0805 cover. LD+A Cover II REV - Illuminating Engineering Society

Lighting Design + Application • August 2005TheLIGHTINGAUTHORITY ®IIDA2005 INTERNATIONAL ILLUMINATION DESIGN AWARDS

CONTENTSAugust 2005,VOL. 35/NO. 833 2005 International Illumination Design AwardsSweet 16–A round-up of the IESNA 2005 IIDA recipients48Profiles in PostcardsThe entire country mourned on September11, 2001. Now the communityof Staten Island, NY, has a special placewhere visitors can reflect4852From Gray to GreenAesthetically pleasing, spacious andenvironmentally smart, the new DavidL. Lawrence Convention Center is thelatest addition to Pittsburgh’s riverfront58Jacksonville’sPregame ShowTo show itself in the best possible light,Jacksonville, FL, illuminated threedowntown bridges in time for the2005 Super Bowl525865CaltransTranscendentNot your ordinary, staid governmentbuilding, Caltrans’ District 7Headquarters in Los Angeles is morean energy-efficient work of artF E ATURES71Acing EmergencyLightingOccupant safety and liability concernshave led building owners toward moresophisticated testing, maintenance andselection of emergency lighting systems65C E N T U R YS E R I E S75The Sporting LifeThe evolution of sports lighting has reflected changes in our culture—particularly in terms of recreation and the emergence of televisionD E P A R T M E N T S4 Editor’s Note • 6 Letters to the Editor • 8 Regional Voices • 10 EnergyAdvisor • 12 Research Matters • 16 Lighting for Security • 21 IES News• 25 Industry Updates • 29 Scanning the Spectrum • 79 Literature Review• 80 Light Products • 82 Calendar of Events • 83 ClassifiedAdvertisements • 84 Ad IndexLD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in the United States of America by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 WallStreet, 17th Floor, New York, NY. 10005, 212-248-5000. © 2005 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Periodicals postage paid at NewYork, N.Y. 10005 and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005.ON THE COVER:The 2005 IIDA Award of Distinctionrecipient is “Postcards”–Staten Island’sSeptember 11 Memorial. Photo by EdMassery

EDITOR’S NOTEPaul TarriconePublish in thenewest, and whatpromises tobecome, themost prestigiouslighting journal inthe world . . .FILE THIS ONE UNDER:“You’re damned if you do, damnedif you don’t.”This month’s “Century Series”article (page 75) highlights the balancingact sometimes necessarywhen lighting sports stadiums andfields, especially those in residentialneighborhoods. On the one hand,the increase in leisure time overthe past few decades has createddemand for more lighted fields foreverything from beer-belly softballleagues to youth soccer. On theother hand, neighborhoods havebecome increasingly sensitive tolight pollution—including lighttrespass from some of these verysame sports facilities. It’s aquandary—one my hometown ofOssining, NY, can relate to.Right about the time we werepreparing the sports lighting articlementioned above, my son Michaelwas selected to play in the town’sLittle League All-Star game fornine-year-olds. It would be achance to play “under the lights”for the first time. Despite somedrizzle, the game (from 6:00-8:00pm) went off without a hitch.The10-year-olds, who started at 8:30,were not so lucky. At around10:45, with the score tied and thebases loaded in the bottom of thelast inning, the lights—which areon a timer—shut off. Game over.No more light trespass thatevening, but more than a few disappointedkids and spectators.The episode got me thinkingabout a comment from MicheleMcColgan of the Lighting ResearchCenter about the subjective natureof light trespass. If the definition oflight trespass is “light being castwhere it is not wanted or needed,”then the question becomes, “sayswho?” Who gets to decide what islight pollution and what’s not?Recent letters to the editor inLD+A magnify the point. TheMorongo Resort & Casino (ourcover story in May) is lambasted inthe July issue as a “monstrousAt around 10:45,with the scoretied and thebases loaded inthe bottom ofthe last inning,the lights—which are on atimer—shut off.Game overtower...whose architecture destroysthe desert.” In this issue, the verysame project is hailed as an IIDAAward of Excellence recipient.Thenthere’s the Miami World TradeCenter tower—excoriated as a polluterin a May letter to the editor,but saluted as a work of art in July.But what if the arbiters of “goodlighting” sometimes come downon both sides of the fence? Thatbrings me back to night baseball inOssining. I couldn’t help but wonderif some of those spectatorswho wanted the lights turned backon at the end of the All-Star gamewere the same ones who petitionedthe town to have themturned off at 10:45 each night inthe first place.L E U K O SThe Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North AmericaFor submission informationgo to www.iesna.orgPublisherWilliam Hanley, CAEEditorPaul TarriconeAssociate EditorJohn-Michael KobesAssistant EditorRoslyn LoweArt DirectorSamuel FontanezAssociate Art DirectorPetra DomingoColumnistsTed Ake • Emlyn G.AltmanPeter Bleasby • Denise FongBrian Liebel • Doug PaulinPaul Pompeo • Willard WarrenBook Review EditorPaulette Hebert, Ph.D.Marketing ManagerSue FoleyAdvertising CoordinatorLeslie PrestiaPublished by IESNA120 Wall Street, 17th FloorNew York, NY 10005-4001Phone: 212-248-5000Fax: 212-248-5017/18Website: www.iesna.orgEmail: iesna@iesna.orgLD+A is a magazine for professionals involved in the art,science, study, manufacture, teaching, and implementationof lighting. LD+A is designed to enhance and improve thepractice of lighting. Every issue of LD+A includes featurearticles on design projects, technical articles on the scienceof illumination, new product developments, industrytrends, news of the Illuminating Engineering Society ofNorth America, and vital information about the illuminatingprofession.Statements and opinions expressed in articles and editorialsin LD+A are the expressions of contributors and donot necessarily represent the policies or opinions of theIlluminating Engineering Society of North America.Advertisements appearing in this publication are the soleresponsibility of the advertiser.LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in theUnited States of America by the Illuminating EngineeringSociety of North America, 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor,New York, NY 10005, 212-248-5000. Copyright 2005 bythe Illuminating Engineering Society of NorthAmerica. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY10005 and additional mailing offices. Nonmember subscriptions$44.00 per year.Additional $15.00 postage forsubscriptions outside the United States. Member subscriptions$32.00 (not deductible from annual dues).Additional subscriptions $44.00. Single copies $4.00,except Lighting Equipment & Accessories Directory andProgress Report issues $10.00. Authorization to reproducearticles for internal or personal use by specificclients is granted by IESNA to libraries and other usersregistered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC)Transactional Reporting Service, provided a fee of $2.00per copy is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street,Salem, MA 01970. IESNA fee code: 0360-6325/86 $2.00.This consent does not extend to other kinds of copyingfor purposes such as general distribution, advertising orpromotion, creating new collective works, or resale.POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005. Subscribers:For continuous service please notify LD+A of addresschanges at least 6 weeks in advance.This publication is indexed regularly by EngineeringIndex, Inc. and Applied Science & Technology Index.LD+A is available on microfilm from Proquest Informationand Learning, 800-521-0600,Ann Arbor, MI.4 www.iesna.org

LETTERS TO THE EDITORMaintenance MantraI just read the June Editor’s Note about light fixture maintenance andwant to say,“Welcome to my world!”Perhaps you know about our product. It’s a mounting system that retrofitsto fixtures and allows maintenance people to remove the whole fixture,change the light bulb (or whole fixture), and return it to the ceilingwithout using a ladder. It eliminates the need for group relamping and thewaste it generates (by throwing away bulbs well before the end of theirlives).In 2002, we won the “Technical Innovation” award at LIGHTFAIR. Sincethen it’s been an uphill battle trying to explain to the lighting world whymaintenance is so important. There are pockets of people who get it, butmost (and almost all lighting fixture manufacturers) seem to forget thatonce the lighting design is done and the fixtures are installed, the real lifeof the fixture begins.I spend way too much time checking for burned-out bulbs, and havenoticed that if you walk through just about any facility 15 to 20 monthsafter it’s constructed, you will see a startling number of burned-out bulbs.I’m beginning to wonder if the lighting world will ever get it.Nelson PitlorPresidentAccessmount LLCTwinsburg, OHWhat If It’s YourBackyard?I am pleased to seethat the New York Timesis making lighting such ahigh priority in its newheadquarters (LD+A, July,“Sign of the Times”), but Icannot help but be concernedabout the issuesraised by the use of eminentdomain by the State of New York to acquire the property where thenew building will be built. While it may not seem that a magazine focusedon lighting design and application should worry about civil legal issues, Ibelieve that those of us in the construction industry need to keep a veryclose eye on the use of eminent domain to seize personal property.We may not cry over the loss of a corner store or a run-down apartmentbuilding,and we may rejoice over the potential project work that willcome our way as a result of the recent Supreme Court decision in Kelovs. New London. But I cannot help but wonder whether there will be anyoneleft to protest when it’s our corner store or park or home that is beingeyed by a developer.e-mail a letterto the editor:ptarricone@iesna.orgGreg Walson, LCBoston, MAPRESIDENTAlan L. Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., FIESThe New England College of OptometryPAST PRESIDENTCraig A. Bernecker, Ph.D., FIES, LCThe Lighting Education InstituteSENIOR VICE PRESIDENT(President-Elect)Kevin FlynnKiku Obata & CompanyVP-EDUCATIONALACTIVITIESRonald Gibbons, Ph.D.Virginia Tech Transportation InstituteVP-TECHNICAL & RESEARCHPekka HakkarainenLutron Electronics Co. Inc.VP-DESIGN & APPLICATIONJoseph B. Murdoch, Ph.D., PE, LCUniversity of New Hampshire (retired)VP-MEMBER ACTIVITIESKimberly Szinger, PEStantec ConsultingTREASURERBoyd CorbettS2C IncorporatedEXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTWilliam HanleyIESNADIRECTORSDavid A. BaumHolophaneJames CyrePhilips LightingTerrance Kilbourne, LCTEC, Inc.Denis Lavoie, LCLUMEC, Inc.Paul Mercier, LCLighting Design Innovations, Ltd.Russ Owens, LCWest Coast Design GroupRVP/DIRECTORSCraig Kohringmda engineering, inc.Thomas Tolen, LCTMT Associates2005-2006Board of DirectorsIESNA6 www.iesna.org

REGIONAL VOICESThomas Tolen,South PacificCoast, RVPFOR SOME REASON, THESouth Pacific Coast Region ofIESNA has garnered a reputation asa place where dead sections comeback to life. The past year has seenthe reemergence of the IESNA inNew Mexico and Central California.Another previously dormant group,the Mission Section, has reorganizedunder the dedicated efforts of TrishReynoso,Tom Santoianni and SpenceStrom. Even more recently, a groupof young, energetic volunteers, ledby Alison Brown, April Ruedafloresand Shelli Sedlak, has resurrectedthe Inland Empire Section inSouthern California.It’s very difficult to run an IESNASection effectively. It’s even more difficultto put together a new or resurrectedsection. Sections in thispart of the IESNA world are geographicallyhuge. This presents anumber of difficulties for membersliving in the outlying areas. It’s toughto attend a section program or educationaloffering when one has toWACLighting1/3 sqdrive two-three hours one way togather with a group of people whospeak the same language.In my tenure as RVP, I’ve beenapproached on several occasions bymembers who have to make thatlong drive.They want to know whatthey need to do to form a new section.Often times, the easiest solutionis simply to gather a group andact as a satellite under a commonsection. This allows the group tooffer its own programs and educationalactivities with a minimum ofbureaucratic entanglements.There are some tangible requirementsfor forming a new IESNASection.The new section must havea minimum of 25 members. Theirexisting section must be amenableto the idea. They must be able todefine some clear borders.And theymust convince their RVP that theyare committed to sustainable success.Thelast requirement is a littleless tangible, but here’s what I lookfor from a new section prior to myproposing their official recognition:• There must be a strong leadershipinfrastructure in place.The newsection should appoint officers andboard members, and they shoulddesignate chairs for important committeessuch as Education,Membership and Programs. Theleadership should meet at least oncea month.• The section should be holdingregular, monthly meetings for themembership. They should providereports describing these meetings.• The section should make aneffort at producing a significant educationaloffering, such as ED 100.What all this is, really, is an exercisein section role playing. Thetough part is achieving all this withouthaving a bank account.An organizationcannot open a bankaccount without an employer identificationnumber (E.I.N.). IESNA cannotprovide an E.I.N. until the sectionhas been officially recognized bythe IESNA Board.As such, the fledglingsection needs to operate as asatellite to another section when itcomes to financial matters.Once I’m convinced a section issustainable, I recommend to theother RVPs that it be officially recognized.Assumingthe RVPs concur, theissue is put before the Board ofDirectors for a vote.Once the Boardapproves it,the new section is official.Since this is my last RVP columnfor LD+A, I’d like to thank all the sectionleaders in my region who havemade this such a rewarding experience.I’m encouraged by how manypeople come to our REC meetingsto share experiences, offer suggestionsand just plain have a good time.Special thanks go out to my twoRVP predecessors: Russ Owens,who stayed involved and kept mesharp; and Mark Seegel, whose selflessdedication to our Regional IIDAprogram epitomizes the spirit of volunteerism.Thanks,guys.Make yourVOICE HEARD!Join an IESNAcommittee:Fax: (212) 248-50178 www.iesna.org

ENERGY ADVISORWillard L.Warren,PE, LC, FIESNATHE NEW YORK SECTION OFthe IESNA established the LumenAward program over 40 years ago torecognize excellence in lightingdesign.This year, at the Lumen Awarddinner, attended by over 700 peopleat a gala affair on June 15, two of uswere recognized for our 50 years ofservice to the Society: Der Scutt, ofDer Scutt Architects, and yours truly.I first met Der Scutt when heworked for the architectural firm ofKahn and Jacobs, designers of someof the finest office buildings in NewYork City. He later joined the venerablefirm of Swanke, Hayden andConnell Partners before establishinghis own architectural firm.Just as the theatrical world has its“show doctors” that help prepare ashow for Broadway, Der Scutt has thereputation of being an architect’s architect,becausehe knows how to extractthe most usable square feet for anoffice building on any given preciousand expensive footprint in Manhattan,especially for first class buildings likeTrump Tower. But he also is a prominentlighting designer and one of thevery few people that is a Fellow ofboth the AIA and the IESNA.In the early ’70s, Scutt was presidentof the New York Section and hedelighted in running the LumenAward program–but with a twist.While the Lumen program celebratesexcellence in lighting design, Scutt feltthat there were some egregious lightinginstallations in the city that were“Lemons, not Lumens,” and so to callattention to the terrible misuse ofenergy and assaults on our senses, hecoined the phrase, “Winners andSinners” as a topic for a LumenAward Dinner and a cover story inLD+A.The OffendersScutt hated the lighting in those“discount” and “going out of business”antique, luggage and electronicsstores on Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue,which were notorious tourist traps.They claimed to be offering bargains,but every week there would be anitem in the papers about anothertourist being overcharged, or a victimof bait-and-switch tactics. Somestores were selling used merchandiseas new and phony antiques, but Scuttfelt they had committed the worstpossible crime, namely “Lousy Lightingin the First Degree.” These establishmentswould squeeze as manybare lamp strips as would fit on theceilings of their storefront show windowsand interiors, to draw people into be fleeced. Der hoped that theadverse publicity he generated wouldhelp people (certainly LD+A readers)avoid these phonies and patronizelegitimate stores when visiting NYC.There were some other installationsdone by architects without benefitof lighting designers that were notas bad as the “chop shops” mentionedabove, but neverthelessdeserving of criticism for being terriblyglary and energy wasteful. Unfortunately,some architects are a littlesensitive, as we all are, and tosoothe feelings among professionals,Scutt stopped criticizing their work,but at least many of us got the messageabout what the standards werefor good lighting. Newspaper andmagazine critics can publicly criticizethe work of architects, but other professionalscannot.I can recall serving on many LumenAward juries in the early ’70s, andone year the panel included lightingdesigners Howard Brandston andRichard Kelly,interior designers SusanForbes and Lloyd Bell and architectSusan Podufaly, all members of theIESNA.Not only did I learn about awardwinning lighting design, but Howardtaught us how to dress casually, butwith style, while Richard Kelly wouldcharm and distract us with side dissertationson subjects like “How togrow plants with light,” and “Howmuseums were destroying their mostvaluable fine art and manuscripts byover-lighting them.” Mr. Kelly alsowould make reference to some of hisprojects that were done differentlythan some of the award entries. It’shard to compare the work of meremortals with the design of theSeagram Building, the Four SeasonsRestaurant, the International ArrivalsBuilding at JFK and many other architecturalgems.Ever since those early days, the NYSection has gone out of its way toemphasize that the Lumen Award isnot a competition, but a celebratoryevent recognizing outstanding accomplishmentsand the honor bestowedScutt felt that there were someegregious lighting installations in NewYork that were ‘Lemons, not Lumens’on Der Scutt was a fitting tribute to adeserving person and true professionalwho always calls it like it is.Lumen 2005This year, 10 projects were honoredwith Citations, Awards of Meritand Lumen Awards of Excellence.They included an Icepool lightedfrom below the ice in Finland, theMemorial to September 11 on StatenIsland (also featured in this issue as anIIDA Award of Distinction recipient),a Truelightpod for matching the colorof clothes and cosmetics in differentinteriors in LA, the Clinton LibraryExhibit in Little Rock, AR, the FAOSchwartz Flagship Store in New York,the Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, LLP lawfirm office in New York, the Pier 1Imports headquarters building in FortWorth, TX, the Semiramis Hotel inAthens, Greece, the Teatro Bar in theMGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas, andthe Bank of America Trading Floor inCharlotte, NC.Willard L. Warren, PE, LC, FIESNA, isthe principal of Willard L.WarrenAssociates, a consulting firm servingindustry, government and utility clients inlighting and energy conservation.back issues of LD+A arenow onlinewww.iesna.org10 www.iesna.org

