Lecture 3

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Definition• Soil is a natural thre dimensional array ofvertically differentiated materials at thesurface of the Earth’s crust.• Soil = f ( pm, r, cl, o, t ); pm = parentmaterial; r = relief; cl = climate; o =organisms; t= time.
Definition• Soils are defined according to Singer and Munns (2002)as:Complex biogeochemical materials on which plants maygrow; having structural and biological properties thatdistinguish them from the rock and sediments fromwhich they normally originate; consisting of dynamicecological systems that provide plants with support,water, nutrients, and air; supporting all ecosystems onland including a large population of microorganisms thatrecycle the materials of life; sustaining the entire humanpopulation with food, fiber, water, building materials,and sites for construction and waste disposal; andprotecting ground water by filtering toxic chemicals anddisease organisms from waste water.
Page 3 and 4: The many functions of soil can be g
Page 6 and 7: The soil is home to a wide variety
Page 8 and 9: The pedosphere, where the worlds of
Page 10 and 11: This road cut in central Africa rev
Page 12 and 13: Information important to different
Page 14 and 15: The light- and dark-colored soil bo
Page 16 and 17: Abundant organic matter, including
Page 18 and 19: Diagrammatic representation of acid
Page 20 and 21: Nutrient elements exist in soils in
Page 22 and 23: Elements Essential for Plant Growth
Page 24 and 25: Quantities of Six Essential Element
Page 28 and 29: Outline: Soil PhysicalProperties•
Page 31: Particle size and Soil texturalclas
Page 34 and 35: Particle and bulk density• Partic
Page 36 and 37: Soil Organic and InorganicCARBON•
Page 38 and 39: Outline: Physical Processes• Soil
Page 41 and 42: Soil Water Movement,Hydrologic Cycl
Page 43 and 44: Soil Erosion• Predicting soil ero
Page 45 and 46: Clay Minerals• Clay minerals and
Page 47 and 48: Clay minerals• Clay minerals of m
Page 49 and 50: Benefits of Organic Matter• Organ
Page 51 and 52: Soil Acidity• The pH of a soil is
Page 53 and 54: Soil Chemical Processes• Mineral
Page 55 and 56: Soil Microorganisms• Bacteria are
Page 57 and 58: Soil Microorganisms• Actinomycete
Page 59 and 60: Soil Microorganisms• Algae, like

Lecture 3

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