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Health Sector Strategy on Climate Change Adaptation Policy HandbookOverview of the Health Effects of Climate ChangeThe framework below shows the general climate change and health link 1II. Sector Situation: Climate Change Impacts on Health in the PhilippinesClimate change in the Philippine health sector has been noticed for more than a decadenow. It had a section in the first national communications submitted to the UNFCCsecretariat in 1999 where it established initial local trends and impacts. 2 From thereseveral orientation sessions and forums followed with different funding agencies aimed ateducation and awareness on the subject. There has however been no formal focusedintervention as to climate change and health.While the National Objectives for Health (NOH 2005-2010) does not specificallymention climate change as an area of concern when it comes to health, it rather looks atthe health effects from a focused approach. It looks at environmental degradation with aircarrying pollutants and particulates and its effects on the health of populations; 3 anddisasters from a perspective of affectation of health due to loss of limb and life. 4 We1 http://www.who.int/globalchange/climate/summary/en/index2.htm2 Philippines First national communications for climate change. Health, Chapter 3, p.15.Available from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/phinc1.pdf3 National Objectives for Health 2005-2010, Reducing Burden of Disease, Chapter 4,p.254. Available fromhttp://www2.doh.gov.ph/noh2007/NOHWeb32/NOHperSubj/Chap4/EnvironmentalHR.pdf4 National Objectives for Health 2005-2010, Reducing Burden of Disease, Chapter 4, p.249. Available from96140
Health Sector Strategy on Climate Change Adaptation Policy Handbookknow that natural calamities like typhoons, floods, volcanic eruptions and earthquakesare other major environmental hazards that are common in the Philippines.These hazards are more difficult to control and mitigate. Although environmentaldisasters happen naturally, man-made environmental degradation cannot be discounted asa major culprit in some instances. Because diseases, disabilities and deaths are direconsequences of these hazards, the health sector is usually left to handle the managementand rehabilitation of victims. 5Eight of the 10 leading causes of morbidity in the Philippines are infectious in nature.Among them are pneumonia, diarrhea, bronchitis, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria,chicken pox and measles. 6 Pneumonia and tuberculosis still are in the top 10 causes ofmortality in the Philippines.Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue and filariasis, are ever present dangerin endemic areas. Although malaria is no longer a leading cause of death, it has remainedamong the leading causes of morbidity in the country, especially in rural areas. The surgein dengue cases occurring in cyclical outbreaks every three to five years remains a threatto public health. Efforts to eliminate filariasis are hindered by the limited resources forthe annual mass treatment in endemic areas 7 . As such, the NOH look at diseases fromthe perspective of an infectious nature, brought about by agents of disease. Due to itsmajor contribution to the country’s morbidity and mortality, it is also these which havebeen prioritized to be responded to and thus budgeted. We know that the communicableinfectious disease era has not run its full course as cases are ever present.While this is so, we have not really investigated an alternative possibility of looking atdisease as caused by changes in the weather, or in the long term – climate. That is to saythat we should look at the possibility of these diseases being caused by if not beingexacerbated by changes in the climate which may alter their life cycles and make theirexistence more favourable and extended, become more virulent, travel more distances;and therefore transmission to humans more likely as to cause infirmity. These we can callclimate sensitive diseases.Public health spending while it has been given priority still lacks the appropriationsneeded to fully respond to these diseases. While WHO recommends around 5% of GDP,we have spent around 1.49% of GDP for public health (private - 1.4% + public - 1.49%http://www2.doh.gov.ph/noh2007/NOHWeb32/NOHperSubj/Chap4/EnvironmentalHR.pdf5 Ibid.6 Field Health Survey Information System (FHSIS) 2002. Department of Health.7 National Objectives for Health 2005-2010, Reducing Burden of Disease, Chapter 4,p.132. Available fromhttp://www2.doh.gov.ph/noh2007/NOHWeb32/NOHperSubj/Chap4/PreventionCCD.pdf97141
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