RESEARCH MATTERSTailoring Headlamp SpectraJohn Van Derlofske,Lighting ResearchCenter, RensselaerPolytechnic InstituteADVANCED FORWARD-LIGHTING SYSTEMS (AFS) are anew concept for vehicle headlamps.The goal of AFS is to actively controlheadlamp beam patterns while drivingto meet the dynamic requirementsof changing roadway geometriesand visibility conditions.However, is beam pattern (the luminousintensity distribution) the onlyaspect of headlamp performance thatcan be changed? As the title of thisarticle suggests, it is also possible totailor a headlamp’s spectral distribution.Why Tailor Spectrum?With any headlamp system a balancemust be reached between visibilityand glare.This can be a tricky business;one driver’s increased visibilitymight come at the expense ofincreased glare to other drivers, particularlyif the visibility increase isachieved by simply increasing theheadlamp’s intensity. Therefore, it canbe difficult to satisfy these two antithesisrequirements by manipulating onlyintensity. Recent research has shown,however, that by tailoring a headlamp’sspectral distribution, one may be ableto improve off-axis visual performanceand reduce discomfort glare. 1How Does Spectrum AffectVisibility, Glare and Safety?Visibility. Since objects (i.e., peopleor animals) can move onto the roadwayahead of a car, they need to bedetected peripherally (off-axis). Awealth of research has demonstratedthat at low (mesopic) light levels, thespectral content of a light source canimpact off-axis visual performance. 2Light levels experienced while drivingat night are in the mesopic responserange. This range lies between thephotopic (high light levels) and scotopic(almost no light) ranges. In thisresponse range, the eye’s sensitivityshifts towards shorter wavelengths,and off-axis vision is enhanced by theuse of a source more closely matchedto the shorter wavelength sensitivityrange. The spectral output of somenew headlamp sources, such as highintensity discharge (HID) and bluecoated halogen lamps, are weightedmore towards shorter wavelengths.For both of these headlamp sourcesFigure 1. Chromaticity (CIE 1931) of LED test samples, shown with manufacturer'sbinning structure, the SAE white box, and the black body locus.recent studies have shown anincrease in off-axis visual performancedue to spectrum relative tohalogen sources. 3,4Glare. Spectrum also affects discomfortglare under nighttime drivingconditions. Sources with more shortwavelength content in their spectraldistribution result in increased discomfortfor the same measured lightlevel at the eye. It was reported asearly as the 1930s that discomfortglare was caused more by “blue” thanby “yellow” light. 5 For white lightsources, such as halogen and HID, aseries of studies has confirmed thattypical HID headlamps result ingreater discomfort than typical halogenheadlamps. 6,7Current research is trying to moreexactly determine the spectralresponse for discomfort glare.However, initial indications are thateven though off-axis visual performanceand discomfort glare bothdepend on source spectrum, andboth appear to increase with moreenergy in the short visible wavelengths,the two responses are notthe same. 6 For nighttime driving, offaxisvisual performance is dependenton rod photoreceptors (with peaksensitivity at 507 nm) and increaseddiscomfort glare appears to be associatedwith short-wavelength coneHeadlamp systems of the future willbe much different from the sealedbeam headlamps many of us havegrown up withphotoreceptors (peak sensitivity at440 nm). Therefore, increased visualperformance does not necessarilyhave to mean more discomfort glare.Increasing Driver Safety. Spectrallytuning a headlamp beam pattern toincrease performance may have additionalbenefits to safety.In the study thatexamined the visual benefits of bluecoated lamps no preference wasoffered among subjects over whichheadlamp they would like to drive with,even though they performed betterwith the blue coated lamps. 4 This wasnot unexpected, as most people ratevisual tasks on-axis 8 and the improvedperformance offered was an off-axis12 www.iesna.org

Figure 2. Increase in mesopic luminance of white LEDs over a halogenheadlamp source.effect. The fact that people are notaware of the increase in off-axis performancemay have a positive aspect.When people are aware that their visualperformance is increased they maydrive differently (i.e., faster, more riskier)to accommodate and negate anynet safety benefit from the improvedvisibility. 9 If drivers are unaware thattheir off-axis visual performance isimproved, behavioral accommodationmight not occur, and a net increase indriving safety might be seen.A New Opportunity: LEDHeadlampsAs discussed in a previous LD+Acolumn, light emitting diode (LED)headlamps are currently being developedand will be on the roadwaysoon. 10 LED headlamps offer a flexiblemechanism to tailor spectrum.Current headlamp designs utilize anarray of LED sources to make up thebeam pattern.This allows for the useof different LED sources, with differentspectral properties, to producelight on different parts of the roadway.For example, the edge of thebeam can be spectrally tuned toincrease mesopic visual performancewhile the middle of the beam can bespectrally tailored to reduce discomfortglare to oncoming drivers.Further, the individual LED sourcescan be turned on and off to producean active beam pattern. For instance,when an oncoming vehicle approaches,the spectrum of a beam patterncould be changed in the region correspondingto the oncoming lane toreduce discomfort glare. Once thevehicle has passed the beam patterncould be changed back to its originalstate to increase visibility on the leftedge of the road.Do the spectra of LED sourcesaffect discomfort glare and visibility?Research is currently ongoing todetermine the effects of LED spectraon discomfort glare under nighttimedriving conditions.Therefore, it is tooearly to speculate on the discomfortglare aspect of LED headlamps.Recent research has shown, however,that white LEDs can offer anadvantage over halogen sources foroff-axis visual performance. 11 In thisstudy, a representative sample ofphosphor-based LEDs, of the appropriatefor vehicle lighting applications,were spectrally measured.Figure 1 shows the measuredchromaticity coordinates of the LEDtest samples along with the manufacture’schromaticity bins (i.e., Y 0 ,Y A ,X 1 ) and the SAE white box.Similar spectral measurements wereperformed on a representative halogensource for comparison.From the spectral measurementsthe mesopic luminance values werecalculated through the methods outlinedby Rea et al. 2 The relative photopicand scotopic luminances weredetermined from the spectral measurements.Fromthis, scotopic to photopic(S/P) ratios were ascertained.The S/P ratio is a quantity that indicates,on a relative basis, how well asource can stimulate the rod photoreceptors.Sources with a higher S/Pratio are stronger stimuli for the rodsand,therefore,result in higher mesopicluminances as the light level decreases.Once the S/P ratios were determinedfor each source the mesopicluminance was calculated as a functionof adaptation luminance. Thedifference in mesopic luminancebetween the LED test samples andthe halogen source is illustrated inFigure 2.This figure shows the calculatedincrease in efficiency of theLED samples (labeled by their chromaticitybins shown in Figure 1) atdifferent light levels. As light leveldecreases, the LEDs offer greaterpotential increase in performance.The amount of benefit variesbetween the LEDs and depends onthe S/P ratio.At a light level of 0.1 cdper sq m (not uncommon for nighttimedriving conditions) the LEDwith an S/P ratio of 2.31 (bin Y 0 )results in an approximately 30 percentincrease over halogen in terms24 thAnnualIESNA Streetand Area LightingConferenceSAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIAOCTOBER 2-5, 2005TheLIGHTINGAUTHORITY ®www.iesna.orgAugust 2005 LD+A 13

RESEARCH MATTERSof mesopic luminance.The LED withthe lowest S/P ratio of 1.68 (bin V 1 )still results in a ~10 percentincrease over halogen in mesopicluminance at this light level.ConclusionsHeadlamp systems of the futurewill be much different from the sealedbeam headlamps many of us havegrown up with. New AFS technologyin terms of sources (such as LEDs),sensors, and actuators will allowheadlamps to provide beam patternsthat, both actively and passively,address current roadway visibilityissues.The spectral distribution of theheadlamp beam pattern will play a bigrole in addressing these issues as onemore tool a lighting designer can useto increase visibility and reduce discomfortglare. Further, these newspectral tools are not limited to headlampdesign; they can be used in muchthe same way to address issues withstreet lighting and other elements ofthe roadway visibility system.References1. Van Derlofske, J. 2003. HighIntensity Discharge Headlamps:Balancing Visibility vs. Glare? Light.Des.App. (LD+A). 33(4):17-19.2. Rea, M. S., Bullough, J. D.,Freyssinier-Nova, J. P., Bierman, A.2004. A Proposed Unified System ofPhotometry. Lighting Research andTechnology 36(2): 85-111.3.Van Derlofske, J. and Bullough, J.D.2003.Spectral effects of high-intensitydischarge automotive forwardlighting on visual performance.Lighting Technology SP-1787, Societyof Automotive Engineers.4. Van Derlofske, J., Dyer, D., andBullough, J. D. 2003. Visual benefits ofblue-coated lamps for automotive forwardlighting. Lighting Technology SP-1787,Society of Automotive Engineers.5. Bouma, P. J. 1936.The problem ofglare in highway lighting. PhilipsTechnical Review 1: 225-229.6.Bullough,J.D.,Fu,Z.,Van Derlofske,J. 2002. Discomfort and disability glarefrom halogen and HID headlamp systems.Society of Automotive Engineers(Paper 2002-01-0010).7. Flannagan, M. J. 1999. Subjectiveand Objective Aspects of HeadlampGlare: Effects of Size and SpectralPower Distribution, Report UMTRI-99-36.Ann Arbor, MI8. Rea,M. S., Bierman,A., McGowan,T.,Dickey,F.and Havard,J.1997. A fieldtest comparing the effectiveness ofmetal halide and high pressure sodiumilluminants under mesopic conditions.International Conference onVisual Scales,Teddington, UK.9. Wilde, G. (1994). Target Risk:Dealing with the Danger of Death,Diseaseand Damage in Everyday Decisions. PDEPublications,Toronto.10.Van Derlofske, J. 2004. Researchmatters: Light emitting diode headlampsright around the bend? Light.Des.App. (LD+A). 34(7):9-11.11. Van Derlofske, J., Bullough, J. D.,Watkinson, J. 2005. Spectral effects ofLED forward lighting. Accepted. 2005International Symposium on AutomotiveLighting. Darmstadt Germany.Konica Minoltaad1/2 H14 www.iesna.org

LIGHTING FOR SECURITYTed AkeAPPLICATIONS OF SECURITYlighting will usually fall into one offour categories: controlled sites,multi-family residences, single-familyresidences or public spaces. Thisarticle will cover the first three.1. Controlled Sites. These areas,such as factories, military bases andprivate office buildings, are closed tothe general public, access being permittedonly to authorized employeesor specific visitors.Entrances: Depending on thelevel of concern,access may be casualor strict; but in all instances, lightingmust be provided to accuratelyidentify all individuals entering thefacility.Where strict control is required,guards must have ample light tocheck badges, vehicle licenses andpapers, and inspect trucks and loads.Great care must be taken to ensurethat guards do not lose visual adaptationas they move outside.Guardhouses should have dimmableinterior lighting, and paper-basedtasks should be limited to areasaway from viewing windows andCCTV monitors. Signage shoulddirect approaching vehicles to extinguishheadlights.Perimeters: Areas surroundingthe facility will normally be protectedby fences or walls, often out ofsight of security officers. Lightingshould be provided for CCTV surveillance.For energy conservationand to surprise intruders, incandescentfloodlights controlled bymotion sensors can be effective.For areas within sight,floodlightingshould be aimed outward towardthe perimeter. Care must be takento prevent light pollution and lighttrespass onto adjacent property.2. Multi-family Residences.Theseareas may include upscale to lowincomeapartments, dormitories andhousing for the elderly; but all havesimilar security concerns. Not onlymust outdoor areas be madesecure, but corridors and commonareas must also be designed toreduce opportunities for criminalactivity. In general, physical barriersshould allow only entrance to residents,employees, deliveries or invitedguests.Residents should be urgedto report any suspicious charactersor non-functioning lighting equipment.Wherepossible, CCTV shouldcover all areas except within individualapartments.Exterior: Doors leading into thebuilding should be kept locked at alltimes, with access gained only byindividual key. Walkways leading toentrances, trash disposal locationsand exterior mailboxes should bewell-lighted and shrubbery trimmedto prevent hiding places for potentialintruders.All lighting should be controlledautomatically.Interior: “Is the personapproaching me a guest, a neighboror an intruder?” “Am I safe in thelaundry room or gym?” “Who isknocking on my door?” These areconstant concerns as residentsmove outside the safety of individualapartments. Corridors and gatheringareas are of extra concern.Lighting for good facial recognitionFulham1/2 horiz16 www.iesna.org

