Chapter 8: Internal Forced Convection

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• For incompressible flow in a circular pipe of radius RTm∫cT rcT r ρu r 2πrdr( ) δ m( ) ( )ppm= =Ac2R(2π )mc ρV R cp avg p=∫ (8-4)Vavg( ) ( )• The mean temperature T m of a fluid changes duringheating or cooling.2R∫0T r u r rdrIdealizedActual
Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Tubes• For flow in a circular tube, the Reynolds number isdefined asρVavgD VavgDRe = = (8-5)µ ν• For flow through noncircular tubes D is replaced bythe hydraulic diameter D h .Dh4Ac= (8-6)P• laminar flow: Re10,000.
Page 1: Chapter 8:Internal Forced Convectio
Page 4 and 5: Average Velocity• The value of th
Page 8 and 9: The Entrance Region• A fluid ente
Page 10 and 11: Thermal Entrance Region• Consider
Page 12 and 13: • Surface heat flux can be expres
Page 14 and 15: Entry Lengths ()- HydrodynamicLamin
Page 16 and 17: General Thermal Analysis• In the
Page 18 and 19: • In the fully developed region,
Page 20 and 21: Constant Surface Temperature• The
Page 22 and 23: • The temperature difference betw
Page 24 and 25: Laminar Flow in TubesAssumptions:
Page 26 and 27: • Taking the limit as dr, dx 0 g
Page 28 and 29: • Combining the last two equation
Page 30 and 31: • A pressure drop due to viscous
Page 32 and 33: • Or∂T1 ∂Qu =−( )∂ x ρc
Page 34 and 35: • Separating the variables and in
Page 36 and 37: Constant Surface temperature (circu
Page 38 and 39: - HydrodynamicLaminar flowLh,lamina
Page 40 and 41: Turbulent flow in Tubes• Most cor
Page 42: Moody Diagram

Chapter 8: Internal Forced Convection

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