MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING EDUCATIONAL ...

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAININGEDUCATIONAL EXAMINATIONEXAMINATION OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISHCONSOLIDATION PAPER IIConcerned Subject:Approximate Time:Examination Date:ENGLISH LANGUAGE250 minutes…… / …… / ……Student Name: ................................................................................Class: ..............................................................................................School: ............................................................................................ No further explanation may be asked or given. Examinees are strictly forbidden to use other materials, includingdictionaries. Violation of this rule may result in instantaneousdisqualification.MARKSECTION ONE. PHONETICSPart 1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same line. Write your answers in thenumbered box.1. A. particularly B. marvellously C. darkness D. pardoning2. A. embraceable B. empathically C. emancipation D. emphatically3. A. essentially B. gradually C. mutualised D. unpunctually4. A. recognisance B. solidify C. recessionary D. responsiveness5. A. saffron B. sacrament C. saddlery D. sabbaticalPart 2. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is different from the others of the same line. Write your answers in the numberedbox.6. A. irrevocably B. unconditional C. impartially D. descendeur7. A. empowerment B. omnisciently C. ludicrousness D. momentum8. A. consortium B. consummate C. operatorship D. cowardice9. A. mahatmas B. localisable C. correctitude D. outrageously10. A. morbidly B. crossbreds C. southernmost D. journaleseYour answers1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.SECTION TWO. LEXICO–GRAMMARPart 3. Choose the word that best substitutes for the underlined word or phrase in each sentence. Write your answers in the numberedbox.11. The ……… old man stood by the seashore, gazing into the horizon.A. immobile B. motionless C. stationery D. stationary12. Lisa is in her mourning ……… as her grandmother has just passed away.A. suit B. apparel C. accessory D. attire13. Mrs Smith is a ……… woman who makes all the decisions for her family.A. determined B. despicable C. domineering D. dominant14. The immature girl takes a very ……… view of things, which makes us wonder whether ‘moderation’ is even in her dictionary.A. extreme B. absolute C. defined D. impetuous15. The railway track has been constructed in such a way as to allow space for ……… on a hot day.A. extension B. expropriation C. expansion D. explosion16. We have yet to find an ……… means to divide the profits we made from the bazaar.A. equable B. equivocal C. equilateral D. equitable17. My brother has a ……… for pink items, so he loves strawberry ice-cream.A. favour B. preference C. keenness D. temptation18. My brother, who is in the army, has to suffer the ……… of army life.A. trials B. impossibilities C. rigours D. hardness19. The thief made a ……… of the keys he had stolen.A. copy B. duplicate C. replica D. reprint20. Worried about the declining population, the government ……… the citizens to have three or more children per family.A. induced B. rewarded C. pushed D. motivated21. We are sincerely sorry if we ……… you by any chance.A. inconvenience B. impose C. induct D. output22. Two days ……… without any trace of water—we were beginning to lose hope.A. elated B. elaborated C. eclipsed D. elapsed

23. Could you help me to ……… his handwriting?A. pronounce B. understand C. detach D. decipher24. The employees are ……… against the new manager of the company.A. compelled B. prejudiced C. repelled D. humiliated25. Have you ……… the baby’s milk bottles yet? I need them now.A. sterilised B. roasted C. purified D. cured26. The union leader will ……… with the employer regarding the bonus of the workers.A. negotiate B. comply C. necessitate D. meditate27. The story was blown out of ……… by the media.A. proportion B. contortion C. distortion D. presentation28. Do not ……… against the wall as the paint has not dried yet.A. lay B. lean C. fall D. blob29. Ralph ……… his fists tightly and tried to control himself.A. clung B. clinched C. clenched D. cleaved30. We have to do something to save our children from violence because the number of cases of child ……… has increased tremendously.A. employment B. adoption C. rupture D. abuseYour answers11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.Part 4. Fill in each blank with one suitable preposition or particle from the following box. Each word can only be used once. Write youranswers in the numbered box.from in with along at backof together over through for into31. She left the coffee to boil ……… in the kitchen and had to clean it up afterwards.32. I can hardly believe that she actually won in the face of competition ……… such a fiery writer.33. The worsening condition of the president is giving cause ……… concern.34. Local people had to take matters ……… their own hands because the governors failed to deliver their promise.35. Some communities, unfortunately, still remains divided ……… religious lines.36. Their garden is over ten thousand square metres ……… extent.37. Only when they have discussed the matter ……… great length will they draw any conclusion.38. Without any prior preparation, Peter sailed ……… his final exams.39. I am afraid to say that