LIGHTING FOR SECURITYDoes this apartment owner thinkhe has a well-lighted parking area?must be provided and maintainedboth along the corridor and asviewed through the mandatorypeephole. Gathering areas such aslaundry rooms, locker rooms andgymnasiums must have adequateillumination and employ lockedglass-paneled doors to reduce intrusionand permit observation fromoutside. Storage and maintenancerooms should be locked, with accessonly to authorized personnel.Parking areas: While gates andbarricades can aid in controllingSea Gull1/3 sqaccess for vehicles, it is extremely difficultto restrict individual intruders.Proper lighting, both as to quantityand uniformity, must be installed andregularly maintained (see IESNA G-1-03,Section 7.2.4).Extra care in designis essential to prevent light trespassinto residents’ windows. These areasare fertile ground for abduction, burglary,assault and rape, usually againstresidents entering or exiting on foot.Such crimes are not only traumaticto the victim, but can result in verylarge financial penalties to owners.Elderly housing: All of the concernsdiscussed previously apply tohousing for our aging population. Inaddition, there are problems of sightand hearing impairment, as well as ageneral slowing down both physicallyand mentally. For the visuallyimpaired, higher, well-shielded illuminancelevels should be provided,especially in corridors and stairways.Parking garages require increasedlevels, especially at entrance andegress locations.3. Single-family Residences. Thiscategory can extend from a simplecottage to a very large mansion, withsecurity varying from an off-on switchto elaborate systems. Regardless ofthe situation, the goal is to provide“the appearance of life” to cause apotential intruder to look elsewhere.Entrances: These should useluminaires on both sides of the doorto provide the best visibility for facialidentification through a peephole orglass panel. If space does not allowfor two units, the single unit must belocated on the latch side of thedoor. Overhead lighting is not recommendedas it distorts the appearanceof the visitor. Porch lights lefton around-the-clock are a clear signalthat no one is at home.Interior: The appearance of lifecan best be attained by time switchesthat control individual lampsaccording to the time of night:kitchen area in early evening,TV andcasual units later, followed by bedroomsetc. Overnight corridor orbathroom units can be used.All lightsshould be off during daylight hours.Exterior: This is best served byfloodlights controlled by motion sensorswith photocells to prevent daytimeoperation.This system uses lowcostincandescent lamps that usuallyoperate for only a few minutes at atime except when the area is beingused for recreation.Systems are availablethat, in addition to turning onexterior floodlights, add interiorlights and sounds of a barking dog.Many new subdivisions are beingbuilt with no street lighting.Especially in these areas, developersare urged to provide security lightingon individual homes as anotheramenity along with air-conditioning,appliances, fireplaces etc.The next articles in this series willfeature public spaces,such as parkingfacilities, ATM and conveniencestores.Ted Ake, a Member Emeritus ofIESNA, is currently an adjunct professorin the Building Construction Departmentat Virginia Tech, serves on theInterior Design Department’s AdvisoryBoard at Radford University and is alecturer for the Virginia Crime PreventionAssociation. He retired fromHubbell Lighting in 2000.18 www.iesna.org

VOLUME 35, NUMBER 8 • August 2005ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETYNEWSMembers In The News...Megan Carroll (left) has joined Bruck Lighting Systems, Costa Mesa, CA, as the northeastregional sales director for territories from Delaware to Maine.John Green, of PCI Lighting Controls, South Burlington,VT, was awarded a Certificate ofGrateful Appreciation for valuable service from Howard Lewis, chairperson of the IESNAProgress Committee, and William Hanley, executive vice president of the Society.The certificatewas presented to Green at the recent Progress CommitteeSubmittal Review Meeting.Howard Lewis was inducted into the Fellowship of the IES Philadelphia Section. TheFellowship is an Honor Society that recognizes those members who give significantly oftheir time and energy for the furtherance of the Section. In other news, the Section namedAngela Nudy of Penn State University the recipient of the Philadelphia Section scholarship.Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc, Little Neck, NY, has appointed Dennis French to theposition of lighting controls sales specialist for the metropolitan New York area. In othernews, Leviton named Mike Hadank distribution Mid-Atlantic district sales manager and RickGavenda district sales manager for the company’s Voice and Data Division, Mid-Atlanticregion.W.A.C. Lighting, Garden City, NY, promoted Gloria Yonkin to chief financial officer.Michael Smith was promoted to area sales vice president for the Atlantic area for LutronElectronics, Co., Inc., Coopersburg, PA.IESNACalendar of EventsOctober 2-5, 2005STREET & AREALIGHTING CONFERENCESan Diego, CAJanuary 8-10, 2006IESNA CENTENNIALCONFERENCEContact:Valerie Landers212-248-5000 ext.117www.iesna.orgNew MembersMembership Committee ChairPaul Mercier announced theIESNA gained one SustainingMember and 36 members (M),associate members and studentmembers in June.Sustaining MembersClimar Industria De Iluminacao SA,Agueda,PortugalCanadian RegionDaniel Chevalier, Dellux Technologies Inc.,Bois-des-Filion, QCMark E. Lukeman, C.J. MacLellan &Associates,Antigonish, NSHumber CollegeNatalie HernandezEast Central RegionKris Smith, Hanover Lantern, Hanover, PAChristie Trexler, Ballinger, Philadelphia, PAGreat Lakes RegionRobert B. Arbetman (M),A&B Engineering,Byron Center, MILynne M. Bosgraaf (M), LightingCorporation, Grandhaven, MIRoland Burke, Main Street LightingStandards, Medina, OHKellis Coffman (M), Holophane, Newark,OHJoseph Dombrowski (M), M/E Engineering,P.C., Rochester, NYKevin M. King (M), CMA Engineering,Charleston,WVWilliam Szafarczyk (M), M/E EngineeringPC, Buffalo, NYSouth Pacific Coast RegionScot J. Domini, Nevada Lighting, Reno, NVDaniel C. Glaser (M), Berkeley, CAJeff B. Graham, JG Electrical Consulting,Frenso, CAJames Highgate (M), Holophane, Las Vegas,NVFred Macarai (M), Chris LM Design, Inc.,Culver City, CAMargo M. Saenz,Tucson,AZMichael D. Stapleford,Vollmer-GrayEnginering Laboratories, Signal Hill, CABridget Williams (M), Bridget Williams lightingDesign,Apple Valley, CAJames A.Wronkiewicz (M), Lincoln, CAEric S.Yap (M), City of Sacramento, Rocklin,CAMidwest RegionBarry Dixon Jr., Holophane, DownersGrove, ILRandy Goffin (M), KJWW EngineeringConsultants, St Louis, MIScott S. Hussar, Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.,Crystal Lake, ILDavid R. Leslie (M),All Lighting Inc.,Milwaukee,WIGeorge V. Smith, Holophane Lighting,Gladstone, MOStephen H.Vo, Professional EngineeringConsultants, P.A.,Wichita, KSMilwaukee School of EngineeringThor S. MiskoSoutheastern RegionJoseph F. Birch,Architectural Sales &Illumination, Jacksonville, FLTiffany A. Jones, Bayside Lighting, StPetersburg, FLRobert J.White,Alabama Power Company,Birmingham,ALMississippi State UniversityB. Joseph Groner IIINortheastern RegionHeather L. Condon (M),Vermont EnergyInvestment Corp, Burlington,VTNorthwest RegionBritish Columbia Institute of TechnologyTheodora CarsonSeattle Pacific UniversitySarah Marie WagnerAugust 2005 LD+A 21

Allscape1/2 VSUSTAININGMEMBERSThe following companies haveelected to support the Societyas Sustaining Members whichallows the IESNA to fundprograms that benefit allsegments of the membership andpursue new endeavors, includingeducation projects, lightingresearch and recommendedpractices. The level of support isclassified by the amount ofannual dues, based on acompany’s annual lightingrevenues:Copper:$500 annual duesLighting revenues to $4 million(Copper members are listed inone issue of LD+A each year, aswell as in the IESNA AnnualReport.)Silver:$1,000 annual duesLighting revenues to $10 millionGold:$2,500 annual duesLighting revenues to $50 millionPlatinum:$5,000 annual duesLighting revenues to $200 millionEmerald:$10,000 annual duesLighting revenues to $500 millionDiamond:$15,000 annual duesLighting revenues over $500 millionDIAMONDCooper LightingGeneral Electric Co.Lithonia LightingOSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc.Philips Lighting Co.EMERALDHolophane CorporationPLATINUMDay-Brite Capri OmegaLightolierLutron Electronics Co, Inc.GOLDA.L.P. Lighting Components Co.Altman Lighting IncThe Bodine CompanyCon-Tech LightingDuke Power Co.Edison Price Lighting, Inc.Finelite, Inc.Florida Power Lighting SolutionsGardco LightingIndy Lighting, Inc.Kenall Mfg Co.The Kirlin CompanyKurt Versen Co.LexaLite Int’l CorpLighting Services IncLiteTouch, Inc.Louis Poulsen LightingLSI Industries, Inc.Lucifer Lighting Co.Martin Professional, Inc.Musco Sports Lighting, Inc.Niagara Mohawk Power CorpPrudential Lighting CorpRAB Lighting, Inc.San Diego Gas & ElectricSPI LightingVista Professional Outdoor LightingZumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.SILVERArdron-Mackie LimitedAssociated Lighting Representatives. Inc.Atofina Chemicals, Inc.Axis Lighting Inc.Bartco Lighting, Inc.Barth Electric Co., Inc.The Belfer GroupBeta Lighting, Inc.Birchwood Lighting, Inc.BJB Electric CorporationBorder States Electric SupplyBulbrite Industries, Inc.Canlyte Inc.Celestial ProductsCity of San FranciscoCon Edison of New YorkCustom Lighting Services, LLCCustom Lights, Inc.Day Lite Maintenance Co.Defense Supply Center PhiladelphiaEastern Energy Services, Inc.Eclipse Lighting, Inc.Elko LtdElliptiparEnterprise Lighting SalesETC ArchitecturalEye Lighting IndustriesEye Lighting Int’l of NAFiberstarsFocal PointGammalux SystemsH E Williams, Inc.Illuminating Technologies, Inc.Kramer LightingLee FiltersLegion Lighting Co.Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc.Lightology LLCLiteTechLitecontrol CorpLitelab CorpLitetronics Int’l Inc.Lowel Light ManufacturingManitoba HydroManning LightingMetalumen Manufacturing, Inc.New York State Energy Research &Development AuthorityOCEM/Multi Electric Mfg. Inc.Optical Research AssociatesParamount Industries, Inc.Peter Basso Associates, Inc.Portland General ElectricPrescolite, Inc.Reflex Lighting Group, Inc.Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. -CalgaryRichard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. -EdmontonSentry Electric CorporationShakespeare Composites & StructuresSolar Outdoor LightingSouthern California EdisonSternberg Vintage LightingStrand Lighting, Inc.StressCrete King Luminaire Co.Tennessee Valley AuthorityUniversal Electric Ltd.US Architectural Lighting/Sun Valley LightingUtility MetalsWJ Whatley Inc.WAC Lighting, Co.Wisconsin Public Service CorpWybron, Inc.Xenon Light, Inc.IES SUSTAININGMEMBERSAs of June 200522 www.iesna.org

Join NowMEMBERSHIP APPLICATION❑ Member ❑ Associate ❑ Student❑ Subscribing Member❑ Subscribing Associate❑ Mr. ❑ Ms.First Name________________________Last Name ______________________________Company ________________________________________________________________Address: business/home (circle one) __________________________________________City/State/Zip ____________________________________________________________Business Phone ( )_____________________________Fax ( ) ________________Home Phone ( )________________________________________________________E–Mail_______________________________________Date of Birth _________________Professional Affiliations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________College _________________________________________________________________Degree/Course of Study ____________________________________________________Date of graduation (mm/dd/yyyy) _____________________________________________All applicants must include this information.STUDENT applicants must be full–time. A copy of your college ID or bursar’s receipt mustbe included with this application.Employment experience:Include employer, position responsibilities, title and date. You may attach a resumeinstead of using the space below. Attach additional sheets if necessary.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Membership services will be received upon payment.❑ Check enclosed ❑ Bill meCharge to my ❑ American Express ❑ Mastercard ❑ VisaAccount No ______________________________________________________________Signature of applicant ______________________________________________________Exp. date_____________ _ _ _ _ _ Amount $ ___________________Name of sponsor (OPTIONAL) _______________________________________________Sponsor IESNA Member No._________________________________________________NOTE: A SPONSOR must be an IESNA member in good standing who supports anindividual's application for membership. Having a sponsor is not a prerequisite for membership.Payment MethodCredit card: IESNA charges the US dollar amount. Your credit card company determines the exchangerate. Check: Payment must be in US dollars drawn on a US bank or Canadian dollars drawn on a Canadianbank, international bank, or postal money order. Please make check payable to the IESNA. Mail payment andcompleted application to the address below:IESNA Membership Department, 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005-4001TheLIGHTINGAUTHORITY ®The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America is the recognizedtechnical authority on illumination. The strength of the IESNA is its diversifiedmembership — engineers, architects, designers, educators, students, contractors, distributors, utility personnel, manufacturers,and scientists. The society publishes nearly 100 authoritative publications, including recommended practices on avariety of applications, design guides, technical memoranda, and publications on energy management and lighting measurement.And, all IESNA publications are available to members at a 30% discount. IESNA also publishes Lighting Design+ Application (LD+A). Sent to members free of charge, LD+A is a popular applications-oriented monthly magazine that featuresnews of practical and innovative lighting layouts, systems, equipment and economics, and of the industry and more.You may also apply formembership online atwww.iesna.orgIMPORTANT INFORMATION(Please check ONE in each category.Your application cannot beprocessed without this information.)Principal business of your firm:❑ Architecture❑ Consultant❑ Lighting design❑ Government❑ Electrical Utility, includinggovernment owned❑ Education❑ Electrical Distributor or Wholesaler❑ Electrical Contractor❑ Manufacturer of Sources❑ Manufacturer of Luminaires andPortable Lamps❑ Manufacturer of LightingAccessories or Materials❑ Manufacturer's Representative❑ Interior Design❑ General User (non-lighting mfr.,store, theater, etc.)❑ Facility Management❑ Testing Laboratory❑ Energy Services❑ Construction/Building Contractors❑ Other________________________Your title or position:❑ President, partner, owner,corporate officer❑ Manager, general, plant,production, etc.❑ Lighting Engineer❑ Engineer, registered❑ Architect❑ Independent consultant❑ Salesperson❑ Facility Manager❑ Lighting Designer❑ Marketing Manager❑ Product Manager❑ Advertising Manager❑ Professor, educator❑ Researcher❑ Student❑ Other________________________FOR IESNA OFFICE USE ONLYDate: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _IESNA #: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _0705

ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICAMEMBERSHIPMEMBERShall be a graduate from an accredited fouryearprogram with a degree in the art or scienceof illumination. In addition, applicantshould be actively engaged for a least fiveyears (with LC, four years) in a professionalcapacity in a field related to illumination.ORHave made some valuable contribution tothe art or science of illuminating engineeringor to its literature.ORBe actively engaged for at least ten years(with LC, eight years) in the practice orteaching of illumination or directly relatedfields.ASSOCIATEShall be interested in the mission of theSociety and be at least eighteen years ofage. An Associate is entitled to all currentprivileges and benefits, but shall notserve on the Board of Directors, as aRegional Vice President, or as aCommittee Chairperson.STUDENTShall be registered full-time in a college oruniversity for study toward a degree in engineering,science, fine arts, architecture,interior design or other related fields, orenrolled full-time in an accredited two yeartechnical school whose curriculum is relatedto illumination. A Student shall be entitled toall current privileges and benefits, but shallnot have the right to vote or to hold electiveoffice, except in a Student Chapter.SUSTAINING MEMBERIndividuals, institutions and companies interestedin providing additional support to theSociety’s technical, educational and researchactivities may elect Sustaining Membership.This highly regarded membership categoryhas six classifications that are based on thelevel of dues paid. They are Diamond,Emerald, Platinum, Gold, Silver and Copper,and each has benefits above and beyondthose of other member categories. For completeinformation contact the MembershipDepartment at 212-248-5000 ext. 117 or contactthe IESNA at www.iesna.org.SUBSCRIBINGINDIVIDUAL(Member or Associate grade- see above)IESNA offers individual members thechance to receive the Lighting Library aspart of an individual membership status. Allindividual subscribing members are entitledto the same privileges as a Member orAssociate Member. Annual dues are $550for the first year and $350 for subsequentyears. Membership includes the entireIESNA Lighting Library (over 50 publications)and the Lighting Handbook at the initialtime of enrollment. Subsequent enrollmentincludes updated publications duringthe dues year.ANNUAL DUESMember or Associate:$170 US $210 Canadian*Subscribing Member or Associate:$550 US (first year) $350 US(subsequentyears)$680 Canadian* $435 Canadian*(first year)(subsequentyears)Student: $20.00 US $25.00Canadian** Canadian exchange ratereviewed periodically.0705You may also apply for membership online at www.iesna.orgCall Fax OnlineR212-248-5000 ext 101 Q 212-248-5017 o www.iesna.org

