KIRKHAMFurniture-Making1982.pdf

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158 Charles Tomlinson, Illustrations of Trades, 1867, p. 52 159 ibid., p. 52 160 Arkell and Duckworth, tCabinet_lvlakerst, p. 191
CHAPTER 2 THE FURNITURE-NKINC CRAFTS: 2) THE DECORATIVE AND FINISHING PROCESSES AND UPHOLSTERY 51
Page 1 and 2: FURNITURE-IIAKING IN LONDON c. 1700
Page 3 and 4: LIST OF PLATES AND TABLES TABLE OF
Page 5 and 6: Abbreviations used in footnotes BL
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION It is the intention of
Page 9 and 10: ise of the professional designer. B
Page 11 and 12: provided a huge domestic market. It
Page 13 and 14: their own goods, formed part of the
Page 15 and 16: Footnotes David Landes, The Unbound
Page 17 and 18: 40 Of tenders submitted in 1856 for
Page 19 and 20: THE FURNITURE-flAKING CRAFTS: 1) TH
Page 21 and 22: the royal accounts, cabinet-makers
Page 23 and 24: legs listed in the Linnell inventor
Page 25 and 26: particular type of inlaid top was u
Page 27 and 28: public or, more often, to the large
Page 29 and 30: on which it was probably modelled.
Page 31 and 32: dressing-cases were known as fitter
Page 33 and 34: foreign craftsmen came on to the ma
Page 35 and 36: to obtain work in the quality trade
Page 37 and 38: had developed within chair-making i
Page 39 and 40: had moved premises to Wardour Stree
Page 41 and 42: furniture trade in 1850, he noted t
Page 43 and 44: Footnotes 1 M. Dorothy George, Lond
Page 45 and 46: 43 In 1750, a member of the Joiners
Page 47 and 48: I 86 Peter Thornton and William Rie
Page 49: 132 BM. Heal Collection, K.1797 133
Page 53 and 54: The main items gilded were frames.
Page 55 and 56: changed by 1870: the person who pro
Page 57 and 58: e-furnishing of Windsor Castle for
Page 59 and 60: each carved by different craftsmen
Page 61 and 62: century 66 . The specialisation was
Page 63 and 64: also used the services of a furnitu
Page 65 and 66: published in the same year as Campb
Page 67 and 68: within the craft, which was split i
Page 69 and 70: 24 Collyer, Directory, p. 95 and Ca
Page 71 and 72: 69 Collyer, Directory, p. 170 70 Ge
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER THE CRAFT TRAINING: APPRENT
Page 75 and 76: certain cases, the promise of a tra
Page 77 and 78: indentures 18 . This was sometimes
Page 79 and 80: to place advertisements in the news
Page 81 and 82: furniture trades. Parents needed to
Page 83 and 84: for which parents and guardians wer
Page 85 and 86: suggestions that the firm's reputat
Page 87 and 88: The relatively low fee of £31.lOs.
Page 89 and 90: years. Seven apprentices were taken
Page 91 and 92: He had as many if' not more apprent
Page 93 and 94: furniture-makers recorded with thei
Page 95 and 96: apprentices at will99. Low wages, o
Page 97 and 98: therefore were less able to train b
Page 99 and 100: Footnotes Margaret Gay Davies, The
Page 101 and 102:
41 (continued) master's name,which
Page 103 and 104:
76 see n. 56 and p. 164 77 see pp.
