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Dynamic Routing Protocols[Unicast Routing](1) IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)(a) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)(b) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)(2) EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)(c) BGP4 (Border Gateway Protocol version 4)[Multicast Routing](i) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol)(ii) MOSPF (Multicast OSPF)(iii) PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast protocol)(iv) MBGP (Multicast BGP)10
Multicast Routing Protocols[Multicast Routing](1) Flooding Keep and establish based-on “last-seen” packet Inefficient and unnecessary packet forwarding(2) Spanning Tree IEEE802.1d Spanning Tree Unnecessary packet forwarding(3) Reverse-Path Forwarding RPF(4) RPF and Prune(5) Steiner Trees ; Multicast-tree(6) Core-Based Trees11
Page 1 and 2: Multicast (Broadcast)(1) i.e., O(N)
Page 3 and 4: Multicast (Broadcast) Addresses(1)
Page 5 and 6: IPv4 Well-Known Multicast Addresses
Page 7 and 8: Multicast Packet Transmissionover E
Page 9: Ethernet Multicast/Broadcast Addres
Page 13 and 14: Flooding- Same as in OSPF -AD(1)(3)
Page 15 and 16: Spanning Tree- Same as in IEEE802.1
Page 17 and 18: Reverse-Path Forwarding (RPF)AD(1)
Page 19 and 20: RPF plus PruningNode D PruneNode B
Page 21 and 22: Multicast Routing Protocol/ Routing
Page 23 and 24: SS(1)(1)SH(2)(2)C(2)H(3)R1C(2) (4)(
Page 25 and 26: DVMRPMOSPFPIM-DMPIM-SMCBT 25
Page 27 and 28: (SSM)• SSM(Source Specific Multic
Page 29 and 30: IGMP (RFC1112) Message Format Ver.
Page 31 and 32: IGMP (RFC1112)Operation[1] Ethernet
Page 33 and 34: UH2IGMP (RFC1112)OperationMR1To Mul
Page 35 and 36: tcpdumpIGMP (RFC1112)Operation1 0.0
Page 37 and 38: - - - - - 37
Page 39 and 40: • - • - • - • - • - 39
Page 41 and 42: (2) • - (Aggregate)• NACK(Nega
Page 43 and 44: (4) - -• (e.g.,RSVP)- NACK- ()-
Page 45 and 46: (5) : • - 100 ( )- PLR=10**(-6)=
Page 47 and 48: SenderB1 2 3 4 5 A54R13211 2 3 4 A
Page 49 and 50: Packet Error or Loss Probability+ F

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