INDUSTRY UPDATESHybrid Fixture Joins LED and Incandescent SourcesA hybrid fixture—developed through a partnership of industry, academia and government—will be tested inlocations ranging from a California apartment complex to the Grand Canyon and Yosemite National Parks.The fixture combines LED and incandescent sources, and is suitable for exterior entry and walkway applications.Thoseinvolved in concept development include Shaper Lighting, the Watt Stopper, the California LightingTechnology Center and the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD).The project was conducted as part of the California Energy Commission’sPublic Interest energy Research (PIER) program.The fixture is now beingmarketed by Shaper Lighting.The fixture was developed as an alternative in entryway/walkway applicationsto incandescent lamps (which are inexpensive and small but mayburn out quickly, causing security concerns) and compact fluorescent lamps(which are more efficient than incandescent but cost more and can be difficultto fit into existing fixtures).The hybrid LED/incandescent fixture withan integrated occupancy sensor addresses both energy and security concerns.Afive-watt amber LED runs continuously during the night; the occupancysensor turns on the 75-W incandescent lamp only when motion isdetected, flooding the area with warm, bright light.After a few minutes, theoccupancy sensor turns off the incandescent lamp, while the LED arraycontinues to run.Energy savings will depend on usage patterns. For example, in a 10-hournighttime period, if the incandescent lamp burned for one hour and theLED burned continuously, the total energy use would be 125 watt-hours.As for maintenance, the LED source has an expected life of 50,000 hours—that’s more than 13 years at 10hours on per night.The incandescent lamp has a much shorter life, on the order of 1000 hours, but reducedon-time means that it can go a long time without burning out—almost three years at one hour on per night.The field demonstration at the apartment complex will be conducted in cooperation with SMUD.Researchers will monitor energy use before and after 50 units are installed. The installations at the GrandCanyon and Yosemite will address both efficiency and light pollution, which are issues at both parks.Reports documenting this project and providing more details may be downloaded fromwww.energy.ca.gov/pier/buildings/projects/500-01-041-0-2-2_1.html and www.archenergy.com/lrp/products/ledhybrid.htmHello, My Pretty...FixturesFor the Broadway production of Wicked, the lighting design waswrapped around the theme of creating a supernatural world that transportsthe audience to a time unseen. In order to achieve an “Oz-ian”effect, lighting designer Kenneth Posner selected 75 spot and wash luminairesfrom Varilite. “The fixtures offered a large number of patternoptions and the colors, especially in the warm pastel range,” said Posner.“The color of the set is actually gray and earth toned. All the color yousee the scenery bathed in comes from lighting.”Shipments OfLighting ProductsOn The Rise, NEMAIndex FindsThe NEMA Lighting Systems Index,a composite measure of its membercompanies’ U.S. shipments of lightingproducts, increased 1.4 percent in thefirst quarter of 2005, partially regainingthe declines that occurred in thetwo prior quarters. Although theindex remains below its peak reachedat the end of the late 1990s economicboom, it has increased 2.1 percentfrom a year ago and has also regainedmore than six percent from thetrough in early 2003.August 2005 LD+A 25

INDUSTRY UPDATESLRC AnnouncesLutron ScholarshipAward RecipientThe Lighting Research Center(LRC) at Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute, Troy, NY, awardedKenneth Appleman its 2005 LutronScholarship. Appleman is a secondyear student in LRC’s Master ofScience in lighting program.His research will merge lightingautomation technology with thestudy of light and health, developingadvanced methods for applyinglight that are effective to the body’scircadian system. Applications forhis research include treatments forsleep disorders and seasonal affectivedisorder (SAD). The funds areused to offset the cost of tuition fora graduate student in the LRC’sMaster of Science in lighting programwho demonstrates outstandingacademic performance andstrong leadership abilities, as well asa commitment to research inadvanced lighting technologies orlighting controls.The scholarship issupported by a $20,000 grant fromLutron Electronics Co., Inc.,Coopersburg, PA, and has beenawarded annually since 1996.Architects Honored with Design AwardHodgetts + Fung Design and Architecture was honored with a CivicAward for its redesign of the Hollywood Bowl at the Los AngelesBusiness Council’s 35th Annual Los Angeles Architecture Award program.As design architect for the new Hollywood Bowl, Hodgetts +Fung Design retained the amphitheater’s glamor, while designing a shellthat is 30 percent larger, a ceiling that is 60 ft higher, state-of-the-artacoustics and various optical illusions, all while keeping the Bowl’strademark identity in place.Sea Gull LightingAnnounces Winners ofDesign CompetitionSea Gull Lighting Products, Inc., announced thewinners of the First Annual Ambiance DesignCompetition.The five award winners were selectedfrom entries based upon applications that usedambiance lighting systems. Pictured is the design byfirst place winner, Professional Lighting and Design,Greensboro, NC, which used ambiance rail, pendantand fluorescent lighting in the redesign of a luxurykitchen in local Greensboro. The deadline for theSecond Annual Ambiance Design Competition callfor entries is October 31. For more informationcontact William Chelak at 732-541-8471 or email:wchelak@seagulllighting.com26 www.iesna.org

GSA AnnouncesLC MandateThe U.S. General Services Administration(GSA) has announced that lighting inall federal buildings shall be designed by alighting certified (LC) practitioner. Thisrecognition of the National Council onQualifications for the Lighting Professions(NCQLP) LC program is now included inGSA’s “Facilities Standards for PublicBuildings Service.”NCQLP has also announced that the2005 LC examination will be held onNovember 5. The final deadline for registrationis September 23. For more informationgo to the website www.ncqlp.orgDemo RoomsImmerse SpecifiersIn LightOn the heels of its custom-made RT5demonstration room at LIGHTFAIR2005, Lithonia Lighting has opened 67demonstration rooms across the U.S.and Canada.The demonstration rooms are outfittedwith both standard parabolics and RT5 fixtures,so customers can compare illuminationlevels in a single space. Based on theconcept of volumetric lighting, RT5 produceslight that extends beyond the workplane to adequately illuminate the entiretyof the interior, resulting in a better balanceof luminance throughout the visual field.The space feels brighter, larger and morerelaxing. Facial rendering is more natural,consistent and complimentary. Shadowstend to be softer and less pronounced andthe space appears to have fewer sharp,arbitrary transitions in surface brightness.According to Jim Benya, president ofBenya Lighting, “RT5 represents a paradigmshift in lighting that comes alongonce every 10 to 15 years. It’s the firstrecessed fluorescent fixture in a longtime that is ‘cool.’ ” For the LithoniaLighting RT5 demo room locator, visitwww.lithonia.com/RT5ThomasResearchProducts2/3 Vert AdAugust 2005 LD+A 27

applications & solutions •Rooms WithA ViewPhotos: Rob Muir Inc.The Project: Residential spacelocated in The Warwick TowersCondominium, Houston, TXThe Challenge: Create asensible and pleasing lightingtheme that highlighted themajor views of the city anddowntown skylineThe Solution: Recessed lighting,strip lights daylightingcontrols and variousdecorative lighting elementsAfter investigating severalcondominiums in Houston’smuseum district, the owners of a2750 sq ft space located on the14th floor of the WarwickTowers were pleased to find aresidence that offered majorviews of the city and easy accessto the district.Kenney Nickerson Design,Johnson Blohm Associates Inc.(interior design) and Steve HoodBuilders (general contractor)were selected to implement theclient’s desired design and layoutgoals. Once the design was inmotion, the next concern wasthe lighting. Jim Stephens ofIlluminating Lighting Design,Houston,TX, said it was importantthat the interior lightingaccent the night views ofHermann Park,the Texas MedicalCenter and the downtown skyline.“This was accomplished byusing all directional recessedlighting and the use of shades ontable lamps and decorative lighting,”said Stephens.A key aspect in this projectwas the use of field testing toassure that each lighting application was successful. Edward Rogers, of Edward RogersArchitects, Houston,TX, explained that a typical problem with illuminating a kitchenthat consists of a highly polished countertop and backsplash–particularly with darkcolor granite involved–is the risk of shadow lines and reflections.“By using the puck plus lights [fromSea Gull Lighting],which had cut off louvers,to light the counter we were able to cut the reflected glare,”said Rogers.“This also allowed the xenon strips [Phantom Lighting] to be placed in exactly the rightspot to provide an even wash of light on the backsplash.” This was the first time the designer used thecombination of the xenon strip and puck lights together as a solution. Although Rogers was confidentin its success, the field testing was an important process as it set the ideal placement of each componentand got the maximum benefit from common fixtures.When the adjustable shelves with strip lights along the leading edge are above eye level, particularlyat seated height, the lamps themselves start to become more visible as the shelf gets higher.Theshielding flange of the light strips needed to hang well below the upper shelves to provide a deepercut off. Rogers said the flange itself became more exposed in the process and was painted a customcolor in order to blend in.Most lighting needs were met by sunlight during the day. “Roll shades, black out draperies andopaque sliding panels handled low sun angles, said Rogers.“All of these components were operatedby the low-voltage control system [from Lutron Homeworks], which allowed the fixtures to be relativelysubtle as task, art and display lighting in combination with floor and table lamps.”—John-Michael KobesAugust 2005 LD+A 29

• applications & solutionsThe Project: A seawall in FortLauderdale, FLThe Challenge: Replace andupdate the previous fiberoptic system with a moremodern product that possesseddurability andlongevityThe Solution: Fiber opticlightingSee Me Now, Says SeawallFort Lauderdale’s coastline boasts more than seven miles ofsparkling beaches. Highlighting the signature beachfront promenadeis the city’s famous seawall.Constructed in the mid-1980s, the seawall was equippedwith fiber optic materials built directly into the wall. As theyears went by, troubles surfaced with the seawall.“It was a greatsuccess as far as appeal, but unfortunately neither the illuminatorsnor the fiber could hold up to the extreme conditions ofsand and salt air at the beach,” said Stan Cohen of FloridaArchitectural Lighting.Instead of replacing the fiber optics in the two-mile stretch ofthe sea wall and facing the same maintenance issues, the citydecided to dedicate one year for testing the latest in fiber opticproducts. After experimenting with a number of manufacturers, the city determinedFiberstars’ Efficient Fiber Optics (EFO) System was the only product thatcould meet its demands–particularly due to the illuminators not needing anyfans and the newer upgraded fibers available.The EFO technology encompasses a new Compound Parabolic Collector(CPC) optic that surrounds the core of the 68-W HID lamp. Due to the lowwattagelamp, the illuminator is completely sealed and suitable for wet locations.Fiberstars’ cast aluminum illuminators feature one port and a four-colorwheel that changes colors as desired with the lamp rated for 8000 hours.Thetwo-mile wall installation required 112 of these illuminators with 10,000 ft ofFiberstars’ BritePak stranded fiber.The city prepared the wall before the new installation by cleaning out theold fiber and illuminators, and checking electrical connections.The test forthe new fibers was done almost three years ago, but was delayed becauseof the city’s budget constraints. Fort Lauderdale’s Beach Commission gotinvolved in raising the extra funds by asking many of the hotels in the areato offer a contribution.The entire installation took about three weeks to complete and theupdated fiber optic seawall was glowing and flowing in February 2005.—John-Michael Kobes30 www.iesna.org

IIDAIIDA COMMITTEECHAIRMAN:Jerry Mobilio, e-Lumen International Inc.SECRETARY:Phil Santia, e-Lumen International Inc.MEMBERS:Jean Black, PPL Services Corp.Renee Green, Shaper LightingJohn Harpest, Heapy EngineeringHoward Kosowsky,Power & Lighting SystemsDenis Lavoie, LUMEC Inc.Patricia Lawson, Beta-Calco Inc.Robert McCullyJames Mewes, Cooper LightingDonald Newquist, Comfort Engineering, Inc.Zoe Taylor, Sebesta BlombergJim Toole, Cooper LightingLorinda Walters Flores, Kramer LightingADVISORY MEMBERS:Lawrence AyersRobert CarlsonSandra Frederich, Wards & Jacobs Inc.Peter Romaniello, Conceptual LightingMary Tatum2005 IIDA INTERNATIONAL JUDGES:Lisa Bertolino, Lightolier Inc.Connie Jensen, Lighting Professionals Inc.Candace Kling, CM Kling & Associates Inc.Ann Reo, io LightingStephen Thomson, Thomson ArchitectsAWARDS052005 International Illumination Design AwardsThe IIDA program recognizes individuals for professionalism, ingenuity andoriginality in lighting design based on the individual merit of each entry.Judges are selected from a broad professional spectrum representing knowledgeof lighting and design excellence. The judging system is entirely basedon how well the lighting design meets the program criteria. The IIDA programis not a competition.The IIDAs comprise four parallel programs:• The awards for interior lighting honor the memory of fixture manufacturerEdwin F. Guth, who held 147 patents at the time of his death in 1962.• The Paul Waterbury Awards for Outdoor Lighting honor Waterbury’sachievements, including the development of 1200-W metal halide lampsfor stadium use.• The Aileen Page Cutler Memorial Award for Residential Lighting Designhonors the developer of new and creative ways to light residences.• The Energy and Environmental Design Award sponsored by OSRAMSYLVANIA recognizes quality lighting installations in commercial andindustrial buildings that incorporate advanced energy-saving strategiesand environmentally responsible solutions into the overall design.Each of the four award programs comprises several levels. Section Awardsacknowledge commendable achievement in lighting design at the local level.Regional Awards of Merit are given in recognition of meritorious contributionsto lighting design. Those projects receiving a score of 85 or greater at theregional level continue on to be judged at the international level.There are three awards given by the panel of international judges. TheSpecial Citation recognizes superior elements of an outstanding lightingdesign or, in some instances, the use of lighting as an art form. The Awardof Excellence is presented for an exceptional contribution to the art and scienceof lighting design. The Award of Distinction honors extraordinaryachievement in lighting design. This award is optional and is given at thediscretion of the judges.August 2005 LD+A 33

IIDAAWARDS05EDWIN F. GUTH MEMORIAL AWARDS FOR INTERIOR LIGHTING DESIGNAward of ExcellenceDAVID L. LAWRENCECONVENTION CENTERDesigners: Keith J. Yancey, Paul A. ZaferiouCompany: Lam Partners Inc.Owner: Sports & Exhibition Authority ofPittsburgh and Allegheny CountyPhotography: Stephen M. LeePROJECT AT A GLANCELEED Gold-certified, this conventioncenter, located on the Allegheny River inPittsburgh, PA, has been hailed as the“world’s largest green building.” In adeparture from typical convention centerdesign, spaces are primarily daylit withphotocell-controlled fluorescent lightingreinforcing the building’s bridge-like concept.Award of ExcellenceFLEX SYSTEMSDesigners: Derek Porter, Katrina All,Katie GreenCompany: Derek Porter StudioPhotography: Mike SinclairPROJECT AT A GLANCEThis self-storage industrial building in ablighted area of Topeka, KS, uses both naturaland electric illumination sources. The integratedlighting solution relies on hidden lamps andexposed luminaires, as well as a single lightsource (four ft T8) throughout the facility.34 www.iesna.org August 2005 LD+A 35

Award of ExcellenceSPACE CENTER BREMENDesigner: Ted FerreiraCompany: City Design GroupDesigner: Durham MarenghiCompany: Durham MarenghiLighting DesignDesigner: Marc RosenbergCompany: Marcad DesignOwner: Space Center BetriebsPhoto courtesy of Space Center BetriebsPROJECT AT A GLANCELight sources ranging from LEDs to neonand halogen, along with an extensive dimmingsystem, were used to create an interactivetheme park in Bremen, Germany.EDWIN F. GUTH MEMORIAL AWARDS FOR INTERIOR36 www.iesna.org

