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Trinitarian Bible Society – Quarterly Recordprotesting that he was the ruler, theGerman chancellor Bismarck sent fivewarships to train their guns on his palace;the sultan then ‘agreed’!German East Africa covered the areas nowknown as Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania:an area three times the size of modernGermany—lebensraum 7 indeed. In 1895the UK government established the EastAfrican Protectorate and opened thefertile highlands to white settlers. Thesesettlers had a voice in government evenbefore it was officially made a UK colonyin 1920, but Africans had neither voicenor representation, being prohibited fromdirect political participation in Kenyanaffairs until 1944. Experiments with coffeegrowing were made by British settlersaround 1905, and the highlands becamerich in coffeeKing’s Africa Rifles 1908production.Tea plantationsfollowed in1923, but onlythe settlerswere to profitfrom thesubsequentexport trades.The proximityof Germanand British powersin East Africa meant that the Great War,1914–1918, involved Africa too. The BritishArmy recruited two hundred thousandEast Africans as askaris, foot soldiers, inthe British-officered King’s African Rifles.Afterwards, in 1921, the protectoratebecame Kenya, with the status of BritishCrown Colony. By 1922 mission-educatedAfricans began to protest their exclusionfrom affairs; Harry Thuku, from the Kikuyuethnic group, emerged as leader of theEast African Association (EAA), and wasarrested. A young Kikuyu EAA member,Jomo Kenyatta, went to university inEngland in 1931, returning years laterto become a world-renowned politicalleader in Kenya. Later in the 1930s ErnestHemingway visited, writing there for a brieftime. World war erupted again, involvingEast Africa particularly because of theItalian presence in Ethiopia followingMussolini’s invasion. 8Towards IndependenceThrough the 1930s Kenyatta’s methods ofprotest and pressure were peaceful, butMau Mau guerrillashe warned that lack of progress wouldresult in a ‘dangerous explosion’. Eventswere overtaken by a more powerful andalarming challenge to British colonialrule. In 1952 a militant independencemovement, Mau Mau, a Kikuyu anticolonialorganisation, made its presenceand demands painfully clear—to drive thewhiteMauman from Kenya. Mauguerrillas organisedthemselvesas the KenyaLand FreedomArmy (KFLA).Jomo Kenyatta,regarded as theirleader, wasjailed.Britainsenttroops,20Jomo Kenyatta