Lecture 3

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This road cut in central Africa reveals soil layers or horizons which parallel the land surface. Taken together,these horizons comprise the profile of this soil, as shown in the enlarged diagram. The presence andcharacteristics of particular horizons in this profile distinguish this soil from the thousands of other soils in theworld. (Photo courtesy of R. Weil)
Horizons begin to differentiate as materials are added to the upper part of the profile and other materials aretranslocated to deeper zones. Under certain conditions, usually associated with forest vegetation and highrainfall, a leached E horizon forms between organic-matter-rich A and the B horizons. If sufficient rainfalloccurs, soluble salts will be carried below the soil profile, perhaps all the way to the groundwater.
Page 3 and 4: The many functions of soil can be g
Page 6 and 7: The soil is home to a wide variety
Page 8 and 9: The pedosphere, where the worlds of
Page 12 and 13: Information important to different
Page 14 and 15: The light- and dark-colored soil bo
Page 16 and 17: Abundant organic matter, including
Page 18 and 19: Diagrammatic representation of acid
Page 20 and 21: Nutrient elements exist in soils in
Page 22 and 23: Elements Essential for Plant Growth
Page 24 and 25: Quantities of Six Essential Element
Page 26 and 27: Definition• Soil is a natural thr
Page 28 and 29: Outline: Soil PhysicalProperties•
Page 31: Particle size and Soil texturalclas
Page 34 and 35: Particle and bulk density• Partic
Page 36 and 37: Soil Organic and InorganicCARBON•
Page 38 and 39: Outline: Physical Processes• Soil
Page 41 and 42: Soil Water Movement,Hydrologic Cycl
Page 43 and 44: Soil Erosion• Predicting soil ero
Page 45 and 46: Clay Minerals• Clay minerals and
Page 47 and 48: Clay minerals• Clay minerals of m
Page 49 and 50: Benefits of Organic Matter• Organ
Page 51 and 52: Soil Acidity• The pH of a soil is
Page 53 and 54: Soil Chemical Processes• Mineral
Page 55 and 56: Soil Microorganisms• Bacteria are
Page 57 and 58: Soil Microorganisms• Actinomycete
Page 59 and 60: Soil Microorganisms• Algae, like

Lecture 3

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