IIDAAWARDS05Award of ExcellenceTHE KENNETH E. BEHRING FAMILYHALL OF MAMMALS SMITHSONIANINSTITUTIONDesigner: Suzanne PowadiukCompany: Suzanne Powadiuk Design Inc.Owner: Smithsonian Institution, NationalMuseum of Natural HistoryPhotography: Kerun IP PhotographyPROJECT AT A GLANCEA broad lighting solution that entailed skylights,LED, fluorescents and theatrical lightingtechniques met the Washington D.C.museum’s light level standards and energyrequirements, addressed design and maintenanceissues and was completed on budget.LIGHTING DESIGNAugust 2005 LD+A 37

IIDAAWARDSEDWIN F.05GUTHMEMORIALAWARDS FORINTERIORLIGHTING DESIGNSpecial CitationAwardLUMINOUS WALL SCULPTURE,MARRIOTT HOTELSpecial Citation for the integration of continuousLED lighting within a vertical element,creating a luminous and colorful wall.Designers: Andreas Schulz, StefanHofmann, Thomas KausenCompany: Licht Kunst LichtOwner: Intertec IngenieurgesellschaftFur HochbalePROJECT AT A GLANCEAt this hotel in Berlin, Germany, lighting ofa 72-panel wall sculpture creates the impressionof a subtly passing landscape of luminousclouds that softly trickle from the wall.38 www.iesna.org

PAUL WATERBURY AWARDS FOR OUTDOORLIGHTING DESIGNAward of DistinctionPOSTCARDS - THE STATEN ISLANDSEPTEMBER 11TH MEMORIALDesigners: Charles G. Stone II, BrianMosbacher, Kevin Frary, David BuryaCompany: Fisher Marantz Stone, Inc.Owner: NYC EconomicDevelopment CorporationPhotography: Ed MasseryPROJECT AT A GLANCEThe outer walls of this memorial to thevictims of the September 11 attacks arewashed in light and resemble outstretchedwings as they frame the view of Manhattanin the background.August 2005 LD+A 39

IIDAAWARDS05Award of ExcellenceASIAN ART MUSEUMDesigners: Larry French, Susan Porter,Yukiko YoshidaCompany: Auerbach GlasowOwner: Asian Art MuseumPhotography: Douglas A. SalinPROJECT AT A GLANCEThe transformation of a historic Beaux Artsbuilding in San Francisco–which at onetime had no exterior lighting except forlanterns at the entrance doors—subtlyaccentuates façade elements, while complementingadjacent government buildings.Award of ExcellenceCROWN FOUNTAINDesigners: James Baney, Autumn Metzler,Brian GarthwaiteCompany: Schuler ShookOwner: Crown Family, Millennium Park Inc.Photography: Mark BalloggPAUL WATERBURY AWARDS FOROUTDOOR LIGHTING DESIGNPROJECT AT A GLANCEA Chicago favorite since opening in the summerof 2004, Crown Fountain consists oftwo 50 ft tall towers connected by a reflectingpool. Each tower features a videoscreen portraying the faces of Chicagoans,cascading water, colored interior lightingand exterior grazing illumination.40 www.iesna.org August 2005 LD+A 41

IIDAAWARDS05Award of ExcellenceLARGE BIOTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSIN SEATTLE - PEDESTRIAN BRIDGEDesigners: Shaun Patrick Darragh, BlytheVon Reckers, Jeffrey I. L. MillerCompany: NBBJPhotography: Christian RichtersPROJECT AT A GLANCEReminiscent of the DNA helix, this LED-illuminatedpedestrian bridge spans industrialrailroad tracks, connecting a masstransit hub with the large biotechnologycampus it serves and providing the generalpublic access to the waterfront.PAUL WATERBURY AWARDS FOROUTDOOR LIGHTING DESIGNAward of ExcellenceMORONGO CASINO RESORT &SPA EXTERIORDesigners: Dawn Hollingsworth, MattLevesque, Lisa Passamonte Green,Jeremy Windle, Francis MempinCompany: Visual TerrainOwner: Morongo Band of Mission IndiansPhotography: Tom PaivaPROJECT AT A GLANCEWhen lighting a 27-story tower andporte-cochere, designers developeda color palette that would reflect thehue of the mountain ranges, canyonsand desert sunshine that are endemicto the surrounding Palm Springs,CA, landscape.(See LD+A, May 2005.)42 www.iesna.orgAugust 2005 LD+A 43

Award of ExcellenceRIPPLES ON A WALKWAYDesigners: Reiko Chikada, Sachi InataCompany: Reiko Chikada Lighting DesignInc.Designer: Kanshi ShinagawaCompany: Tokyo Department of UrbanRenaissance AgencyOwner: Tokyo Department of UrbanRenaissance AgencyPhotography: Sachi InataSpecial CitationTHREE BRIDGESSpecial Citation for Warren Bridge, an engineeredbridge designed and enlivened bya simple lighting solution.Designers: David Laffitte, Robert FallinCompany: Reynolds Smith & Hills, Inc.Designer: Robert LaughlinCompany: Robert Laughlin, LLC.Owner: Jacksonville TransportationAuthorityPhotography: Antony RieckPROJECT AT A GLANCESome 280 recessed LED fixtures illuminatethis walkway slope built on the embankmentof a river in the Tokyo suburbs.PAUL WATERBURY AWARDS FOR OUTDOORLIGHTING DESIGNPROJECT AT A GLANCEThe Fuller Warren Bridge was one of threebridges illuminated in the run-up to SuperBowl XXXIX in Jacksonville, FL. Unlike theother two bridges, there was no superstructureto light, so designers uplightedthe outside edges of the concrete piersthat support the bridge.IIDAAWARDS05Award of ExcellenceTHE PUBLIC PAVILIONDesigner: Pamela Hull WilsonCompany: PHW ArchitecturalLighting DesignDesigners: Tom Dohearty, Matt FergusonCompany: Cunningham ArchitectsOwner: City of Addison, TXPhotography: James WilsonPROJECT AT A GLANCEThe city demanded long life sources, simpleluminaires and a minimum of fixturetypes for this pavilion, which defines theentry to the town park.44 45

IIDAAWARDSAward05of ExcellenceBANK OF AMERICA TRADING FLOORDesigners: Stephen Margulies,Marianne MaloneyCompany: Cosentini Lighting DesignOwner: Jones Lang LaSallePhotography: Jon MillerPROJECT AT A GLANCEThis trading floor in Charlotte, N.C.,employs indirect and recessed downlightswithin specially designed ceiling panels,complemented by an automated shadesystem for daylight control.THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNAWARDS SPONSORED BY OSRAM SYLVANIASpecial CitationUBC LIFE SCIENCES CENTRESpecial Citation for the unique andinnovative approach for the illuminationof a five-story space while exceedingthe minimum allowance of LPD.Designer: Joseph M. ScottCompany: MCW Consultants Ltd.Owner: University of British ColumbiaPhotography: Elizabeth GydePROJECT AT A GLANCEMeasuring more than a half-million sq ft, thisVancouver facility houses medicalresearch, academic and laboratory areasunder one roof. Artificial light supplementsnatural daylight only where necessary,while daylight and occupancy sensors andtime-of-day controls are used throughout.www.iesna.org

THE AILEEN PAGE CUTLER MEMORIAL AWARDFOR RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING DESIGNAward of ExcellenceMERCER ISLAND RESIDENCEDesigners: Christopher Thompson,James L. SultanCompany: Studio LuxPhotography: Michael WalmsleyPROJECT AT A GLANCEThe goals for this 15,000 sq ftMediterranean-style home near Seattle,WA., were to achieve a neutral lightingdesign that doesn’t detract from the architecture;lockable aiming with accessoriesto achieve the desired lighting effects;and easy maintenance.August 2005 LD+A 47

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I. D A. P . R . O J . E . C T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I . D A. P . R O . J . E . C T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The David L. Lawrence ConventionCenter glows from within, instead offrom exterior floodlighting.PHOTO: 2004 FEINKNOPH PHOTOGRAPHYAESTHETICALLY PLEASING, SPACIOUS ANDENVIRONMENTALLY SMART, THE NEWDAVID L. LAWRENCE CONVENTIONCENTER IS THE LATEST ADDITION TOPITTSBURGH’S RIVERFRONTBy John-Michael KobesFromGray ToGreenPittsburgh has a past rich inindustrial history, but over thelast several years, the city hasrevamped its surroundings and,boy, have things gotten a lot greenerin Steel Town. In fact, Pittsburghhas more Leadership in Energy andEnvironmental Design (LEED) certifiedsquare footage within its buildingsthan any other city in thecountry. Making up this environmentallyfriendly region are propertieslike the PNC Firstside Center,Greater Pittsburgh CommunityFoodbank, KSBA Architects corporateheadquarters and New HouseResidence Hall at Carnegie MellonUniversity. The latest addition to“gang green” is the 1.5 million sq ftDavid L. Lawrence ConventionCenter.Named after the former 1950smayor who helped turn aroundPittsburgh’s reputation as a sooty,smoke-infested city, the David L.Lawrence Convention Center is thefirst LEED-certified convention cen-52 www.iesna.org August 2005 LD+A 53

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C Tter in the U.S. and has been called“the largest green building in theworld.”Completed in September 2003,the $367 million facility is dramaticallysituated along the AlleghenyRiver, offering views of the NorthShore and downtown Pittsburgh.Outstanding in both form and function,the convention center features313,400 sq ft of exhibit space, 51meeting rooms, a 31,610 sq ft ballroom,37 loading docks and a twolevelparking garage that holds 700parking spaces.space. Fresh, cool breezes are alsopicked up from the river and flushedback in, providing a low-cost coolingand ventilation system. Buildingmaterials used in the conventioncenter emit fewer toxins than standardmaterials, and ongoing airmonitoring determines the effectivenessof the ventilation system.Developing the initial daylightingconcept with Rafael Viñoly Architectswas Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann, whileVladimir Bazjanac of LawrenceBerkeley Labs tested and refined it.Once the preliminary concepts werePHOTOS: STEPHEN M. LEE‘Our role was to understand the spirit of thearchitecture and to review the performanceof the proposed design, and then toweave it into a comprehensive interiorluminous environment’The project recently captured twoindustry awards: a 2005 CooperLighting Source Award and a 2005IIDA Edwin F. Guth Award ofExcellence for Interior Design.Involving the ElementsThe convention center was conceivedas a daylight space from dayone; however, when architect RafaelVinoly (the runner-up to design thenew World Trade Center site) saw the“Three Sisters,” a triad of suspensionbridges straddling the AlleghenyRiver, he knew he wanted this projectto mirror their design beauty.This inspiration is found in suchstate-of-the-art features as sloping,stainless steel and glass roof detailsthat sweep upwards with their tallmasts. Light, air and water were alsoincorporated into the grand schemeof this echo-driven building. The generoususe of skylights and windowsproduce direct and diffused light,and balance temperatures in thebuilding, bringing daylight andample views of the river into muchof the exhibit and pre-functiongiven several run-throughs and thedesign plans were created, principalsKeith J. Yancey and Paul A. Zaferiou(2005 IIDA recipients) of theCambridge, MA, firm Lam PartnersInc were presented with the challengeof tying together the “pretty pictures”and technical data into a real worldworking solution. “Our role was tounderstand the spirit of the architectureand to review the performance ofthe proposed design, and then toweave it into a comprehensive interiorluminous environment that wouldserve as a comfortable and usefulspace while satisfying the greenaspects of the project,” said Yancey.Yancey wanted the conventioncenter to glow from within, insteadof from exterior floodlighting. Toachieve this, wall-mounted cutoff fixturesand low-brightness recesseddownlights illuminate the public outdoorspaces and city streets withsubstantially less light pollution thanPittsburgh’s standard street lighting.On the inside, 100 percent of theupper exhibition space is illuminatedby natural daylight, making the electricfluorescent lighting supplementary.A smaller, lower level black-boxexhibit hall is windowless and islighted primarily with Lumark metalhalide high-bays.In the upper exhibit halls, severalstructural curves are made of tensioneddampening cables, transitingthe hall laterally. These structural elementssupport baffled fluorescentdirect/indirect lighting, which is circuitedso that four even levels of lightcan be created by turning combinationsof circuits both on and off fromeach cable. With instant-start capabilitiesand multiple rows, it allowsmulti-level switching to respond tovarying daylight conditions throughphotocell controls.“Using T5 high output fluorescentlamps [from Corelite] allowed us topack a lot of light into a small package,”said Yancey. The ceiling is coveredwith a white reflective fabricbetween the strip lights that reflectslight coming from the fluorescent fixturesas well as natural light from theupper glass walls and skylights.At 60 feet on-center, the continuous linear fluorescentfixtures respond to the sweeping structural lines, provideemergency lighting and wire management, and enhancethe space with superior color rendering.Pre-function spaces facing the river and thecity have continuous lines of low-brightnessfluorescent downlighting, photocell-controlledto respond to changing daylight.54 www.iesna.orgAugust 2005 LD+A 55

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C TPHOTOS: STEPHEN M. LEEMeeting room blocks are highlighted withcompact fluorescent downlights and wallwashersthat balance brightness during theday and provide visual depth at night.Here Comes the SunControlling and distributing thelight is Leviton’s daylight harvestingsystem. The system operates bymonitoring natural daylight and integratingit with artificial light throughthe use of photocell sensors. Fromthere, sensors respond to changingdaylight levels and adjust interiorlights to match user-defined light levels.Analog-style 0-10 volt photocellswere also installed throughout keylocations of each of the exhibit halls.Their signals stream into a networkof electronic controls that increase ordecrease the light output from thefluorescent luminaires so as to maintaina constant level of illuminationacross all areas of the exhibit hall.Specially designed control channelscan override the daylight harvestingfunction, allowing any number oflight fixtures to be switched off duringperiods of vacancy or switchedon to preset levels.At 60 ft on-center, continuous linearfluorescent fixtures respond tothe sweeping structural lines, provideemergency lighting and wire management,and enhance the spacewith superior color rendering. Thelinear fluorescent fixtures not onlydownlight the exhibits and uplightthe impressive roof structure, butthey offer significant environmentaland architectural advantages. “We’vefound, in our experience, that lightingdesign is much easier in a welldesignedbuilding since the architectureitself suggests the solution;details tend to fall into place,” saidYancey. Despite using more lamps,the fluorescent design uses fewerwatts, requires less frequent re-lampingand uses 50 percent less mercurythan an equivalent metal halidescheme. Additionally, the glass tubesof fluorescent lamps can be recycled,and with an aluminum recycling rateof 80 percent, their bases use lessmanufacturing energy than metalhalide’s brass bases.The exhibition hall is alsoequipped with an elaborate shadingsystem of sails and panels. “The system[from Vimco] gave us the opportunityto vary the conditions foradmitting and altering the availablesunlight,” said Yancey. “We thereforeproposed a combination of three differenttypes of shading modes: noshade, diffusing and blackout.” Inthe “diffusing mode” the opaqueshade portion can be overlappedincrementally to “throttle down” theamount of daylight in the space untilfull blackout is achieved.Meeting rooms (located on thethird and fourth floors) are outfitted56 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C TPHOTOS: STEPHEN M. LEEfixtures (Designplan) on the pedestrianbridge. These discreetly illuminatethe public roof terrace and bridge,allowing an unencumbered nighttimeview of the city and the river beyond.Moving ForwardDaylighting has been an integralpart of architectural history, but inmost cases, it’s still thought of as anamenity, instead of as the primarysource of interior illumination. “It’sonly within the last 60 years or sothat daylighting has been supplantedby electric lighting as the primarysource of interior illumination duringthe day,” said Yancey. “The David L.Lawrence Convention Center reversesthis trend and learns from thepast.” Come on, turn up thesun...turn it up for everyone.The expressive structural form iscomplemented through thoughtfulintegration of lighting hardware.with 277-V dimmable compact fluorescentdownlights, wall washers anddirect/indirect dimmable fluorescentpendants controlled by 10-buttonentry control stations with a customstainless steel finish at each doorway.Architectural wall dimmers controlthe specialty track lighting as well.Also located on the third floor isthe Spirit of Pittsburgh grand ballroom,which is illuminated by bothtrack lighting (LSI and Altman lighting)and a star-field pattern of lowwattagePAR halogen sources, withglare rings, in bare porcelain sockets(Leviton). The pre-function spaceuses fluorescent coves to enliven theskylight wells at night while low-voltagehalogen pendants add sparklefor different functions and effects.Up on the RoofThe outdoor terraces are also locatedon the third and fourth floors. TheNoresco Riverside and South Terrace(third floor) is an open air setting thatcan be used for a peaceful escape orreception, all while providing a stellarview. The 40,000 sq ft North terrace(fourth floor) extends the length of theconvention center, overlooks theAllegheny River and offers views ofNorth Shore trails, PNC Park andHeinz Field. Small customized steplights(Lumiere) are used on the riverfrontterrace and roof deck recessedAbout the Designers:Keith J. Yancey, LC,Member IESNA (1993), isa principal at Lam PartnersInc, Cambridge, MA. Mr.Yancey received hisBachelor of ArchitecturalStudies and Master ofArchitectural Engineering Degrees fromOklahoma State University. He is a registeredarchitect and professional engineer with 17years experience and is a member of theAmerican Institute of Architects (AIA). His experienceincludes exterior floodlighting and highlightingof historic structures and museums,convention centers, college campuses, municipalparks, pedestrian malls, parking areas, andnumerous office, retail and resort complexes.Paul A. Zaferiou is a principalat Lam Partners Inc,Cambridge, MA. Mr. Zaferioutrained in architectureat Washington Universityand the University ofOregon and is a registeredarchitect in the state ofCalifornia. In his 20 years of lighting consultingexperience with Lam Partners Inc, he hasmanaged scores of projects representing awide range of project types and geographiclocations. He has developed and managedlighting design for educational, institutionaland transportation facilities, museums, exhibitionspaces, research facilities, office buildings,historic structures, and civic and urban designprojects. His teaching and authoring of articleson architectural lighting design complementhis professional experience.August 2005 LD+A 57