the notes do not seem to hang ……… .40. For sufficient records are kept, Helen can trace her ancestry ……… to the 1700s.Your answers31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.Part 5. Match the verbs in column A with the appropriate prepositions in column B to fill in the blanks. Make sure that the verbs are inthe correct form. Each word may be used only once. Write your answers in the numbered box.ABhead grow turn tip dispense to upon with on uptear tide try infringe look over off between for away41. Camera surveillance, as we all know, can ……… the privacy of shoppers in the mall, but it helps when it comes to their security.42. Bill was asked ……… the technical team of the company.43. The previous gas leak seems to necessitate ……… with the gas cooker.44. I only need thirty dollars ……… me ……… till the end of next month.45. She has to ……… all her previous experience to answer that one tricky question of her students.46. At some point of life, we ……… from our parents and live independently.47. She found herself ……… her love of singing and her fear of performing in public.48. The police must ……… beforehand, otherwise they would not have been able to capture the criminals.49. Only two people tried to help us, the rest just ……… in silence.50. They ……… a baby but fortune has not smiled on them yet.Your answers41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.Part 6. Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Write your answers in the column on the right.

Industrial relations in football in Britain, it seems, (51. TIE) to a form of language that makes (52. MEASURE) assessment difficult andcauses ill feeling by its very nature. Just as player—manager relations (53. CONDUCT) in the (54. OUTDATE) language of the traditionalfactory floor, so the terminology (55. USE) (56. DESCRIBE) changing jobs, ‘buying’ and ‘selling’ players, (57. DISTORT) the reality.Both sides suffer from this: the management accuses some players of greed or disloyalty, while the players feel the club (58. TREAT) themcynically, as if they were disposable objects.In the real world, though, people move from one job to another all the time. They (59. NOT BUY) or (60. SELL), they resign, sign a newcountry with another business, have a change. Sometimes, if they have signed a long-term contract, their old employers refuse to let themgo, or demand (61. COMPENSATE). In fact, life in the corporate world is generally less well paid, less secure and more demanding than itis in the world of professional football. The resentment that players feel about (62. SELL), (63. PROBABLY CREATE) more by thelanguage used to describe the process than by the process itself. This all has a tendency (64. DESCEND) into stereotypes: the gentlemanchairman who considers himself a good model of good business behaviour, and the hypersensitive player who thinks he (65. TREAT) as adisposable commodity.Your answers51. 52. 53. 54. 55.56. 57. 58. 59. 60.61. 62. 63. 64. 65.Part 7. Fill in each blank with the most suitable form of the word in brackets. Write your answers in the column on the right.There is little to disagree about in the notion that a good voice, whether in opera or rock music, is one 66. ...................................that moves its audience and brings a sense of release and fulfilment to the singer. But contemporary pop 67. ...................................and rock music have come about due to (66. SUBSTANCE) advances in technology. Here, the impact of68. ...................................the microphone should not be (67. ESTIMATE), as it has (68. ABLE) the magnification of quiet,intimate sounds. This, in turn, allows, the singer to experiment with the (69. EMPHATIC) on mood 69. ...................................rather than on strict (70. ADHERE) to proper breathing and voice control.70. ...................................Donna Soto–Morettin, a rock and jazz vocal trainer, feels that (71. ANATOMY) reasons may account 71. ...................................for the raspy sound produced by certain rock singers. Her (72. SUSPECT) is that swollen vocal chords, 72. ...................................which do not close properly, may allow singers to produce deeper notes. She does not, however, regard73. ...................................this as detracting (73. NOTICE) from the value of the sound produced. Singing, she maintains, has an74. ...................................almost (74. SEDUCE) quality and so our response to it has more (75. SIGNIFY) than its technicalqualities.75. ...................................Part 8. In most lines of the following text, there is one extra word. Identify this word by underlining and writing it in the column on theright. Some lines, however, are correct. Put a tick () in the right column to indicate them.Stainless steel was discovered by an accident in 1913 by the British metallurgist Harry 76. ..............................................Brearley. He was experimenting with steeling alloys—combinations of metals—that they 77. ..............................................would be suitable for making gun barrels. A few months later he had noticed that most of 78. ..............................................his rejected specimens had rusted although one was containing 14 percent chromium had 79. ..............................................not. The discovery led to the development of stainless