Energy and carbon balances of cascade chains for recovered wood
Energy and carbon balances of cascade chains for recovered wood
Energy and carbon balances of cascade chains for recovered wood
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Indirect <strong>cascade</strong> effectsCascading means more service per unit <strong>of</strong> virgin<strong>wood</strong>, or less virgin <strong>wood</strong> per unit <strong>of</strong> service...If l<strong>and</strong> is not needed <strong>for</strong> <strong>wood</strong> production, whatwill it be used <strong>for</strong>?• C sequestration• Bi<strong>of</strong>uel• Other <strong>wood</strong> productsThis also applies to substitution by non-<strong>wood</strong> materialSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Material substitution effectsUsing <strong>wood</strong> instead <strong>of</strong> other materials• E.g. <strong>wood</strong> structure instead <strong>of</strong> rein<strong>for</strong>cedconcrete; plasterboard instead <strong>of</strong> particleboard• Differences in production energy <strong>and</strong> <strong>recovered</strong>energy• Non-energy <strong>carbon</strong> emissions (e.g. calcination)Material substitution is not directly related to cascading,but can affect results <strong>of</strong> analysisSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Our methodology• Micro-level analysis <strong>of</strong> marginal changes• We calculate energy <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong>over the lifecycle <strong>of</strong> product <strong>chains</strong>• Damaged or contaminated <strong>wood</strong> is notconsideredSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Methodology• Begin each analysis with 1000 kg clean<strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong> at 15% moisture content• Forest l<strong>and</strong> needed to produce RW is either:– not included (assumes <strong>for</strong>est is limitingresource)– included (examines alternative uses <strong>for</strong><strong>for</strong>est resource)Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Relation between harvest, RW <strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong>est growthharvested<strong>wood</strong><strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>Wood <strong>recovered</strong> today washarvested 100 years ag<strong>of</strong>orest biomassForest has regrown-100time (yrs)0Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Relation between harvest, RW <strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong>est growthharvested<strong>wood</strong><strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>If <strong>for</strong>est is not harvested,it will either stop growing orgrow at half original rate<strong>for</strong>est biomassharvested<strong>wood</strong>50% growth <strong>of</strong> mature <strong>for</strong>estregrowth after harvest0% growth <strong>of</strong> mature <strong>for</strong>est-100 time (yrs)0100If <strong>for</strong>est is harvested now,it will regrow in 100 yearsSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
<strong>Energy</strong> balance+ Primary energy (PE) <strong>for</strong> <strong>wood</strong> recovery+ PE <strong>for</strong> <strong>for</strong>est management <strong>and</strong> harvest+ PE <strong>for</strong> material transport <strong>and</strong> processing– Heating value <strong>of</strong> logging <strong>and</strong> processing residuesused as fuel– Heating value <strong>of</strong> RW used as fuelSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
<strong>Energy</strong> used <strong>for</strong> biomass logisticsExpressed as percent <strong>of</strong> Heat Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>wood</strong>• Round<strong>wood</strong> harvest / transport 2.8 %• Logging residue recovery / transport 5 %• Sawmill residue recovery / transport 1 %• Chipping <strong>of</strong> round<strong>wood</strong> 1 %• Recovery (deconstruction) / transport<strong>of</strong> <strong>wood</strong> <strong>for</strong> reuse 3 %• Recovery (demolition) / transport<strong>of</strong> <strong>wood</strong> <strong>for</strong> fuel 1 %• Forest management 0.3 %Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Amounts <strong>and</strong> properties <strong>of</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>uelsSourceRecovery(%)MoistureContent(%)HeatingValue(MJ/kg)Recovered <strong>wood</strong> 100 15 18.6Sawmill residues 100 50 16.6Round<strong>wood</strong> <strong>for</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>uel 100 60 15.3Bark 100 60 15.3Branches, foliage, tops 70 60 15.3Roots <strong>and</strong> stumps 0 - -Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>for</strong> material processing(MJ/kg)Electricity Petroleum Coal NG Bi<strong>of</strong>uelLumber 0.41 2.26 0 0 1.88Particleboard (virgin <strong>wood</strong>) 1.08 2.79 0 0 2.50Particleboard (<strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>) 1.18 1.33 0 0 1.05Pulp (mechanical process) 5.40 0 0 0 0Concrete 0.07 0.21 0.37 0 0Steel (from scrap) 2.19 0.36 0.28 1.95 0Plasterboard 0.55 3.73 0 0 0Note: <strong>wood</strong> products energy starts at factory gateother products include raw material extractionSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Carbon balance+ CO 2 emission from fossil fuel combustion+ CO 2 emission from non-energy processreactions– CO 2 emission avoided by replacing fossil fuelby <strong>recovered</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>uel– increased (or + decreased) C stock in <strong>for</strong>est<strong>and</strong> productsSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Specific CO 2 emissionsSourcekg C / GJCoal 30Petroleum 22Natural gas 18Biomass 0Coal-fired electricity 77NG-fired electricity 37Specific emission fromfossil fuelsinclude full fuel cycleFossil emissionsassociated with bi<strong>of</strong>uelare calculated separatelyWe assume bi<strong>of</strong>uel replaces coal at 100% efficiency<strong>and</strong> NG at 96% efficiencySathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Carbon stocks• Forest biomass is 50% C• Stumps, roots <strong>and</strong> un<strong>recovered</strong> loggingresidues are assumed oxidized to CO 2• We don’t consider C in soil• Wood products are burned with energyrecovery at end <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong>Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Analysed <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong>1. Particleboard made <strong>of</strong> RW or virgin <strong>wood</strong>2a. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est limited)2b. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est not limited)3a. Building frame + particleboard (<strong>for</strong>est limited)3b. Building frame + particleboard (<strong>for</strong>est notlimited)4. Building frame + particleboard + pulpSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
