JP 3-07 Joint Doctrine For Military Operations Other Than War

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Chapter IVin the Anchorage area. Described here is the involvement of the military inthe Anchorage area, its participation in disaster operations in the othercommunities notwithstanding.Since Elmendorf AFB and Ft. Richardson are in such close proximity, themilitary is well integrated into the community of Anchorage. The military inAnchorage, for example, played an important role in the economic life of thecity and was interwoven with civilian organizations and groups in many ways.The wives of military personnel stationed in the Anchorage area taught in theAnchorage schools, and their children attended school in the city. The militaryand civilian organizations cooperated with one another in numerous ways;for example, Anchorage area fire departments had mutual aid agreementswith military fire departments. Also, upon retirement from active militarylife, former military personnel sometimes assumed positions in Anchorageorganizations. Thus, there was a spirit of cooperation and interdependencebetween the military and civilian communities of Anchorage prior to the 1964catastrophe. It was not surprising then that the military provided considerableassistance to the community in its hour of need.The earthquake occurred around 5:30 p.m., and about 6:30 p.m. the first contactwas made between the military and civilian officials. At this time, the ArmyProvost Marshall from Ft. Richardson—who had been sent into the city tosee if military assistance would be needed—made initial contact with civilianauthorities at the downtown Public Safety Building, which became theemergency operation center for the city. Throughout the period, the provostmarshall acted as the Army liaison officer between the Army headquarters,the city police department and the Anchorage Civil Defense with the functionof coordinating requests for assistance. At 8:00 p.m., the police requestedArmy troops to assist in securing Anchorage against possible looting and tocontrol the movement of people in the affected areas. Because of themagnitude of the earthquake, officers at the base had anticipated the needfor assisting the civilian community; thus they were well mobilized when theofficial request was received. At approximately 8:30 p.m., the first contingentof troops departed from Ft. Richardson for Anchorage. From this initial pointof involvement, the assistance from the military in the disaster-struckcommunity of Anchorage expanded considerably.SOURCE: William Anderson, “Military-Civilian Relations in DisasterOperations,” USA Office of Civil Defense, 1968.• For MOOTW outside the UnitedStates, the lead agency will normallybe the DOS and the US Ambassadorwill coordinate US activities throughan established Country Team withrepresentation from all USdepartments and agencies in thatcountry, including DOD. In countrieswhich lack US embassies, a specialPresidential Envoy may be designatedto direct the operation.IV-8• That a non-DOD agency may have thelead on a given operation does not alterthe military chain of commandestablished in the appropriate orderissued by the NCA.j. Legal Requirements. MOOTW maypresent unique legal issues. In addition totraditional skills necessary in militaryjustice, legal personnel may requireexpertise in areas such as those shown inJoint Pub 3-07
Planning for Military Operations Other Than WarFigure IV-2. Commanders should ensurethat their supporting Staff JudgeAdvocate, or civilian legal counsel, hasthe resources available to respond to thevariety of complex international andoperational legal and regulatory issues thatmay arise during MOOTW. HN legalpersonnel should be integrated into thecommand legal staff as soon as practical toprovide guidance on unique HN domesticlegal practices and customs.AREAS REQUIRINGLEGAL EXPERTISE Refugees Fiscal law Rules of engagement Psychological operations Civil affairs Medical supportDisplaced and detainedciviliansLocal culture, customs,and governmentInternational law andagreements (such as Statusof-ForcesAgreements andenvironmental initiatives) Military and political liaison ClaimsFigure IV-2. Areas Requiring LegalExpertisek. Logistics• In MOOTW, logistics elementsmay be employed in quantitiesdisproportionate to their normalmilitary roles, and in nonstandardtasks; planners must be aware thatoverextending such forces mayjeopardize their ability to supportcombat operations. Logisticselements may precede other militaryforces or may be the only forcesdeployed. Logistics personnel may bedeployed to a foreign nation to supporteither US or multinational forces.Logistics forces may also havecontinuing responsibility after thedeparture of combat forces, in supportof multinational forces or PVOs andNGOs. In such cases, they must befamiliar with and adhere to anyapplicable status-of-forces agreementto which the US is a party. Logisticspersonnel must also be familiar withand adhere to any legal, regulatory, orpolitical restraints governing USinvolvement in the MOOTW. Thecommander must be alert for potentiallegal problems arising from the unique,difficult circumstances and the highlypolitical nature of MOOTW such asdisaster relief and humanitarianassistance operations. Logisticsplanners should analyze the capabilityof the HN economy to accommodatethe logistic support required by the USor multinational forces and exercisecare to limit adverse effects on the HNeconomy. Logistics units, like allother units, must be capable of selfdefense,particularly if they deployalone or in advance of other militaryforces.• Early mission analysis must alsoconsider transportationrequirements. Airfields and portsmust be assessed, particularly those inIV-9
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JP 3-07 Joint Doctrine For Military Operations Other Than War

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