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I D. A. P . R O . J . E C . T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I . D A. P . R O . J . E . C T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TO SHOW ITSELF IN THE BEST POSSIBLE LIGHT, JACKSONVILLE, FL, ILLUMINATEDTHREE DOWNTOWN BRIDGES IN TIME FOR THE 2005 SUPER BOWLPHOTOS: ANTONY RIECKJACKSONVILLE’SPregame ShowWhen Super Bowl XXXIX wasscheduled for February2005 at Jacksonville, FL’sAlltel Stadium, a group of communityand government leaders recognizedthat a unique opportunity existed tonot only highlight downtownJacksonville for a world-wide audience,but to emphasize the impactthe St. Johns River and its majorbridge crossings have had on thedevelopment of the city. In the fall of2003, city and state officials discussedthe concept of lighting theHart, Main Street and Fuller WarrenBridges in downtown Jacksonville.The Jacksonville TransportationAuthority’s general engineering consultant,Reynolds, Smith and Hills,Inc., was asked to develop a designthat would be dramatic, cost effective(there was no designated funding inplace) and could be completed intime for the Super Bowl.Design began in the fall of 2003.The objective was to accentuate thedefining physical characteristics ofeach bridge, with an emphasis onlighting those elements which perform58 www.iesna.org August 2005 LD+A 59

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C T“Trace lighting” of the Hart Bridge emphasizes thelong, gentle arc formed by the trusses and centerspan. Inset, the bridge before the project. Below,uplights are used to illuminate the arch and cables.PHOTO: DAVID LAFFITTEPHOTO: ANTONY RIECKthe lion’s share of load-carrying. Theproject was bid in April 2004, completedin December and premieredon New Year’s Eve. What follows is alook at how these three bridges wereilluminated.Isaiah Hart BridgeCharacterized by a distinctivecamel-back steel truss with suspendedmain span, the superstructureof the Hart Bridge forms a clearand recognizable shape on theJacksonville skyline. Measuring2600 ft long with a center span of1088 ft, the bridge was completedin 1967.The design scheme utilizes“trace” lighting to emphasize thelong gentle arc formed by the trussesand the suspended center spanwith its dramatic framed views.Those crossing the bridge duringthe day experience the visuallydense and complex arrangement ofsteel beams and girders. Soft illuminationof this steel allows the nightdriver to experience it as well, whileadding depth to the exterior viewsof the bridge. Light from the tops ofthe piers illuminates the undersideof the bridge at the points of support,fading to darkness furtheraway.The cost of the lighting was $1.5million. Lighting locations andequipment include:• Uplighting of concrete piers.Two 400-w metal halide flood fixtureswere utilized to uplight theinterior face of each concrete pier(eight total). Fixtures are mountedon the concrete pile cap and aimedup.• Underdeck illumination. Thetop of the concrete pier structurewas used as a platform for installationof equipment to light theunderside of the steel bridge structure.Six 1000-w floods wereinstalled at each pier, aimed atabout 30 deg above horizontal.Glare shields were installed on thesefixtures• Trace lighting of steel bridgetruss. Long-life QL induction lampswere chosen for the trace lighting,due to limited accessibility. Lampsare 55-w, 4000K, in prismatic glass“jelly jar” type luminaires. Fixturesare mounted to the sides of top andbottom chords of steel trusses,spaced at about 34 ft centers, correspondingwith the structural module.A total of 300 were installed.PHOTO: DAVID LAFFITTE60 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C T• Interior steel illumination. Tolight the interior of the truss “cage,”wide-distribution (essentially “lowbay”type) metal halide luminaireswere mounted at the top center ofthe bridge on 68 ft centers. A totalof 38 250-watt units were used.• Cable/under arch illumination.The main span of the bridge issupported by cables suspendedfrom the arched truss. The cablesand underside of the arch areuplighted by spotlights bracketed ateach group of cables. A total of 54100-w metal halide spot floods wereinstalled.• Installation. Armored multiconductorcable was selected forease of wiring installation utilizingthe interior of the box girders forrouting. Conduit would have beenslower and more costly. More than30,000 linear ft of cable was used.The electrical contractor, MillerElectric Company, designed quickmountbrackets for mounting QLluminaires, facilitating installationand reducing the time required forbridge closures. Finally, originalCobra-head roadway lighting on thesteel span was replaced with sharpcut-off style luminaires to improveroadway lighting and eliminate patterninterference with the newarchitectural lighting.Main Street (“John T. AlsopJr.”) BridgeWith a lift-span measuring only350 ft long, the 64-year-old MainStreet Bridge is the shortest of thedowntown Jacksonville Bridges.However, because of its context, itappears large and imposing. Morethan any of the other bridges it hasan architectural presence. The towersof the lift span are a familiar partof the city skyline.The lighting scheme was to illuminatethe towers and truss structuresof the bridge with floodlights mountedon the bridge itself. The designersdetermined from the start thatthe intense blue color of the bridgewould play a role. Additional lightingThe Main Street Bridge is theshortest of the three bridges,but the most architecturallyimposing. Inset, the towerspotlights prior to aiming.PHOTO: DAVID LAFFITTEwas proposed for the top of the towersand within the vertical slot openingson the broad side of each tower.The goal was to give the bridge anighttime presence that demonstratesthe importance it holds as aconnection between the north andsouth banks of the river. To providefurther interest, an installation ofcolor-changing LED modules wasincluded as a bid alternate and finallyincluded in the job.The cost of the lighting was $1.2million. Lighting locations andequipment include:• Lamps. Blue metal halide lampswere chosen for their ability toenhance the blue paint color of thebridge. An early mock-up comparedblue lamps with filtered whitelamps; the blue lamps produced analmost iridescent effect while thePHOTO: ANTONY RIECKAugust 2005 LD+A 61

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C TUnlike the other bridges, theFuller Warren Bridge has nosuperstructure to illuminate.Instead, the outside edges of thehammerhead concrete piers areuplighted. The project received a2005 IIDA Special Citation.PHOTO: ANTONY RIECK62 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I I D A P R O J E C TThe objective wasto accentuate thedefining physicalcharacteristics ofeach bridge, with anemphasis on lightingthose elements whichperform thelion’s share ofload-carryingblue-filtered white looked dull andgreenish by comparison.• Bridge truss superstructure.Metal halide uplights are located inthe plane of the trusses at the bottomof each “V.” A total of 60 250-w fixtures were utilized, incorporatinginternal glare shields. At the topof each “V” above the pedestrianwalkways is a bracket-mounted175-w metal halide cutoff luminaire(28 total).• Lift-span towers. The narrowouter faces of each tower are illuminatedwith five 400-w spots. Theseare yoke-mounted to a steel pipestructure added to the side the ofthe bridge just below the level of thewalkway (20 total). The lighting ofthe towers continues down to thewater with two 400-w spots at eachlocation (eight total). The broadfaces of the towers are lighted by400-w floods mounted on crossbeams above the roadway (eighttotal).The rectangular slotted area at thetops of the towers was identified asa candidate for an LED installationcapable of simple animations. Eachface accommodates 10 27 ft highrows of color changing LED modules,for a total of approximately1080 modules. DMX wireless controlequipment is located on landnear base of the bridge. A plannedT-4 connection will allow programmingof the LEDs remotely via internet.The tops of the towers arecrowned with induction lamps inblue glass globes (10 per tower).• Installation. A separate contractto paint the steel and refurbishstructural elements of the bridgewas not complete when the lightinginstallation started. Coordinationbetween the two projects was, attimes, difficult, with both tradeswanting access to the same areassimultaneously.A total of 15,000 ft of custom bluejacketed armored cable wasrequired to blend with the bridgecolor.Finally, the contractor had threehurricanes to contend with, as wellas limited shutdown times onbridges due to preparations for theSuper Bowl.Fuller Warren BridgeThe Fuller Warren Bridge, completedin 2000, is a concrete structuresupported by hammerheadstyleconcrete piers. Unlike theother bridges, there is no superstructureto illuminate. The lightingscheme proposed an installation ofHID uplighting to illuminate outsideedges of the concrete piers.Although the bridge extends wellbeyond both sides of the river, thelighting is limited to only those piersin the river. The project was recognizedwith a 2005 IIDA PaulWaterbury Special Citation Award.The cost of the lighting was$325,000. Lighting locations andequipment include:• Pier faces. The outer faces ofthe piers are angled, which providesa thinner profile and more visualinterest. A combination of warmand cool color lamps was chosen torender each face more distinctly,lessening the tendency for the endsto appear “flattened.” Mock-up testingestablished the optimum lightinglocation at five ft six in. from theface of the piers. A total of 17 pierswere illuminated, requiring a totalof 34 400-w high pressure sodiumspots and 68 400-w metal halidespots.• Installation. A raceway systemwas already in place in each pierwhich greatly facilitated installation.(The bridge already had single cylinderuplights mounted to the face ofeach pier which were barely visible.Those fixtures were removed, andconduit was extended from theremaining junction boxes down tothe pile cap for the new lighting.)Because each pier has the samebasic shape, on-shore preassemblywas able to minimize installationtime.About the Designers:Robert Fallin is a seniorelectrical designer atReynolds, Smith andHills. Lighting projectsinclude several ADT callcenters, large commercialoffice and branchbanking facilities. Recent exterior projectsinclude lighting design for the 23-story BlueCross Blue Shield office building and the 19-story CSX Headquarters Building both inJacksonville, FL, and NASA’s VerticalIntegration Facility (VIF), Cape Kennedy, FL.David Laffitte, AIA, LC,Member IESNA (1985),is a senior architect andlighting designer withReynolds, Smith andHills. Other projects forwhich he has providedlighting design includethe Phase II and Delta terminals at OrlandoInternational Airport, Savannah InternationalAirport, Jacksonville Museum of ModernArt, Acosta Bridge neon lighting, VistakonEye Institute and numerous commercialoffice and call center projects.Robert J. Laughlin, LC,Member IESNA (1964),specializes in architecturallighting design. Duringthe past 30 years he hasbeen responsible for thelighting of projectsthroughout the southeast,including the Orlando Museum of Art,Harn Museum of Art, Bob Carr Auditorium,Orange County Civic Center, Phase I OrlandoInternational Airport and the Dame PointBridge in Jacksonville. His projects havereceived over 100 awards for design excellence.Current projects include other bridgesthroughout the U.S. plus projects for Disneyand Universal Studios in Orlando, FL.August 2005 LD+A 63

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P R O J E C TIn the courtyard plaza, leaning support towers for thepedestrian shade canopies offer illumination. Fluorescentluminaires light the Caltrans sign.PHOTOS: MARK DELL’AQUILA, EAGLE-EYE-IMAGESCaltransTranscendentNOT YOUR ORDINARY, STAIDGOVERNMENT BUILDING,CALTRANS’ DISTRICT 7HEADQUARTERS IN LOSANGELES IS MORE AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT WORK OF ARTThink of a state office building in downtownLos Angeles as a canvas to create a significantarchitectural design. When the CaliforniaDepartment of Transportation (Caltrans) committedto building a replacement headquarters for its 7thdistrict, it gave the canvas to architectural firmMorphosis.Thom Mayne, who founded Morphosis, recentlywon the prestigious international Pritzker Prize forarchitecture. Working with him on the District 7Headquarters was project architect Pavel Getov andproject manager Silvia Kuhle. General contractingwas handled by the Clark Construction Group; DynaElectric stewarded the electrical contracting; andprogramming and design/build criteria was establishedby A.C. Martin.August 2005 LD+A 65

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P R O J E C TThree ft diameter luminousskydome luminaires are usedat both the skip stop lobbiesand in the conferencerooms.66 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P R O J E C TThe design has been described as “planes and linespassing by each other.” It features movable perforatedpanels outside the windows that can open to let in light‘We looked for ways to createlight without the fixturesthemselves having a presence’and close to block the intense heat of full sunlight. The13-story building itself is over 716,000 sq ft, with offices,meeting spaces, a café and exhibit space, shop facilities,and a gym for the engineers and designers of the freewaysystem in California. The site also includes a courtyard/plazaalong Main St., parking for 1142 vehicles, anda children’s daycare center and playground.The District 7 Headquarters is located in an emergingneighborhood in downtown L.A. For a number of years,there had been plenty of daytime activity but few visitorsat night. That is beginning to change with a new movetoward downtown living.At night the structure is visible in distinct ways, thanksto the artistry of the Los Angeles office of lighting designfirm Horton Lees Brogden Lighting Design. Working withdesign principal Teal Brogden, project manager/seniordesigners Heather Libonati and Emily Koonce createdthe lighting concepts for the Caltrans project.The entire complex was designed and built in onlytwo-and-a-half years. Because of that, budgets weredetermined before the lighting was designed. Interiorlighting had very specific requirements, while the guidelineswere more general for outdoor lighting. To verifythat the design of various building elements matched theclient’s expectations and budget, Caltrans, representativesfrom the state and peer reviewers conducted aseries of design reviews.Setting the ToneThe courtyard in front of the building is one exampleof how HLB used light to create a usable and yet interestingspace. Brogden described it as “a great opportunityto set the lighting tone for the project.” The key was tolight the plaza without overpowering a three-story highneon public art sculpture by Keith Sonnier, which hadbeen commissioned for the site (see sidebar). At thesame time, there had to be enough ambient light in theplaza for pedestrian safety and for security cameras.HLB “responded to what Morphosis designed,” saysLibonati. “We looked for ways to create light without thefixtures themselves having a presence.” So light was integratedinto architectural elements such as benches, catwalksand canopy plinths. A mixture of luminaire typeswas utilized; small metal halide floods were used undera catwalk along the building side of the plaza, and fluorescentluminaires were placed inside luminous slantedplinths supporting a trellis around the outside of theplaza, as well as underneath the benches scatteredaround the plaza, and within the prominent “Caltrans”lightbox sign.The neon sculpture itself contributes dramatically to thelighting within the plaza, and with the other lighting, theplaza works well at night without any large scale standardHID floodlighting. There were, however, some emergencyfloodlights set in place. Another visible design gesture wasa cantilevered light bar mounted off the side of the buildingalong First Street, acknowledging the importance ofFirst Street within the city grid. Brogden described theluminaires used throughout the project as having a simple,industrial aesthetic. Paramount fluorescent lensedThe skydome luminaires offer a bitof relief from all of the straight linespassing through the building.August 2005 LD+A 67

