Dùthchas na Mara Dúchas na Mara Belonging to the Sea
Dùthchas na Mara Dúchas na Mara Belonging to the Sea
Dùthchas na Mara Dúchas na Mara Belonging to the Sea
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cleachdadh mar chuid de ‘iomlan’ cumanta(Lenzerini 2010).Tha àm mùthadh seo air an lagh eadarnàiseantaa rèir spiorad Cairt-talmhainn<strong>na</strong>n Daoine Dùthchasach ann an 1992 atha a-mach air an cuid chòraichean mareileamaidean deatamach de bhith air lethair a bheil iad a’ gabhail cearcall <strong>na</strong> beatha,far an <strong>to</strong>ir atharrachadh air ao<strong>na</strong>n de <strong>na</strong>h-eileamaidean aice buaidh air a’ chòrr. Thae cuideachd mar sgal-creige de <strong>na</strong> thuirt <strong>na</strong>seann iasgairean Barrach a chuir saoghaldualchasach san robh a h-uile duine san aoneathar an coimeas ri saoghal an latha andiughfar an robh a h-uile duine ag iarraidhgum biodh eathar aige dha fhèin, agusiasgair òg à Barraigh a thug dealbh dentuigse a bh’ aige air a mhuir mar a lea<strong>na</strong>s:Tha a h-uile càil ceangailte ri chèile,chan urrainn dhut an dealachadh, ischan urrainn dhut beantainn ri cuiddheth gun buaidh a thoirt air a’ chòrrdheth…. (Ní Bhraonáin 2011 a )Co-dhù<strong>na</strong>dhSan rannsachadh againn, bha sin<strong>na</strong>g iarraidh faighinn a-mach a bheilfreumhan cultarail <strong>na</strong>s doimhne ris an strìphoilitigeach a tha a’ tachairt an-dràstas<strong>na</strong> h-uisgeachan timcheall air Barraighis Arainn Mhòr. Tha sinn den bheachd gubheil an rannsachadh seo a’ cur an cèillgu bheil an leithid a fhreumhan ann, agusgu bheil e cuideachadh gus ni<strong>the</strong>an deshealladh-saoghail Ceilteach beò, ann ansuidheachadh practaigeach a bhuineasdhan latha an-diugh, a chur ann ambriathran. Bidh sgrùdaidhean mun t-seòrsaseo de dh’eòlas a’ cumail mar as trice ri44Gostrásta, d’amharc an dlí idirnáisiúntaar chearta díreach mar rud inteacht ad’fhéadfadh duine ao<strong>na</strong>ir feidhmiú marchosaint in aghaidh <strong>na</strong> cochoitiantachta.Ós a choinne seo, feiceann an Dearbhúcearta a bheith i ndán a bheith feidhmi<strong>the</strong>mar chuid de ‘iomlán’ i gcoitinne (Lenzerini2010).Tá an bogadh seo sa dlí idirnáisiúnta araon dul le meanma Cairt Talún DaoineDúchasacha 1992 a ní trácht ar a gcuidcearta mar ghnéi<strong>the</strong> riata<strong>na</strong>cha d’aonánsonraíoch ar a dtugann siad ciorcal <strong>na</strong>beatha air, i<strong>na</strong> n-imríonn athrach ar chion<strong>na</strong>mháin dá gcuid gnéi<strong>the</strong> rian ar an iomlán.Tá sé mar gháir chreag den mhéid a dúirtan seaniascaire Barrach a chuir an saolfadó nuair a bhí achan duine sa bhádcéan<strong>na</strong> i bhfarradh is saol an lae inniu agusachan duine ag iarraidh báid dó féin, agusiascaire níos óige as Oileán Bharra a thugiomrá ar an tuigbheáil a bhí aige ar anfharraige mar seo a lea<strong>na</strong>s:Tá achan rud ceangailte, cha tig leatiad a scaradh, agus cha tig leat baintdo chuid de gan dul i bhfeidhm ar anchuid eile de…. (Ní Bhraonáin 2011 a )ConclúidInár gcuid taighde, <strong>the</strong>astaigh uainnfiafraí an bhfuil fréamhacha cultúrtha níosdoimhne leis <strong>na</strong> coimhlintí polaitiúla atá arsiúl san am i láthair ar <strong>na</strong> huiscí thart fáOileán Bharra is Árainn Mhór. Creideannmuid go gcuireann ár gcuid taighde igcéill go bhfuil a leithéidí de fhréamhachaann, agus go gcuidíonn sé, i comhthéacsPeoples’ Earth Charter 1992 which talksabout <strong>the</strong>ir rights as essential elementsof a unique entity that <strong>the</strong>y describe as<strong>the</strong> circle of life, where a change <strong>to</strong> oneof its elements affects <strong>the</strong> whole. It alsoechoes <strong>the</strong> comment of <strong>the</strong> older Barrafisherman who contrasted a traditio<strong>na</strong>lsociety where everyone was in <strong>the</strong> sameboat, with a modern society whereeveryone wanted <strong>the</strong>ir own boat, and ayounger Barra fisherman who describedhis understanding of <strong>the</strong> sea as follows:It’s all intertwined, you can’tseparate it, and you can’t tamperwith some of it without affecting<strong>the</strong> rest of it…. (Bren<strong>na</strong>n 2011 a )ConclusionIn our research we wanted <strong>to</strong> inquirein<strong>to</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re are deeper culturalroots <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> current political conflictstaking place on <strong>the</strong> waters around Barraand Arranmore. We believe this researchsuggests that <strong>the</strong>re are such roots, andhelps <strong>to</strong> articulate, in a contemporaryand practical context, aspects of a livingCeltic worldview. Studies of this kind ofknowledge are usually confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>fields of ethnology and folklore with nosignificant place in <strong>the</strong> considerationsof governments and