Lecture 3

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Soil Chemical Attributes andProcesses• Clay minerals• Soil Organic Matter• Soil Acidity• Salinity and Sodicity
Clay Minerals• Clay minerals and organic matter are the primary factorscontributing to the chemical reactions in soils; high surface areasand electrical charge characteristics are the reason soils arechemically dynamic.• Colloidal mineral and organic particles have extremely high chargeto-arearatios that make them important in processes that includewater retention, cation and anion exchange, sorption of inorganicand organic compounds, pH buffering as well as creating numerousother dynamic physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes thatare essential to the fertility, structure, and quality of soilenvironments.• In addition, factors associated with acidity, salinity, and sodicity playsignificant roles in soil chemistry, and have been labeled “mastervariables” along with a soil’s redox (e.g., oxidation—reduction)status. Soil chemical properties have a profound influence onagricultural production, soil quality and health, and on the overallsustainability of the soil ecosystem.
Page 3 and 4: The many functions of soil can be g
Page 6 and 7: The soil is home to a wide variety
Page 8 and 9: The pedosphere, where the worlds of
Page 10 and 11: This road cut in central Africa rev
Page 12 and 13: Information important to different
Page 14 and 15: The light- and dark-colored soil bo
Page 16 and 17: Abundant organic matter, including
Page 18 and 19: Diagrammatic representation of acid
Page 20 and 21: Nutrient elements exist in soils in
Page 22 and 23: Elements Essential for Plant Growth
Page 24 and 25: Quantities of Six Essential Element
Page 26 and 27: Definition• Soil is a natural thr
Page 28 and 29: Outline: Soil PhysicalProperties•
Page 31: Particle size and Soil texturalclas
Page 34 and 35: Particle and bulk density• Partic
Page 36 and 37: Soil Organic and InorganicCARBON•
Page 38 and 39: Outline: Physical Processes• Soil
Page 41 and 42: Soil Water Movement,Hydrologic Cycl
Page 43: Soil Erosion• Predicting soil ero
Page 47 and 48: Clay minerals• Clay minerals of m
Page 49 and 50: Benefits of Organic Matter• Organ
Page 51 and 52: Soil Acidity• The pH of a soil is
Page 53 and 54: Soil Chemical Processes• Mineral
Page 55 and 56: Soil Microorganisms• Bacteria are
Page 57 and 58: Soil Microorganisms• Actinomycete
Page 59 and 60: Soil Microorganisms• Algae, like

Lecture 3

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