steel. Ordinary steel goes rusts 80. ..............................................because it reacts easily with oxygen in the air to produce crumbly red oxides. Other 81. ..............................................materials, such as aluminium, nickel and chromium, also react in a much the same way but 82. ..............................................their oxides form an impermeable surface layer, stopping oxygen to reacting with the metal 83. ..............................................underneath. With Brearley’s steel, the chromium formed such as a film, protecting the 84. ..............................................metal from further attack, and the whole success of stainless steel is based well on the fact 85. ..............................................that it has this one unique advantage. In fact, a variety of stainless steels are now made. 86. ..............................................One of the commonest contains of 18 percent chromium and 8 percent nickel and is used 87. ..............................................for kitchen sinks. Kitchen knives are made of steel containing about 13 percent chromium. 88. ..............................................A more corrosion–resistant alloy is achieved by adding up an incredibly small amount of 89. ..............................................the metal molybdenum—these steels are used as cladding for buildings.90. ..............................................Part 9. There are ten errors in the following passage. Underline them in the text and correct them in the numbered box. Question (0)has been done as an example.For more than century, robberies of every kinds have plagued nations around the world. 0. century a centuryBank and house robberies were common occurrence. As many were caught so those whowere not and over the year, many continued to turn to these get rich quick methods. Despitethe nature of these ‘occupation’, media reports glorified the ingenious ways the robbersmanaged to escape with loot. Then, films, too, were made about famous robberies andcriminals were turned for celebrities.More and more people began robbing houses and banks and its techniques became moresophisticating, making it close to impossible for them to get caught. To compound thisproblem, many robbers returned to their countries where they were no rules of extraditions.As a result, many of them simply returned to their home countries to prevent the foreign91. ..............................................92. ..............................................93. ..............................................94. ..............................................95. ..............................................96. ..............................................97. ..............................................98. ..............................................99. ..............................................

countries from punishing them. 100. ..............................................SECTION THREE. READINGPart 10. Choose the word that best fits each of the blanks in the following passage. Write your answers in the numbered box.Roaring across the bay in a motorised rubber boat, we were told by the captain to (101) our eyes open. With the engine turned off, it wasnot long before half a dozen dolphins (102) swimming around us. Eventually, two came up (103) beside the boat and popped their heads outof the water to give us a wide grin.Dolphin watching was just one of the many unexpected attractions of a holiday in South Carolina, in the USA. The state has long beenpopular with golfers and, with dozens of (104) in the area, it is (105) a golfer’s paradise. But even the keenest golfer needs other diversionsand we soon found the resorts had plenty to (106).In fact, Charleston, which is midway along the (107), is one of the most interesting cities in the USA, and is where the first shots in theCivil War were (108). Taking a guided horse and carriage tour through the quiet back streets you get a real (109) of the city’s past. Strictregulations (110) to buildings so that original (111) are preserved.South of Charleston lies Hilton Head, an island resort about 18kkm long and (112) like a foot. It has a fantastic sandy beach (113) thelength of the island and this is perfect for all (114) of water sports. Alternatively, if you feel like doing nothing, (115) a chair and umbrella,head for an open space and just sit back and watch the pelicans diving for fish.101. A. stand B. keep C. hold D. fix102. A. started B. headed C. kept D. came103. A. direct B. right C. precise D. exact104. A. courses B. pitches C. grounds D. courts105. A. fully B. truly C. honestly D. purely106. A. show B. provide C. offer D. supply107. A. beach B. coast C. sea D. shore108. A. thrown B. aimed C. pulled D. fired109. A. significance B. meaning C. sense D. comprehension110. A. apply B. happen C. agree D. occur111. A. points B. characters C. factors D. features112. A. formed B. shaped C. made D. moulded113. A. lying B. running C. going D. following114. A. manner B. matter C. manifesto D. kind115. A. change B. lend C. hire D. loanPart 11. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Everybody looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress signifies a person’s ability toreshape the way he is living at the moment. The collective elucidation given to change from the lower and upper echelons of society issomething that is positive and can only have rewarding outcomes. