= 1.077 Q mT mThe volumetric flow Q Sis larger than Q mby 7.7%. Consult the manufacturer of yourflow measuring equipment to insure thatyou know exactly the standard conditionswhich apply to your equipment.2. Temperature EffectsConsult your instrument manufacturer fortemperature correction factors. There aretwo temperature considerations.1. Effect of ambient temperature on theflow measuring instrument2. Effect of gas temperature on the flowmeasuring instrument3. Barometric Pressure EffectsConsult your instrument manufacturer forpressure correction factors. There are twopressure considerations.1. Effect of barometric pressure on theflow measuring instrument2. Effect of gas pressure on the flow measuringinstrumentTable of AverageBarometric PressureAltitude Barometer AtmosphericAbove Sea Level Reading PressureFeet Inches Mercury PSIA0 29.92 14.696500 29.38 14.431000 28.86 14.161500 28.33 13.912000 27.82 13.662500 27.32 13.413000 26.82 13.173500 26.33 12.934000 25.84 12.694500 25.37 12.465000 24.90 12.235500 23.99 11.787000 23.10 11.348000 22.23 10.91P.O. BOX Q • TRUMBULL, CT 06611 • CT PHONE (203) 261-6711 • TOLL FREE PHONE (800) 533-3285 • FAX (203) 261-8331© O'KEEFE CONTROLS CO. • 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED e-mail ca@okcc.com • website www.okcc.com
Page 1 and 2: 2Table of Contents®®PagePicture I
Page 3 and 4: 4Sapphire Orifice AssembliesDescrip
Page 5 and 6: 6DescriptionOne-piece construction
Page 7 and 8: 8DescriptionOne-piece construction
Page 9 and 10: 10DescriptionThe inserts shown on t
Page 11 and 12: 12Metal Orifice AssembliesDescripti
Page 13: 14DescriptionPrecision orifice asse
Page 17 and 18: 18Sapphire Orifice Air Flow - SLPMO
Page 19 and 20: 20Supply Pressure — psigPrecision
Page 21 and 22: 22DescriptionStainless steel wire s
Page 27 and 28: 28DescriptionFine screens are used
Page 29 and 30: 30BreathersSS WIRE SCREENSDescripti
Page 31: 32Orifice KitsMETALDescriptionFor r
Page 35 and 36: 36Technical ConsiderationsMISCELLAN
Page 37 and 38: 38The Basic ConceptA greatly misund
Page 39 and 40: 40Water Flow TotalizersREMOTE READO
Page 41 and 42: 42AccessoriesFLOW METERSIn-Line Flo
Page 43 and 44: 44Check Valves - Fixed Flow Control
Page 51 and 52: 38Pneumatic Pressure SwitchesNON-EL
Page 53 and 54: AIR PROXIMITYSENSORGENERAL DESCRIPT
Page 55 and 56: Air/Electric SwitchesDESCRIPTIONThe
Page 57 and 58: PNEUMATICFLOAT SWITCH[Non-Electric]
Page 59 and 60: COMPRESSEDAIR DRYERSAND ACCESSORIES
Page 61 and 62: Low Dew Point Air Dryers3SELF-REGEN
Page 63 and 64: Compact Air Dryer5LOW DEW POINT8"Al
Page 65 and 66: Standard Air Dryer7INSERT MODULEDes
Page 67 and 68: Insert Module1/4"12-7/8"12-1/4"Stan
Page 69 and 70: Standard Air Dryer System11PNEUMATI
Page 71 and 72: Compressed Air Accumulators13AIR RE
Page 73 and 74: High Flow Air Dryer System15PULSE F
Page 75 and 76: Point-of-Use Air Dryer System17DEW
Page 77 and 78: Air Dryer Accessories19MOISTURE IND
Page 79 and 80: Automatic Drain Valves21ADJUSTABLE
Page 81 and 82: Pneumatic Controls23SENSORSPneumati
Page 83 and 84:
MiniatureStainless SteelFittings an
Page 85 and 86:
DescriptionBARB ADAPTERMiniature St
Page 87 and 88:
Description10-32 x 1/8" NPTMiniatur
Page 89 and 90:
BREATHERMiniature Stainless Steel F
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Metal Orifice Assemblies - O'Keefe Controls Inc

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