General Hydraulics

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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurgeCauses Pump start-up or shut down Power failure Sudden valve closureImpacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise Mechanical damage Catastrophic system failure
∆P = rc∆v/gwherer = fluid densityc = wave speedv = change in velocity of fluidg = gravitational constantc is influenced by pipe materialP directly proportional to ∆v
Page 1 and 2: SAWEA Workshop 2010Innovative Water
Page 4 and 5: Select pipe sizes and fittings for
Page 6 and 7: Q = VAwhereQ = flow rate (m/s)V = a
Page 8 and 9: Water has energy, namely Potential
Page 10 and 11: Energy is lost in piping systems du
Page 12: and for pressurized pipe systems:HG
Page 15: Typical Values:Steel 0.010Cast Iron
Page 18 and 19: Typical Values:PVC 150Steel 140Cast
Page 20: The method isbased on: ContinuityEq
Page 23 and 24: Energy 1 = Energy 2V 12 /2g + p 1 /
Page 26 and 27: • Head• Resistance of the syste
Page 28 and 29: In most cases: Total head = Static
Page 30 and 31: Pump performancecurve• Duty point
Page 34 and 35: Results insurge wavepropagatingandr
Page 36: At pump Pump control valves Surge a
Page 39 and 40: Developing databases of system asse
Page 41 and 42: Metropolitan District CommissionHar
Page 43 and 44: Cleveland (OH) Division of Water•
Page 45 and 46: Field Sampling Used to Develop Wate
Page 47 and 48: Surge Models Created from Large Sys
Page 49 and 50: Keeping Distribution Systems in Top
Page 51 and 52: Energy Use Optimized for Durham Reg

General Hydraulics

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