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P R O J E C TThe lobby’s fluorescent striplights read throughresin panels in a decidedly random pattern.products were used in many of the interior and exteriorapplications. This includes the main lobby and “skip stop”stairs, where they’re reminiscent of the streak of headlightsmoving by.A Sustainable PathSustainable design was a primary focus for the team inthe evolution of the new headquarters. In the pre-planningphase (prior to the selection of the design-buildteam), the use of an “intelligent” luminaire with integratedcontrol capabilities was mandated. Accounting forover 90 percent of the overall project area, the officesrepresented a substantial opportunity for both energysavings and improved lighting quality. “At first we wereskeptics, eager to expand the state’s ‘sustainable’ horizons,but skeptics nonetheless,” says Libonati. “After all,this was an office building run by a state agency, for astate in fiscal crisis. No operating budget equals no maintenance,nobody to take care of all of these sensors,right? We needed to be careful that this type of systemwas the right fit for this client.”With site visits to two successful installations undertheir belt and a good deal of project specific lighting,energy and maintenance modeling, the design-build andownership team embraced the approach. A series ofmockups was then undertaken to fine-tune the specificationsand narrow the field of potential manufacturers.The intelligent luminaire and control system chosen wasa direct/indirect pendant with three T8 lamps, (twodirect, one indirect), each controlled by an integratedoccupancy sensor, timeclock, and photocell (theErgolight Control System from Ledalite).The two lamps providing direct illumination for theworkplane below are controlled by the individual occupancysensor and a daylight harvesting photocell. Thus,they are dimmed to maintain a pre-set light level at thedesk, and fade slowly to off when the workstation hasbeen unoccupied for more than 20 minutes. The onelamp uplight component provides indirect ambient illuminationfor the workstation and in combination with allof the uplights at the other workstations gives the entirespace a sense of luminosity. The indirect componentremains on at a pre-determined intensity during normalworking hours and is then automatically turned off atnight. Separate perimeter lighting at the curtainwall andcore remain on for nightlighting.According to Brogden, “Although the pooled areas oflight on the ceiling are not what we’re used to in indirect/directsystems, one luminaire per workstation was apart of the original design-build criteria and is actuallyquite an important part of the way the system works. Youcan think of the two downward facing lamps as those68 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P R O J E C TPHOTO: MARK DELL’AQUILABlue and Red Get the Go-AheadThe classic, fast-paced glow of blue and redneon is used to simulate streaming tail-lightsand traffic in motion on a sculpture in theoutdoor plaza in front of the new Caltrans District 7headquarters building.Creating these streaming neon bands was lightingmanufacturer NSI Architectural Lighting, whichgave artist Keith Sonnier a first-hand look at theproduct at NSI’s facility in Anaheim, CA. Sonnieroriginally wanted to use four brilliant colors to createthe highway energy but concluded that red andblue were sufficient after seeing the presentation.NSI owner John Ortiz explained that the biggestchallenge was tryingto develop a designthat would hide thelamps and transformers.“It tends tobe quite difficult tohide (136) 20 in. byseven in. by seven in.galvanized metalboxes and 3000 ft oflamps in plain sight,”said Ortiz. “We worked with Mr. Sonnier andMorphosis to arrange the design in a manner thattook advantage of structural elements to hide thetransformers and we used clear glass to blend itinto the aluminum extrusion background.”After seeing the mock-up installation and how wellthe product was integrated into the horizontal architecturalelements of the building, the design teamwas confident enough to move forward. The metalwork contractor completed installation of the systemwith less than 30 days remaining on the projectschedule. But that still left plenty of time for designersto finalize the programming for the neon display.belonging to the individual, while the one facing upwardbelongs to the team.”Although the feature has not yet been activated, individualusers can control their own downlight and sincethe louvers are highly specular, their neighbors areunaware of a change. A task light under the overheadcabinet was also installed, to provide a greater range ofavailable lighting conditions and give users additionalindividual control. Thus, the light is placed only where itis directly needed, and the ambient component fills insufficiently for circulation light levels. This approachallows an approximate 25 percent reduction in the numberof luminaires over a standard eight ft by 12 ft layoutof two by two’s or two by four’s. Combine this with theoccupancy sensor feature in an open office and the energysavings is actually in the range of 50 percent or more.Other features of interest within the interior includedthe three ft diameter luminous skydome luminaires usedat both the skip stop lobbies and the conference rooms(they stack one above the other from floor to floor), providing“a bit of relief from all of the straight lines passingthrough the building,” says Libonati, and a good balanceof light for these areas that front the interior lightwell.That’s A WrapFinishing strokes on the Caltrans complex were completedin late fall of 2004. Since then, it has become apopular location for film crews and an attraction fortourists. Not bad, for a government agency headquarters.About the Designers: Teal Brogden, LC, MemberIESNA (1990), received her B.S. in ArchitecturalEngineering/Illuminating Engineering from theUniversity of Colorado. As a senior design principaland the director of design at HLB Lighting Design,Ms. Brogden is responsible for developing andestablishing firm-wide design and production standards.Her designs have received numerous awardsincluding 13 IESNA IIDA Awards of Merit and the IALD and GE EdisonAwards of Excellence.Heather Libonati, LC, Member IESNA (2001), is formerlya senior designer at HLB Lighting Design andhas an MFA in theater lighting design fromCalifornia Institute of the Arts. While at HLB, sheworked on a variety of architectural lighting projectswith specialties in commercial, federal anduniversity design. Ms. Libonati is currently with theLos Angeles firm, Kaplan Gehring McCarrollLighting Design. She has been awarded the IIDA Award of Merit andLumen West Award of Excellence.Contributors: Ron Scott is a technical sales specialistfor Ledalite Architectural Products, Langley,British Columbia. His work is focused on controlapplications in the architectural market throughdesign, end-user and channel support. He also hasexperience in luminaire design and product applicationengineering. He holds a diploma inMechanical Engineering.Michael Wypasek is advertising manager forParamount Industries, Inc. in Croswell, MI. He is a20-year writing and design veteran working exclusivelyin the lighting industry for over seven years.Mr. Wypasek portfolio includes work for VentureLighting, Kramer Lighting, RSL Landscape Lightingand Thomas Research Products.August 2005 LD+A 69

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T E C H N O L O G YMost people think of the egress path as contained within a building. In fact, anegress path may include areas outside the building, leading to the street.OCCUPANT SAFETY AND LIABILITY CONCERNS HAVE LED BUILDING OWNERSTOWARD MORE SOPHISTICATED TESTING, MAINTENANCE AND SELECTION OFEMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMSAcingBy Rob SumnerEMERGENCYLIGHTINGEmergency lighting plays a vital role in life safetyprograms. Just like fire extinguishers and smokedetectors, it is required in commercial, industrialand institutional buildings and serves building occupantsin the event of an emergency.National, state and local codes guide emergencylighting practices. A starting point for understandingcode is an understanding of the basic requirementsestablished by the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70)and the Life Safety Code (NFPA 101), among others.It is important to note that code reflects only minimumstandards.• Code requires at least 90 minutes of continuous illuminationfrom an emergency lighting source (e.g., afluorescent emergency ballast or generator-supportedlighting unit). Local or state building codes may requireadditional illumination time in some instances.• Emergency lighting must be operational within 10seconds of the loss of normal power. This applieswhen illumination changes from one energy source(i.e., normal lighting) to another (e.g., battery-poweredfluorescent emergency ballasts or generator-supportedlighting systems).• Code requires changes in egress path direction to beclearly marked.• National code, as currently interpreted, requires thatemergency lighting units be arranged to provide anaverage of at least one foot-candle of initial illumination(beginning of 90-minute runtime) at floor levelalong the path of egress. The minimum amount of illu-August 2005 LD+A 71

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T E C H N O L O G Ymination at floor level along the path of egress, in contrastto the average, is .1 foot-candle. This requirementmay vary in some areas based on local or state code.The path of egress is the path that leads occupantsthrough a building to safety. Most people think of theegress path as contained within a building. In fact, theegress path may include areas outside of the buildingleading to a public way, such as a street. The egress pathextending beyond the physical structure is known as outdooregress. Outdoor egress is an area that has recentlytaken on more significance in code and in emergencylighting planning.• Testing constitutes another significant code requirement.Emergency lighting must be tested every 30days for 30 seconds. For battery-powered units, a 90-minute annual test is also mandated. Emergency lightingunits must be functional for the duration of testing(30 seconds or 90 minutes), and written records oftest results must be kept.Testing and MaintenanceBecause this equipment is used only in an emergency,and therefore on an irregular, basis, regular testing andsubsequent maintenance are important to ensure thatequipment is functioning properly at all times. An interestin occupant welfare is foremost. However, liability is alsoan issue. Proper testing and maintenance provide proofwhen liability questions arise. In addition, emergencylighting is a capital investment and warrants upkeep assuch. Finally, various codes mandate testing and maintenance.They are not optional.Despite code requirements and common sense, testingand maintenance do not always get done regularly. Timeand cost are most often cited in compliance failure. Thereare, however, ways to decrease both concerns whileincreasing the ease of testing.Emergency lighting may be provided by variousmeans. The most common emergency lighting source isthe fluorescent emergency ballast (FEB). FEBs offer severaladvantages. They• provide reliable illumination and operate independentof other emergency lighting units. If one FEB shouldfail, that failure has no impact on other FEBs. If, however,a generator system fails, the failure would likelyhave a significant impact on the life safety system.• complement architectural and lighting designs. Theydo not detract from the aesthetic appeal. FEB lightingis emergency lighting you’ll never see until you need it.• produce light that looks like normal lighting.• save time and costs involved in installation.• are not obvious targets for vandals because FEBs areconcealed within or near the fixture.Extended-temperature FEBs can be used in damp environments.Intelligent BallastsA number of emergency ballasts exist in the marketplace.They range in sophistication from simply codecompliantto intelligent, high-end products that make lifeeasier for building owners and operators. Testing andmaintenance are areas in which intelligent ballasts makea big difference.Self-testing/self-diagnostic FEBs quickly earn theirkeep, especially in facilities with a large number ofemergency ballasts to be tested or with emergencylighting units in difficult-to-access locations. TheseFEBs are generally designed to continually monitortheir charging current and battery voltage, alert maintenancepersonnel to any problems that arise (flashingstatus light indicator and audible alarm) and test automaticallyfor 30 seconds each month and for 90 minutesannually.A step up from self-testing/self-diagnostic emergencyballasts is a combination of software and hardware (e.g.,specialized emergency ballasts) that makes it possible forusers to manage a building’s emergency lighting systemfrom a single, centralized PC. The centralized managementsystems automate and integrate monitoring andtesting of all emergency ballasts within a network. Theycan be designed to schedule emergency ballast tests,record test results for review by the authorities havingjurisdiction and alert the system administrator or maintenancepersonnel to any problems that occur within the72 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T E C H N O L O G Ynetwork. In short, centralized management systems permitusers to direct their emergency lighting program withjust a few key strokes. With such systems, users do nothave to manually test emergency lighting or check thestatus of each ballast within a network. The systems willhandle everything automatically and provide a numberof reports on demand to make system managementeven easier.Centralized management systems typically• automatically test each emergency ballast in a networkfor 30 seconds every 30 days and for 90 minutesannually.• allow the system administrator to schedule testing sothat building activities are not interrupted. Tests canalso be conducted at any time independent of thetesting schedule.• record and store the test results for each FEB.• permit the system administrator to identify eachindividual emergency ballast so that any ballast in anetwork can be easily located from the floor and inthe system.Centralization simplifies the operation, testing andoverall management of emergency lighting systems,and, as with self-testing/self-diagnostic systems, centralizedsystems save users time, money and labor.Other InnovationsIn addition to self-testing/self-diagnostic units andcentralized management systems, other products havebeen designed to meet today’s emergency lightingdemands. These products not only provide or assist inthe provision of code-mandated emergency illumination,they address related issues, such as high testingcosts, downtime in metal halide systems and emergencylighting for outdoor egress. What follows is a lookat some common problems in the built environmentand what is being done to address them.Problem: Demanding Lighting DesignsSolution: Low-Profile Emergency BallastsArchitecturally sensitive lighting designs have grown inpopularity. These designs require emergency ballasts thatcan be paired discreetly with space-limited fixtures. Lowprofileemergency ballasts keep both aesthetics and lifesafety in mind. They permit reliable, code-required emergencylighting to be incorporated without detractingfrom the fixture or room decor.Problem: Testing and Maintenance DifficultiesSolution: Remote Control Testing Emergency BallastsCode-required testing and maintenance are essential,yet they can be costly and time-consuming. Whilenot offering quite as much ease-of-use as self-testingversions, remote control testing of emergency ballastspermits emergency lighting to be tested from a distanceand on demand. Because emergency lightingmay be tested from a distance and from ground level,ladders and extension devices for manual testing areunnecessary. The improved ease-of-testing reduces thetime, cost, difficulty and labor involved and increasesthe likelihood that fixtures will be tested in accordancewith code. As with self-testing and centralized managementsystems, remote control testing systems areespecially useful in facilities with a large number ofballasts to be tested or with fixtures that are difficult toaccess because of placement or heavy traffic.Problem: Expensive Night LightingSolution: Generator Power Transfer/Switching DevicesDevices that work with generators or central invertersystems to power emergency lighting without a nightlighting component offer clear financial and resourceconservation benefits. These devices make it possible toprovide reliable emergency lighting on standard circuitryand regardless of light fixture switch position (on/off).Despite code requirements andcommon sense, testing andmaintenance do not always getdone regularlyNight lighting for emergency lighting purposes becomesa thing of the past. Because the devices supply emergencylighting only when it is needed, thousands of energyhours can be saved each year.For example, take a case where continuous day andnight lighting operation expends 8760 energy hoursannually per fixture (24 hours per day x 365 days peryear). Without night lighting, that number drops substantiallyto approximately 3500 (assuming an average9.5 hours of day lighting per day), saving users 5260energy hours per fixture over the course of a year. Suchsavings can add up quickly.Problem: Lighting Downtime with HID MetalHalide FixturesSolution: HID Backup BallastsHID backup ballasts help eliminate arc loss in metalhalide lighting systems. Metal halides are found in grocerystores, warehouses, sports facilities, conventioncenters and other such locations. Their high lumen outputand long service life make them a good choice formany applications. However, metal halides areextremely sensitive to even very minor, very brief ACpower interruptions. These interruptions can disruptthe HID lamp arc, causing it to extinguish and creatingthe need for restrike. It can take up to 15 minutes forAugust 2005 LD+A 73