Page 105 and 106:
132 ibid., 22 Aug 1850 124 Francis
Page 107 and 108:
THE COMPREHENSIVE MAJUFACTURINC FIR
Page 109 and 110:
looking or pier-glasses bordered by
Page 111 and 112:
manufacturing firms. Indeed, the ma
Page 113 and 114:
combined cabinet-making and upholst
Page 115 and 116:
comprehensively as the leading West
Page 117 and 118:
indicate that turning was also exec
Page 119 and 120:
nineteenth century London were Gill
Page 121 and 122:
was the production of a wide variet
Page 123 and 124:
mid-1860s) and also made the lookin
Page 125 and 126:
Lord lelbourne by Thomas Chippendal
Page 127 and 128:
use inferior materials to keep pric
Page 129 and 130:
24 ibid., p. 506 25 ibid., P. 510 2
Page 131 and 132:
71 ibid., p. 19 72 ibid., pp. 4 + 1
Page 133 and 134:
116 Henry Mayhew, ed. The Shops and
Page 135 and 136:
CHAPTER 5 WORKSHOPS: SIZE AND STOCK
Page 137 and 138:
trades, where each craftsman worked
Page 139 and 140:
chairs, had only eighty-five chair
Page 141 and 142:
They also illustrate the gulf betwe
Page 143 and 144:
of solid mahogany and veneers 39 .
Page 145 and 146:
furniture-making firm in the late e
Page 147 and 148:
workpeople in 1830 when the tools o
Page 149 and 150:
Footnotes 1 CLRO. Miscellaneous Com
Page 151 and 152:
47 Beard, 'Thomas Chippendale's Fir
Page 153 and 154:
91 Pollen, . cit., p. 204 92 David
Page 155 and 156:
THE ENTREPRENEUR FURNITURE-MAKER In
Page 157 and 158:
in the eight years prior to his par
Page 159 and 160:
The comprehensive nature of product
Page 161 and 162:
until a craft-trained son or male r
Page 163 and 164:
Winn in 1767, shortly after the dea
Page 165 and 166:
accepted by the mid-eighteenth cent
Page 167 and 168:
to finance his business. The £7,00
Page 169 and 170:
house, which originally cost about
Page 171 and 172:
circumstances permitted: indeed, he
Page 173 and 174:
135 daughter of a Baronet • Such
Page 175 and 176:
25 PRO LC 10/16 The bill included c
Page 177 and 178:
75 Kirkham, 'Ince and Mayhew', p. 5
Page 179 and 180:
127 The Gentleman's Magazine, Jan 1
Page 181 and 182:
THE DESIGNER In 1700, much of the f
Page 183 and 184:
Lock worked as an independent maste
Page 185 and 186:
(fl.c.1750-c.1779), in order to off
Page 187 and 188:
were talented designers with fewer
Page 189 and 190:
the enormous quantity of furniture
Page 191 and 192:
to manufacture and very soon there
Page 193 and 194:
80 headed the firm's design team in
Page 195 and 196:
at a more informal atmosphere where
Page 197 and 198:
early days, whose furniture designs
Page 199 and 200:
Footnotes 1 see Peter Ward-Jackson,
Page 201 and 202:
47 6CM, pp. 86-8 48 ibid. and LFM,
Page 203 and 204:
94 E.P. Thompson, The Making of the
Page 205 and 206:
MACHINERY The furniture trade did n
Page 207 and 208:
similar patent to come from a metro
Page 209 and 210:
to introduce machinery is confirmed
Page 211 and 212:
inventions and their firms are list
Page 213 and 214:
as well as a carving machine 59 . T
Page 215 and 216:
and down England as well as churche
Page 217 and 218:
Footnotes 1 J.H. Pollen, 'Furniture
Page 219 and 220:
49 Art Union, vol. VII, 1845, P. 17
Page 221 and 222:
CHAPTER NEW MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE
Page 223 and 224:
way as if they were wood. Costs wer
Page 225 and 226:
increased in popularity. Despite cl
Page 227 and 228:
it was used for pen-trays, inkstand
Page 229 and 230:
sideboard backs from the 1840g. The
Page 231 and 232:
travellers 61 , understood the cons
