Querying MicrosoftÂ® SQL ServerÂ® 2012 - Advanced Technology ...

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1-4 Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server 2012SQL Server ArchitectureThis topic will introduce you to the basic elements that make up SQL Server 2012. While there are manycomponents that ship with SQL Server 2012, this course focuses on writing queries against the databaseengine. Therefore, this lesson will similarly focus on those elements of SQL Server 2012 that you will mostfrequently encounter when writing queries.ServicesIn Windows, services are applications that start without user interaction, typically at computer startup.When SQL Server is installed, multiple services are set up on the computer. These include some or all ofthe following, depending on the options chosen during installation:• SQL Server 2012 database engine, which is responsible for executing commands submitted in theTransact-SQL, or T-SQL, language, database management, memory and disk allocation, and othercore features of SQL Server.• SQL Server Agent, which is responsible for executing scheduled jobs, monitoring the system fordefined alert conditions, and other administrative tasks.• Business intelligence components, which include SQL Server Reporting Services, SQL Server AnalysisServices, and SQL Server Integration Services.A myriad of other services and support applications may be installed when SQL Server is set up. As a querywriter, you will primarily be interacting with the SQL Server 2012 database engine, which we will refer tosimply as SQL Server.
10774A: Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012 1-5InstancesThe basic unit of installation and program execution for SQL Server is an instance. An instance is a copy ofthe SQLSERVR.EXE executable program, which runs as a Windows service. Logically, an instance representsthe programs and resource allocations that support a single copy of SQL Server running on a computer,such as memory, configuration files, and CPU. Multiple instances of SQL Server may be installed side-bysideon a single computer, whether the computer is a physical or a virtual server. Each instance is isolatedfrom other instances on the same computer, including disk files used, security permissions, and resourcesallocated. The exception to this is shared components such as management tools and documentation.One of the instances may be set up as the default instance, which means you will access it using only thename of the host computer. All other instances on the same computer must be named instances, whichyou will access using a combination of the host name and the instance name.Note You will work with instance names in a later lesson in this module.It is important to understand that an instance of SQL Server, as an installed copy of the database engine,is a container for databases. An instance can contain one or many databases. Logically, databases exist alevel down from instances in a hierarchy of SQL Server objects. A database cannot span multiple instances.ToolsSQL Server ships with a number of tools to manage, develop with, and query the database engine. Youwill find shortcuts to many of these tools on the Windows Start menu in the subfolders for Microsoft SQLServer 2012. In this course, you will primarily work with SQL Server Management Studio, or SSMS. SSMS isan integrated management, development, and querying application with many features for exploring andworking with your databases. Other tools you may encounter include:• SQLCMD, a command-line client that allows you to submit T-SQL commands as an alternative tousing the graphical SSMS application.• SQL Server Configuration Manager, which while primarily a tool for administrators, also includesfeatures useful for managing SQL Server software installed on client machines, such as the ability tocreate and manage aliases to SQL Servers.• SQL Server Installation Center, which provides the ability to add, remove, and modify SQL Serverprogram features, if you have permission to do so.
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Page 21 and 22: About This Course xxiAbout This Cou
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7-1Module 7Working with SQL Server
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