Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome Notes

AP BIOLOGYMOLECULAR GENETICSACTIVITY #7NAME_____________________DATE____________HOUR____PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC GENOMEPROKARYOTIC GENOMEBacterial chromosome• Single• Circular• Double stranded (ds)DNA• Found in nucleoidregionPlasmid• Extra chromosomalDNA• ds DNASOURCES OF VARIATION AND RECOMBINATIONMutation• Change in DNA base sequences• Can lead to different sequence of amino acids in proteinTransformationBacteria pick up geneticmaterial from environmentForeign DNABacterial DNAMolecular Genetics Activity #7 page 1

ConjugationDirect transferof genes from onebacterium to anotherPlasmidTransductionGene transfer from1 bacterium toanother viabacteriophageTransposons• Pieces of DNA move from 1 location to another• AKA jumping genes• Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotesMolecular Genetics Activity #7 page 2

OPERONS – TRP OPERONMolecular Genetics Activity #7 page 3

OPERONS – LAC OPERONCodes for polypeptides that break down lactoseActive repressorIf lactose absent1. Repressor active2. Repressor binds to operator3. RNA polymerase blocked4. No transcription; notranslationAllolactoseIf lactose present1. Allolactose binds to repressor2. Repressor inactive3. RNA polymerase binds to promoter4. Genes transcribed5. mRNA translated6. Polypeptides needed for lactose breakdown producedMolecular Genetics Activity #7 page 4

EUKARYOTIC GENOME• Complex• Large amounts of protein• Contains enourmous amounts of DNAMolecular Genetics Activity #7 page 5