Page 233 and 234:
23 Papier mch manufacturers patente
Page 235 and 236:
CHAPTER 10 PATENTS 23
Page 237 and 238:
technological advances in materials
Page 239 and 240:
assistance of an upholsterer 15 . T
Page 241 and 242:
. quickly in the trade. By 1815, af
Page 243 and 244:
from Southampton and it is likely t
Page 245 and 246:
upholsterer, cabinet-maker and chai
Page 247 and 248:
in particular, the term 'patent' wa
Page 249 and 250:
was suitable for the nouveaux riche
Page 251 and 252:
gentlemen, turned manufacturer in o
Page 253 and 254:
y both Butler and Morgan and Sander
Page 255 and 256:
24 no. 11194 25 no. 2007 26 nos. 32
Page 257 and 258:
75 no. 2420. Hughes, . cit., P. 452
Page 259 and 260:
THE LONDON COMPANIES The craft guil
Page 261 and 262:
entrepreneurs, who dominated the gu
Page 263 and 264:
23 dealers and bed-joiners who must
Page 265 and 266:
to have used a company to present t
Page 267 and 268:
the aim of every respectable artisa
Page 269 and 270:
thereafter members were allowed an
Page 271 and 272:
the following decade .ahile between
Page 273 and 274:
Aldermen to revoke them, may have e
Page 275 and 276:
Footnotes William F. Kahi, The Deve
Page 277 and 278:
42 ibid., p. 47 43 ibid., p. 47 44
Page 279 and 280:
95 Kellett, 'Breakdown', pp. 389-90
Page 281 and 282:
TRADE SOCIETIES As guild controls w
Page 283:
society. One of the earliest visual
Page 286 and 287:
makers of the metropolis went on st
Page 288 and 289:
I - . i.'J I ( ) ' IiO. •/) 0.1
Page 290 and 291:
the 1790s, helped along by events i
Page 292 and 293:
comprehensive statement of prices o
Page 294 and 295:
70 1818 . West End upholsterers als
Page 296 and 297:
unions which hoped to break down so
Page 298 and 299:
Association of Working Men to Procu
Page 300 and 301:
of journeymen mechanics' 115 . Thes
Page 302 and 303:
done by free trade while the carpen
Page 304 and 305:
as agreed in the piece-rate books,
Page 306 and 307:
economic stability between 1848 and
Page 308 and 309:
173 makers and Carvers joined in th
Page 310 and 311:
Footnotes 1 E.P. Thompson, 'English
Page 312 and 313:
47 Thompson, English Working Class,
Page 314 and 315:
95 Lovett, Life and Struggles, p. 3
Page 316 and 317:
149 ibid. 150 ibid. 151 ibid. 152 i
Page 318 and 319:
CO NC LU S ION 31&
Page 320 and 321:
Although the London companies attem
Page 322 and 323:
Although the garret-masters of the
Page 324 and 325:
his profits by the concentration of
Page 326 and 327:
APPENDIX I 3z
Page 328 and 329:
TABLE 2 (Appendix I) Origins of App
Page 330 and 331:
TABLE 3 C raft cabinet-maker cabine
Page 332 and 333:
TABLE 6 I! 1711-19 1720-29 1 730_39
Page 334 and 335:
Table 7 (continued) Carver and Glid
Page 336 and 337:
TABLE 11 Apprenticeships of less th
Page 338 and 339:
Table 12 (continued) Ma ste rJF i r
Page 340:
Table 12 (continued) Master/Firm Oc
Page 343 and 344:
TABLE 1 CABINET Furniture patents t
Page 345 and 346:
TABLE 2 (continued) Oat e No. Name
Page 347 and 348:
TABLE 2 (continued) 8, Upholstery D
Page 349 and 350:
Marylebone Public Library Records o
Page 351 and 352:
London und Paris Notes to the Peopl
Page 353 and 354:
Ince, William and Mayhew, John The
Page 355 and 356:
I Weale, John ed. London Exhibited
Page 357 and 358:
Crook, J. Mordaunt 'The pre-Victori
Page 359 and 360:
Hayward, Helena Thomas Johnson and
Page 361 and 362:
Leeson, R.A. pited We Stand: an ill
Page 363 and 364:
Stedman Jones, Gareth Outcast Londo
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