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. Allthese, however, remain true only in so far as people want to embrace technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient waysof doing things.However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the good old days, efficiency comes with a price. Whencommunication becomes more productive, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wishto. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes. With these newcommunication gadgets, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional traitof having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialisation today. Factories haveimproved efficiency. Menial tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any humanhand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making theseproducts. For example, many handicrafts are now produced in a factory. Although this means that the supply is better able to increasedemand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production prunes the quality of the handicrafts andit is difficult to seek peerless designs on each item. Many tourists opt to visit the indigenous people in their natural habitats and purchasesouvenirs from them than from the shops amidst the cities. Perhaps, blood, sweat and tears do make a difference to what is being produced.Nonetheless, we must not commit the mistake of analysing progress only from one point of view. Ironically, it is progress that hasallowed tradition to persevere. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be refurnished totheir old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old. Vinyl records are a classic example. Many might have beendestroyed if not for the ability to store them properly. Additionally, players for these records have also been restored. They look and workexactly like their original state but it is technology that has given them this new lease of life.It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of impact that technology has on society. Technology is versatile. There is nofixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s mindset. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable torethink their attitudes and views of society. We can reminisce about the past but lamenting the effects of progress will cause the past tostagnate in our minds. When we embrace progress and adapt it to suit out needs, a new ‘past’ is created.Answer the questions 116–123 by choosing A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the numbered box.

116. It can be inferred from the passage that ……… .A. production of handicraft in profusion escalates the price of items B. progress allows decrepit ways to plough onC. it is impartial to say that progress comes with solely impediments D. progress is the only thing with which tradition can flourish117. The word “this” in the third paragraph refers to ……… .A. the production of handicraft in a factory B. the improvements in efficiencyC. the loss of the personal touch when producing handicraft D. the success of industrialisation118. Which of the following points is made in the second paragraph?A. All progress is harmful in some way. B. Inferior tasks are usually done by machine.C. Efficiency, to many people, is not without its downsides. D. New communication gadgets encourage personal visits.119. What is not referred to when the author uses the phrase ‘the good old days’ in the beginning paragraph?A. The times before the excessive use of technology. B. The positive impacts of old times.C. The times when manufactured production was unavailable. D. The time of increased productivity.120. Which of the following is stated as a negative impact of manufactured production?A. The quantity of products has drastically improved. B. The luxuriance of goods remains unchanged.C. Streamlined productions allow greater accuracy. D. The authenticity of goods is shrunken.121. The term “refurnished” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ……… .A. predated B. perceived C. precluded D. rehabilitated122. The word “lamenting” in the last paragraph can be best substituted by ……… .A. embracing B. rethinking C. unleashing D. mourning123. The word “versatile” in the last paragraph can be replaced by ……… .A. obdurate B. multipurpose C. hidebound D. unwaveringFor each of the following sentences 124–128, decide whether they are true (T), false (F), or not given in the passage (NG).124. Shaping progress to serve our needs produces more supreme way of life.125. It is a recurrent mistake of people to regard progress only from the negative viewpoint.126. The very worst effects of progress befall those incapable of adapting to changes.127. Change is regarded with solely positivity.Your answers116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121.122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127.Part 12. Read the following extract from a novel. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the excerpt.If Heather should return now, of course, or even five minutes from fitis Ilias made itself known. Silence, he rather thought, was at thenow, it would still be all right. Harry’s thought that he might never bedrock of its mood. Silence the empty hotel and the ruined villas insee her again could then be dismissed as a delusion, an absurd overreactionto an excess of solitude and silence. And from the notion habitations were worse than no habitations at all.the woods around seemed merely to magnify, as if abandonedthat, at any second, Heather would return, calling to him as she came 131.down the track, part of his mind could not be dislodged: the orderly, For he could not help remembering that, when they had first left thethe housetrained, rational part.car and strolled down to admire the view the hotel commanded, he128.had glanced up at the wooden balconies and red-painted shutters thatTo spend half an hour sitting on a fallen tree trunk halfway up a gave the building its stolid, alpine quality—and seen a figurepine-forested mountainside, whilst the warm glow of the afternoon withdraw abruptly from one of the unshuttered first floor window.sun faded towards a dusty chill and silence—absolute, windless, 132.pitiless silence—quarried at the nerves, was enough to test anyone’s It had been a stiff climb from the hotel up the uneven, overgrownself–control. He wished now that he had gone with her to the path towards the summit, and Heather had set a sharp pace. Out ofsummit, or stayed in the car and listened to the radio. Either way he breath and far from his normal stamping grounds, Harry had beenshould really have known better than to wait where he was. He took willing enough, in the circumstances, to stop at a point where aa deep breath.fallen tree blocked their route while she went on to the top.129.133.Nor, if the truth be told, did he ever want to again. Two hours ago, Peace of mind, he reckoned now, had lasted no longer than a minutehe and Heather had been basking in the sun just down the coast. or two. Since then, his thoughts had ranged over many subjects, butNow even visualising the scene was difficult, for Profitis Ilias always they had returned to what in his surroundings adamantlypossessed the power to consign every memory and perception refused to be ignored: silence so total that the ears invited a halfheardchorus of whispering voices in the trees around, silence sobeyond its own domain to half-forgotten remoteness. And ProfitisIlias had been Heather’s choice. “We could drive up there in half an complete that his straining senses insisted that somewhere, above orhour from here,” she had said. “It is a fantastic place. Deserted old around him, something must be watching him.Italian villas. And stupendous views. You must see it.”134.130.Or he could follow the path to the top, in case she was in someAt first Harry had detected nothing amiss in the growing isolation. It difficulty or had simply lost track of time. That, he concluded, waswas not until they had reached the hotel that the road served and really the only choice open to him. He started along it, feeling atfound it, as expected, closed for the winter, that the character of Pro- once the relief that action brings after the suspense of indecision.

Choose from the paragraphs A–H the one which best fits each gap (128–134). There is one extra paragraph that you do not need to use.A Harry had felt no such obligation, preferring the décor of adozen cafés he could think of to any vista of nature, howeversupposedly breathtaking. Nevertheless, he had raised noobjection. And so they had come, driving up the winding roadthrough the village of Salakos, till all the other traffic was leftbehind and only the limitless ranks of pine and fir stood witnessto their progress.E It was only in the chaotic realm of instinct and sensation that acontrary suspicion had taken root, only, as it were, in the partof himself that he did not care to acknowledge. Besides, Harryhad every justification for blaming his anxious state on theposition in which he found himself.BCDTwo months ago, the hotel would still have been open for theseason, the children of its guests playing in the grounds,perhaps even climbing on the very tree trunk where Harry sat. Itwas surprising to discover how uncomfortable he found it to bealone. If, that is, he was alone.“Take the keys,” she had said, “in case you want to go back tothe car.” Then she had added, noticing his frown: “Don’t worry.I will not be long. I cannot turn back now, can I?” And sosaying, she had scrambled up round the tree, smiled back at himonce, and then gone on. Nearly an hour ago, and seemingly aworld away, that last smile beckoned to Haran from up thewooded slope.Harry looked at his watch. It was nearly four o’clock, whichmeant that there was little more than an hour of daylight left.He could return to the car, in case Heather had done so herselfby a different route. He could stay where he was, on thegrounds that that was where she would expect to find him. Butone glance around reminded him that he could bear to remainthere no longer.FGHAt the time, he had dismissed it as a trick of the light, but nowthe memory added its weight to all the other anxieties by whichhe was beset. Why had she not returned? She had seemed soconfident, so reassuringly certain that she would be back beforehe had had a chance to miss her.But first he had to find Heather. Dismayed by how reluctant hefelt to shout her name aloud, he began to follow the path, stillfaithfully bordered with flints, as it twisted along the ridgebetween outcrops of rock and gnarled, wind-carved cedars. Ifshe had kept to the path, he could not fail to find her. But if shehad not—It was growing cold now in the shadow of the mountain, yet thecostal plain below was still bathed in warm, golden sunlight.Only here, on the thickly conifered slope, could the waning ofthe day no longer be ignored. Why had she not returned? Shecould scarcely be lost, not with the guidebook and a compass.After all, she had been to Profitis Ilias before, which Harrynever had.Part 13. Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered box.ANIMAL COMMUNICATIONMost animals manage, (135) ……… some extent, to communicate with members of the same species. Honeybees, for example, canconvey to one (136) ……… the direction, distance and quality of a source of nectar. Certain monkeys have several distinct vocalisationsincluding different alarm calls when they catch (137) ……… of leopards, eagles and snakes.Animal communication appears to be (138) ……… two basic kinds. On the one hand, the calls of birds and non–human primates (139)……… of a number of signals, (140) ……… of which has a purpose, (141) ……… it be a danger call, food call or distress call. On the(142) ……… hand, bees have an unlimited number of signals which show they are clearly (143) ……… of conveying any combination ofdistance, direction and quality but which cannot communicate anything else. In both cases, the signal manifests (144) ……… only when theappropriate stimulus is present. Contrast (145) ……… with human speech: we do not necessarily begin talking about eagles the (146)……… we see them; conversely, we can discuss eagles even when there are (147) ……… of them about.In recent decades, attempts have been made to teach human language to apes. These have met (148) ……… extremely limited success.(149) ……… there may be some evidence that they can recognise large numbers of words, there is very little evidence to suggest that apesare able to learn much, if (150) ………, grammar.Your answers135. 136. 137. 138.139. 140. 141. 142.143. 144. 145. 146.147. 148. 149. 150.SECTION FOUR. WRITINGPart 14. Use the word given in bold and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a way that it is as similar aspossible in meaning to the original sentence. Do not change the form of the given word.151. Without access to the statistics, I will not be able to complete the report. HOLDUnless ................................................................................................................................................................................................... completed.152. The head teacher is well known for his reliability and dedication. REPUTEDThe head teacher........................................................................................................................................................................................ person.153. Managers intend to consult their staff about job descriptions. AREStaff .............................................................................................................................................................. job descriptions by their managers.154. She really enjoys going for a swim every morning. ONWhat she ......................................................................................................................................................... going for a swim every morning.155. Louise is an expert in all aspects of the business except marketing. OF

With ........................................................................................................................................................................ in all aspects of the business.156. When faced with a fierce opponent, even the most skilled swordsmen must be careful. FROMIn ................................................................................................................................................................................................ has to be careful.157. We suppose the new models are about ten thousand dollars. VICINITYThe new models ..................................................................................................................................................................ten thousand dollars.158. We are having problems because we did not take out medical insurance. COSTWe are .................................................................................................................................................................................................... taken out.159. The students in his class come from many different places, which makes the place very special. WIDEThe students in his class ......................................................................................................................... , which makes the place very special.160. I do not expect another accident of the same type to happen here again STRIKEIt is not my ................................................................................................................................................................................................... twice.Part 15. For Questions 161 – 200, write a composition of between 400 and 700 words on the following topic.“Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. That is why it is called the present.” Explain the value of each day in aperson’s life. How have you lived for the present?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................THE END