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T . E . C P R H . O N . J O . E L C . O TG . Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .an HID metal halide to cool and restrike. HID backupballasts sense a power disturbance and quicklyrespond, catching and supporting the lamp arc for aset period of time, typically a couple of minutes. Aminute or two is usually enough time for a minorpower disturbance to pass or for a backup generator tobegin providing power. By catching and maintainingthe arc, backup ballasts prevent light loss and the needfor restrike. Backup ballasts are a better option thantraditional quartz restrike lamps and allow high illuminationduring transfer to generators.Problem: Cold, Damp Environments and OutdoorEgressSolution: Extended-Temperature FluorescentEmergency BallastsExtended-temperature fluorescent emergency ballastsallow users to provide emergency lighting under challengingconditions. Models may operate in temperaturesranging from -20 deg C to +55 deg C (-4 deg F to + 131deg F), in damp locations and in sealed and gasketed fixtures.They provide a means of meeting code requirementsin cold, damp environments and in outdoor egressapplications. Outdoor egress is becoming more prevalentin code, and the need for suitable emergency lighting foroutdoor egress continues to grow. Extended-temperatureemergency ballasts make it easy to meet or exceed coderequirements for outdoor egress.Problem: Emergency Lighting with LED FixturesSolution: Emergency and AC/Emergency DriversEmergency and AC/emergency drivers allow LED fixturesto serve as code-compliant emergency lighting.Drivers can be designed to provide a minimum of 90minutes of emergency lighting, as required by code. Inthe future, LED lighting is likely to surpass fluorescentand incandescent lighting as a main source of generalillumination, so LED fixtures will play an increasingly significantrole in emergency lighting.About the Author: Rob Sumner serves as the westernregional sales manager for The BodineCompany. He has been in outside sales for 17 years,the last five with Bodine. Mr. Sumner works closelywith Bodine’s sales representatives and fixturemanufacturers in the western region of the U.S. andCanada. In addition to providing product educationand training, he devotes a significant portion ofhis time to educating Bodine’s sales force and other interested groupson the fundamentals of emergency lighting. He is a 1988 graduate ofthe University of Mississippi.Intense Lighting1/2 horiz74 www.iesna.org

T H E C E N T U R Y S E R I E SThe Sporting LifeThe evolution of sports lighting has reflected changes in our culture—particularlyin terms of recreation and the emergence of televisionBy Patricia HuntSports have been a part ofhumanity since humans havebeen on the earth. Originally away to learn and practice skillsrequired for survival, they developedinto an important way to relax orentertain.While sports like archery and certaintrack and field events can easilybe recognized for their roots in survivalskills, many other sports havedeep roots, as well. Evidence of a“bowling-like” game has been found inancient Egyptian artifacts dating backto 3200 BC. The sports we morecommonly think of as modern surprisinglyseem to have come to somesort of formal rules and guidelines ataround the turn of the 20th Century.Baseball was officially “invented” in1839 by Abner Doubleday, althoughreferences to its roots have beenfound dating back to 1791. Softballwas started in 1887 and Little Leaguewas launched in 1939.The first intercollegiatefootball game occurred in1869, the football was patented in1867, and the first professional gamewas held in 1895.With the manufacture of the firstcommercially available lamp in 1881,could lighting sports be far behind?The first night football game tookplace September 29, 1892. Twentylights of 2000 candlepower wereThe explosion of televised sports beginning in the 1970s hashad a huge impact on lighting design.used. The first major league baseballnight game occurred May 24, 1935 atCrosley Field in Cincinnati withPresident Franklin Roosevelt throwingthe switch from the White Houseon this historic event. The CincinnatiReds beat the Philadelphia Phillies 2-1.Standards EmergeNot surprisingly, the emergence ofnight sports became the impetus forstandards and recommended practices.The National ElectricalManufacturers Association was heavilyinvolved with developing standards,while the IESNA began publishing“Lighting Data Sheets” for individualsports late in the 1920s. The DataSheets included photographs, plansand detailed information on actualinstallations. The first sports facilitiescovered by the Data Sheets fromOctober of 1929 to January of 1930were a boxing ring, basketball court,bowling alley, indoor tennis court anda squash court. Data Sheets coveringadditional sports and sports facilities(gymnasiums, arenas, etc,) were publishedup to the first edition of theIESNA Handbook in 1947. By then,there had been standardization tosome degree within each sport dueto the development of playing rules bylocal and national athletic organiza-75 www.iesna.org

tions. These groups specified therequired characteristics and dimensionof equipment and playing areas.Standards as outlined in the firstIESNA Handbook created a firm foundationfor the standards used overthe last century leading to today.The primary vision factors that areapplicable in all lighting installationsare applicable to sports, as well.However, the factors, being variable,are more complex. For example, theobject to be seen has varying size,location, path and velocity. The backgroundaverage brightness and brightnesspattern varies as the objectmoves across backgrounds and evenThe first major league baseball night game took place onMay 24, 1935.The Reds played the Philadelphia Phillies thatnight, and Franklin Roosevelt switched on the lights fromthe White House. Cincinnati won the game 2-1.PHOTO: COURTESY OFSCHENECTADY MUSEUM &PLANETARIUM.the observer location, path and velocityis not constant. Much of the objectis best lighted by controlling the verticalillumination.To achieve the best illumination forthese varied conditions, diffuse illuminationfrom a number of source locationswas recommended.Illumination levels recommendationswere established based onspeed of play, distance to spectatorsand orientation of spectators. Thepotential seating capacity was anadded measure of class of play withover 30,000 being Class I, 10,000-30,000 Class II, 5000-10,000 Class III,and under 5000 Class IV.The difference between aerial andground sports with different requirementsfor vertical and horizontal illuminationwas outlined.Finally, three factors particularlyimportant to sports lighting were outlined.1. Observers will have no fixedvisual axis or field of view.2. The object will have no fixedlocation or no fixed orientation withrespect to the observer.3.Observers should be able to estimateaccurately object velocity andtrajectory.Three “observers” were recognized:players; officials; and spectators.Over time an additional observer hasbeen added to the list—televisioncameras.Sources and LuminairesIn 1947, the primary source forsports lighting was incandescent light.To increase the light output,increasingthe voltage to the lamp was often recommended.If the lamp operatingtime was to be 200 hours per year orless an over-voltage of 10 percent wasrecommended, between 200 and1000 hours per year five percentover-voltage and for more that 1000hours per year (approximately ratedlife) rated voltage was recommended.Incandescent or halogen lightingwas recommended as the primarysource for outdoor sports lightingand larger indoor sports venues wellinto the 1960s. Fluorescent light wasused in indoor sports venues whereceiling heights were lower, almostsince it was developed. Fluorescentlights offered increased lamp life andreduced maintenance in venues thatwere used frequently like indoor tenniscourts and bowling alleys. Mercuryvapor and sodium vapor lamps wereavailable in the ’40s, as well, howevernot heavily favored for sports lighting.It was understood early on that lightscontrolled by ballasts should be operatedon multiple phases of a threephasecircuits to eliminate the potentialfor stroboscopic effects that willaffect the visibility of the movingobjects.Incandescent flood lights using abase up orientation were recommendedto reduce bulb-blackeningand bulb-blistering.Maintenance was aconcern as related to keeping theluminaires clean, in addition to lampfailures. When smoking was commonin indoor sports venues, the grime itleft severely affected the light outputof the floodlights.The smoke from theevening’s activities would float towhere the lights were during theevent. When the lights were thenturned off, the vacuum left by thereduced heat sucked the smoke intothe luminaire and coated all the surfaceswith a dark film.To combat thisproblem, luminaires were fitted withcharcoal filters. With the advent of nosmoking laws for places of assembly,the charcoal filters have long since fallenout of favor.Today, two types of lighting sourcesare commonly used for sports lightingapplications: metal halide and fluorescent.UniformityAnother critical concern of sportslighting is uniformity, since a fast-movingobject passing quickly from a lightto a dark space will appear to accelerate.Theimportance of uniform lightlevels and modeling, and the effectthat has on the ability of an observerto accurately see the object of playand anticipate its speed and trajectorywas known early. However, ways toevaluate the uniformity and modelingof a lighting design were slow tobecome available to the lightingdesigner. The first uniformity measurewas a ratio of maximum illuminationlevel to the minimum level, eitheramong calculated values or measuredvalues in the field. The max to minuniformity measure left something tobe desired in giving an accurate evaluationof the visual uniformity for thevarious observers.In the mid-to-late 1980s,uniformitygradient and coefficient of variancewere also introduced as additionalmeasures of the uniformity of a givenplaying field. Uniformity gradient isdefined as the ratio of maximum tominimum illuminance between adjacentcalculated or measured points.Coefficient of variance is a ratio of thestandard deviation of all illuminancevalues compared to the mean illuminancevalue. While all of these mea-76 www.iesna.org

sures show a piece of the uniformitylandscape, none of them give a completepicture, so it is recommendedthat multiple methods be used to givethe most accurate evaluation of thelighting design.Sports Imitates LifeNot surprisingly, cultural changesand technological developments haveleft their mark on sports lighting.Among the most notable was television.A special section in the February1973 edition of LD+A chronicled howa boom in the popularity of sportsbrought about the construction ofsports facilities at an unprecedentedrate.Combined with this was the proliferationof “color telecasting.” The1973 article focused on two new stadiumsin Kansas City, MO.(Arrowhead and Royal Stadium) andhow 1500-watt metal halide wasselected over incandescent sourcesbecause fewer luminaires would beneeded. A second key factor in theselection of metal halide was that itscolor temperature of 3200K was“nearly perfect” for color telecasting’sneeds (based on the 3100K incandescentfigure).The article went on to describehow the computer also began to playa part in sports lighting, in terms ofluminaire positioning. At ArrowheadStadium, computer printouts of footcandlelevels and beam patterns forthe original configuration of the fixtures(based largely on aesthetics)foretold problems of glare reachingspectators and insufficient illumination.The luminaires were ultimatelyrepositioned to the benefit of bothspectators in attendance and thoseviewing the color telecast.Color uniformity is another concernwith color telecasting.Since metalhalide is known to color shift overtime this slowed down the universalacceptance of this source for televisedvenues.To this day,lighting for televisioncontinues to be a critical issue. Withmore and more sporting events beingtelevised on public access, designersare requesting guidance on lightingrequirements. Toward that end, theIESNA is currently working on a designOverhead mouted luminaires follow the skating track, while luminairesbehind the seating reinforce vertical luminance for TV coverage.Light trespass is one of today’s hot-button issues. Control ofglare and spill light at this football field and baseball field isaccomplished using full-cutoff luminaires.guide focused on lighting for televisedsports. Advances in the electronicsindustry also play a role. For instance,high definition TV requires higher lightlevels and better uniformity than standardtelevision; however, camera technologyhas improved, as well, and hasoffset most of the added requirements.Another development affectingboth sports and lighting was theintroduction of the domed stadium.On April 12, 1965, the HoustonAstrodome, the first ballpark to havea roof over the playing field, wasopened. The roof structure was acomplex of “dark lines” where thestructural members were and lightspaces where the translucent roofpanels were.Together they created avisual background that made it verydifficult for the players and spectatorsto follow the trajectory of fly balls. Tominimize the problem, the ceiling panelswere painted out. Unfortunately,the real grass originally used for thefield was unable to survive withoutthe sunlight, which led to anothergroundbreaking development insports—plastic grass called Astroturf.Today covered playing fields havebecome quite common.The roof systemsallows lights to be installed closerto the playing field in large stadiums;however their added weight andaccess need to be accommodatedwithin the structural system. Oftenaccess requires adding a catwalk.Mounting lights on the catwalk needscareful coordination with the structureto ensure the required aimingAugust 2005 LD+A 77

Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia illustrates how lightingstrikes a balance between the needs of those inside a stadiumand sensitivity to the surrounding neighborhood.The height ofthe lighting masts was minimized to reduce light trespass inthe community but raised slightly next to the scoreboard tolimit glare to spectators.PHOTO: COURTESY OF EWINGCOLE, BY JEFFREY TOTAROangles can provide an unobstructedview of the field.Today’s DichotomyThe IESNA Recommended Practicefor Sports Lighting (RP-6-01) pointsout that as the population of NorthAmerica has grown and prospered,the amount of leisure time devotedto recreation has increased.The consequencehas been growth in thedemand for lighted stadiums toaccommodate the large numbers ofpeople who want to participate.From the 1980s to the 1990s, lightsource efficacies have improved,which has allowed for improved lightingquality without additional electricalenergy consumption.The irony is that the demand forlighted stadiums from these recreationalathletes runs counter to thedemand from some of these verysame citizens to control light trespassand glare in residential areas. Cutoffsports luminaires are available; however,their effectiveness is still beingresearched. What seems certain isFLASHBACKLD+A: August 2004Last year’s IIDA issue featured the Bunker Hill Bridge inBoston and its theatrical-style colored lighting system tobe used for “special occasions, such as the Fourth of Julyand perhaps someday, a Boston Red Sox championship.”After 86 years of waiting, who knew that daywas just two months away?that the games will continue, as ourindustry looks for better illuminationsolutions in our second century.For further information on lighting forsports and recreational areas refer tothe IESNA RP-6-01.LD+A’s “Century Series” celebratespioneers,achievements and developmentsin lighting, as IESNA approaches its centennialin January 2006.About the Author: Patricia Hunt,Member IESNA (1981), is alighting designer and seniorassociate with Hammel,Green and Abrahamson,Minneapolis,MN.She is vicechairman of IESNA’s Sports &Recreational Areas Committee and recipient,in 2003, of the IESNA DistinguishedService Award, which honors those whohave furthered the mission of the Societyin non-technical areas.78 www.iesna.org

LIGHT PRODUCTSLSI Industries’ Greenlee ALV series of low and line voltage architecturalluminaires include a variety of specification-grade luminaires. Such fixturesinclude: accent lights, direct burial luminaires, recessed wall mountedluminaires, surface mounted wall cylinders, pathway spread lights and signlights.The series is ideal for both residential and commercial landscape andsign lighting requirements.www.lsi-industries.comQ Lighting engineers’ Bil-liteSport Utility Light (SUL) weighsonly one-ounce and easily clips tothe bill of a hat, glasses or nearlyanything handy, using a surgicalgrade mounting clip.The Bil-lite pivots90 deg and rotates 360 degallowing for complete directionalcontrol and provides 100 hours ofuse from two 3-volt lithium coinbatteries. In the dark, when neededmost, the Bil-lite sends a definedbeam up to 35 ft.www.q-lighting.comLeviton’s EZ-MAX lighting control relays offer users the power andperformance of the companies Z-MAX lighting control relay systems in acompact, cost-efficient package that features simplified, menu-driven setup.Offeredin three ready-to-go stock cabinet versions,EZ-Max relays providean easy, convenient way for contractors on moderately sized jobs toset up four automated relays quickly and easily.www.leviton.comThe new, expanded edition ofSternberg Lighting’s StreetscapeImaging II software makes it possibleto show specifiers and customersexactly how Sternberglighting products will look on theirsite. The software also allows theuser to change day photos intonight and even illuminate the fixturesin place on the screen.www.sternberglighting.comThe Libra series decorative wallsconce from Eclipse LightingInc. features custom-cut perfex onthe top, bottom and center of thefixture. These unique designs featurecustom options suggested byour customers. This sconce complementssurrounding architectureand is available in round, triangularand rectangular shapes. They aredurably built for outdoor andindoor use with a choice of energyefficientcompact fluorescent, HIDand Induction light sources.www.eclipselightinginc.com80 www.iesna.org

Louis Poulsen Lighting’s cable hanger device is now available with theorbiter and nyhavn outdoor luminaires. Introduced with the LP Icon, thecable hanger unit attaches to the top of each fixture, allowing single or multiplefixtures to be suspended from a cable.The hanger serves as an exterior-rated,through-wiring splice box that provides a safe electrical connectionwhile preventing water from entering the fixture. Cable hanger mountingis ideal for pedestrian streets, courtyards and narrow roadways wherethe addition of lighting poles would clutter the landscape.www.louispoulsen.comThe Triada Bollard from Forms+ Surfaces is remarkably durableand the louvered head and expressivelyshaped column are bothmade of rustproof cast aluminum.Durable powdercoat finish offers amultitude of color options. Theconcealed base plate mounting orembedded tubular steel core providesextra security.www.forms-surfaces.comALP Lighting1/2 island adThe integrated luminant lightpoints found in Philips Lighting’sAurelle deck light creates ambiancefor deck, patios, stairways, pathways,gardens as well as indoor use.The deck light comes in a completekit that allows for easy installationfor both contractors and do-ityourselfenthusiasts. Available inblue and white colors and for studmount or recessed fittings.www.lighting.philips.comAugust 2005 LD+A 81