policymakers.Seen from this new perspective, <strong>the</strong>fishermen’s testimonies reveal a<strong>na</strong>ppreciation of <strong>the</strong> <strong>na</strong>tural world thatis immediate, functio<strong>na</strong>l and practical— a <strong>na</strong>tural world in which <strong>the</strong> islandpeople are an integral and necessarypart. This appreciation, in turn, reflectseòlas-chinnidhean is aithris-bheòil gunàite cudromach sam bith nuair a bhiosluchd-riaghaltais is luchd-poileasaidha’ beachdachadh. A’ sealltainn ris bhontaobh ùr seo, tha fia<strong>na</strong>is <strong>na</strong>n iasgairean a’nochdadh tuigse air an t-saoghal nàdarraa tha luath, feumail is seaghach - saoghalnàdarra sa bheil <strong>na</strong> h-eilea<strong>na</strong>ich <strong>na</strong>n cuid gumath feumail is deatamach. Tha an tuigseseo an uair sin a’ nochdadh mìneachadhàrainneachd-poileasaidh <strong>na</strong> cruinne aira’ Chòmhdhail mu Bhith-eugsamhlachd athuigeas gu bheil clann-daoine is nàdarceangailte ri chèile san aon rian-bheatha.Tha de chomas aig cruinneachadh làidir deneòlas dhùthchasach s<strong>na</strong> h-eilea<strong>na</strong>n Gàidhligseo a dh’èirich às a’ chàirdeas fhada ‘sdhlùth aig <strong>na</strong> h-eilea<strong>na</strong>ich ris an nàdar, chomath ri ullachadh san lagh eadar-nàiseantaa bheir luach don eòlas seo, ceangal ricaochladh dhòighean gus eòlas a chur airàrainneachd <strong>na</strong> mara. ‘S coltach gu bheilan dìth ceangail a th’ ann an-dràsta eadar<strong>na</strong> dòighean seo gus an saoghal a thuigsin<strong>na</strong>’ cur gu bu<strong>na</strong>iteach ris an strì a tha a’ dolair adhart s<strong>na</strong> h-eilea<strong>na</strong>n. Tha sinn denbheachd ma lorgar àite airson a h-uile ginde <strong>na</strong> ‘saoghail’ seo gum faodte dòigh <strong>na</strong>ssaidhbhre gus eòlas is tuigse fhaighinn aira’ mhuir dham buin sinn a chruthachadh.reatha is praiticiúil, le gnéi<strong>the</strong> de dhearcadhdomhanda Ceilteach beo a chur in iúl ibhfocail. De ghnáth, coinnítear taighde denchineál seo le heitneolaíocht is béaloideasgan áit ar bith mór le rá i dtuairimí luchtrialtais ná lucht déanta beartas. Ag amharcair ón dearcadh úr seo, nochtann a bhfuille rá ag <strong>na</strong> hiascairí tuigbheáil ar shaolan dúlra atá ann ar an bhall, feidhmeachis praiticiúil - saol an dúlra a bhfuil <strong>na</strong>hoileá<strong>na</strong>igh i<strong>na</strong> gcuid riachta<strong>na</strong>ch. Nochtan<strong>na</strong>n tuigbheáil seo í féin léirmhíniúchán luchtbeartas timpeallachta <strong>na</strong> cruinne ar anChoinbhinsiún um Éagsúlacht Bhi<strong>the</strong>olaíocha thuigeas go bhfuil an duine is andúlra ceangailte le<strong>na</strong> chéile sanéiceachóras chéan<strong>na</strong>.Tá de chumas ag an chorp láidir seo is<strong>na</strong>hoileáin Ghaelacha seo d’eolas traidisiúntaa d’eascair as an ghaol dhlúth a bhí agmuintir <strong>na</strong> n-oileán leis an dúlra, diomaiteden chreat sa dlí idirnáisiúnta a bheireannluach don eolas seo, dóighean<strong>na</strong> éagsúlale eolas a chur ar thimpeallacht <strong>na</strong> mara a<strong>na</strong>sc. Is dóiche go gcuireann an díth <strong>na</strong>isceadar <strong>na</strong> bealaí éagsúla tuigbheála i láthair<strong>na</strong> huaire go bunúsach leis <strong>na</strong> coimhlintíatá ar siúl go fóill is<strong>na</strong> hoileáin.. Creideannmuid fríd áit a chur ar fáil d’achan chionndo <strong>na</strong> ‘saoltaí’ seo sa chionn eile dóigh níossaibhre a chruthú le eolas is tuigbheáil abheith againn ar <strong>na</strong> farraigí a mbaineannsinn leofa.<strong>the</strong> inter<strong>na</strong>tio<strong>na</strong>l policy environment’sinterpretation of <strong>the</strong> Convention onBiological Diversity which understandshumans and <strong>na</strong>ture as interconnectedwithin <strong>the</strong> same ecosystem.The existence on <strong>the</strong>se Gaelic-speakingislands of a strong body of traditio<strong>na</strong>lknowledge that has emerged from<strong>the</strong> island people’s long and closerelationship with <strong>na</strong>ture, alongside<strong>the</strong> existence in inter<strong>na</strong>tio<strong>na</strong>l law ofa framework which gives value <strong>to</strong>this knowledge, has <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>to</strong>connect different ways of knowing <strong>the</strong>marine environment. It is likely that<strong>the</strong> current lack of connection between<strong>the</strong>se different ways of understanding<strong>the</strong> world contributes fundamentally<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ongoing conflicts on <strong>the</strong> islands.We believe that finding a place for eachof <strong>the</strong>se ‘worlds’ within <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r couldgive rise <strong>to</strong> a richer way of knowingand understanding <strong>the</strong> seas <strong>to</strong> whichwe belong.45