Fishing capacity management and IUU fishing in Asia - FAO.org

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Executive summaryThe Asian region accounts for about 50 percent of global wild capture fisheries production andabout 90 percent of aquaculture production. The sustainable management of these fisheriesresources, therefore, is an activity of global importance as well as being critical to countries of theregion. However, the history of exploitation of wild fish stocks of the region has been one ofsequential overexploitation, open access fisheries and low profitability. Despite this history, therehas been a growing recognition in recent years of the need to manage fish stocks for long-termsustainability. This regional synthesis summarizes information, based on responses to questionnairessent to 15 countries of the region and previously available information, on the current status of themanagement of fishing capacity and how countries of the region are addressing illegal, unregulatedand unreported (IUU) fishing by both national and foreign fleets.National Plans of Action (NPOAs) on fishing capacity in the region are now more common than in2002 and some progress has been reported in attempting to assess fishing capacity in major fisheries,particularly small-scale fisheries. In addition, the number of specific capacity reduction programmesundertaken in the region has increased since 2002, again with the emphasis on small-scale fisheries.However, the effectiveness, on a regional scale, of these initiatives is not yet apparent since fishingcapacity in both industrial scale and small-scale fisheries has continued to rise in the region and isnow, on average, 12.5 percent above 2002 levels. Production has also decreased in the majority offisheries for which data were provided. A lack of policy and operational tools in the region washighlighted by many countries, with only 50 percent of the major fisheries having managementplans. Methods for measuring fishing capacity, such as vessel licensing systems or census data, andcatch and effort data systems are often being poorly developed and monitoring, control andsurveillance (MCS) capabilities generally inadequate. IUU remains a major issue to be addressedalthough the recent Asia-Pacific Fisheries Commission (APFIC) “call for action” and the RegionalPlan of Action for Responsible Fisheries, signed by 11 countries, may provide a template forregional action and coordination on this.vii
1. IntroductionAsia is the world’s largest producer of seafood, accounting for over 50 percent of global productionfrom wild capture fisheries as well as around 90 percent of global aquaculture production. As such,the management of wild capture fisheries in the region for long-term sustainability is of globalsignificance as well as being of vital national interest to the countries of the region because fishingactivities account, in many countries, for a significant proportion of GDP and are often important insupporting large rural populations. Despite this importance, the history of exploitation andmanagement of wild fish resources in the region has generally not been good with stocks oftenbeing overexploited both historically and also in recent times (for example, see Butcher, 2004 fora review of the history of sequential overexploitation in the industrial marine fisheries of SoutheastAsia and Sugiyama, Staples and Funge-Smith, 2004 for a review of the status of regional fisheries),fisheries that are usually characterized by open access and hence overcapacity and low profitabilityand weak enforcement of fisheries regulations (see Box 1 for the benefits of better management offisheries).However, there has been a growing recognition within the region that the rapid decline in fisheryresources over the past thirty to forty years must be curtailed and that there is a need to manage wildfisheries resources for long term sustainability (see, for example, Morgan, 2006). This is beingreflected in many countries by an increasing emphasis on measuring and managing fishing capacityand on controlling illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, both by nationals of coastalstates and also by foreign fishing fleets.The extent to which progress has been made by countries of the region in addressing the key issuesof overcapacity and IUU fishing was examined as part of a workshop, organized by the Asia-PacificFisheries Commission (APFIC) and held in Phuket, Thailand in June 2007. As a background paperto this workshop, this regional synthesis has been prepared to provide information on progress andtrends in the region in identifying and implementing actions on the major issues of overcapacity andIUU fishing and to provide an assessment of the effectiveness of these actions. This synthesis relieson information provided directly by the APFIC countries, which was requested from all countrydelegates as part of the preliminary work undertaken for the workshop. The information is thereforecurrent and provides a snapshot of fishing capacity and IUU issues which has not previously beenavailable.It is anticipated that the information contained in this regional synthesis will provide the necessarybackground for identifying the major issues related to management of fishing capacity and IUUfishing and for developing specific action plans at both national and regional level.1
Page 1 and 2: Fishing capacitymanagement and IUUf
Page 3 and 4: The designation and presentation of
Page 5: Table of contentsExecutive summary
Page 9 and 10: 2. MethodologyUp to date informatio
Page 11 and 12: 3. Fisheries capacity management in
Page 13 and 14: Unless these pre-requisites are add
Page 15 and 16: Box 3: What the fishers are saying
Page 17 and 18: Table 3: A summary of tools availab
Page 19 and 20: fisheries with management plans, th
Page 21 and 22: egistration and licensing systems,
Page 23 and 24: It is also interesting to note from
Page 25 and 26: Table 5: Comparison between reporte
Page 27 and 28: 4. IUU issues in APFIC countriesIUU
Page 29 and 30: It is clear that foreign IUU fishin
Page 31 and 32: Conclusions: Countries of the regio
Page 33 and 34: The RPOA, which is designed to begi
Page 35: ASIA-PACIFIC FISHERY COMMISSIONFAO

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