1. Particleboard made <strong>of</strong> RW or virgin <strong>wood</strong>Year 0<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>particleboardburn<strong>for</strong>estrotation period = 100 years(0% growth, 50% growth, or harvest <strong>for</strong> energy)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>burn<strong>for</strong>estparticleboardburnSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Differences between RW <strong>and</strong> virgin <strong>wood</strong>• Moisture content: RW = 15%; virgin <strong>wood</strong> = 60%• Particleboard manufacture from RW uses ~9%more electricity, based on:– air-dry <strong>wood</strong> is ~30% harder than green <strong>wood</strong>– chipping energy is roughly proportional to hardness– ~ 30% <strong>of</strong> all electricity used <strong>for</strong> chipping• Particleboard manufacture from RW uses ~60%less thermal energy, based on:– ~ 75% <strong>of</strong> all thermal energy used <strong>for</strong> particle drying– specific drying energy increases below 30% moisturecontentSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
1. Particleboard made <strong>of</strong> RW or virgin <strong>wood</strong><strong>Energy</strong> balance (GJ)A1 A2 A3 B0-5-10GJ-15Carbon balance (kg C)-20-25-302001000A1 A2 A3 BA1 RW <strong>for</strong> particleboard, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)A2 RW <strong>for</strong> particleboard, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)A3 RW <strong>for</strong> particleboard, burn <strong>for</strong>estB Forest <strong>for</strong> particleboard, burn RWkg C-100-200-300-400-500Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
1. Particleboard made <strong>of</strong> RW or virgin <strong>wood</strong>RW <strong>for</strong> particleboard, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)Forest <strong>for</strong> particleboard, burn RW6004002000kg C-200-400-600-800-1000-1200Fossil CemissionFossil Cdisplaced bybi<strong>of</strong>uelC stock changein <strong>for</strong>estC stock changein productsTotalSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
2a. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est limited)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>buildingframeburnconcrete, steelbuildingframe<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>burnSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Material substitution factors• X kg <strong>wood</strong> fulfills the same function as Y kgnon-<strong>wood</strong>• Application-specific; different materials canfulfill multiple, unique functions• In this study, we estimate 1 kg <strong>wood</strong> productsis equivalent to 3.6 kg concrete plus 0.12 kgsteel <strong>for</strong> use in building construction (basedon Finnish data)Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
2a. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est limited)<strong>Energy</strong> balance (GJ)0-2-4AB-6GJ-8-10-12-14-16Carbon balance (kg C)150100kg C50ABBuild with RWBuild with substitute, burn RW0-50ABSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
2a. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est limited)Build with RWBuild with substitute, burn RW600400200kg C0-200-400-600Fossil CemissionNon-fossilprocess CemissionFossil Cdisplacedby bi<strong>of</strong>uelC stockchange in<strong>for</strong>estC stockchange inproductsTotalSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
2b. Building frame(<strong>for</strong>est not limited)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong><strong>for</strong>estYear 0 Year 100buildingframeburn(0% growth, 50% growth, or harvest <strong>for</strong> energy)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>burn<strong>for</strong>estbuildingframeburnconcrete, steel<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>buildingframeburn<strong>for</strong>est(0% growth, 50% growth, or harvest <strong>for</strong> energy)Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
2b. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est not limited)<strong>Energy</strong> balance (GJ)GJ0-10-20-30-40-50-60A1 A2 A3 B1 C1 C2 C3Carbon balance (kg C)2000-200A1 A2 A3 B1 C1 C2 C3A1 Build with RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)A2 Build with RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)A3 Build with RW, burn <strong>for</strong>estB1 Harvest <strong>for</strong>est <strong>for</strong> lumber, burn RWC1 Build with substitute, burn RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)C2 Build with substitute, burn RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)C3 Build with substitute, burn RW, burn <strong>for</strong>estkg C-400-600-800-1000-1200Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
2b. Building frame (<strong>for</strong>est not limited)500Build with RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)Harvest <strong>for</strong>est <strong>for</strong> lumber, burn RWBuild with substitute, burn RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)0kg C-500-1000-1500-2000Fossil CemissionNon-fossilprocess CemissionFossil Cdisplacedby bi<strong>of</strong>uelC stockchange in<strong>for</strong>estC stockchange inproductsTotalSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
3a. Building frame + panel (<strong>for</strong>est limited)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong><strong>wood</strong>structureparticleboardburn<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>concrete, steelgypsumburnrein<strong>for</strong>cedconcretestructureplasterboardSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
3a. Building frame + panel (<strong>for</strong>est limited)<strong>Energy</strong> balance (GJ)0.0-2.0-4.0ABGJ-6.0-8.0-10.0-12.0Carbon balance (kg C)300250200kg C150100ABProducts from RWProducts from substitutes, burn RW500ABSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
3a. Building frame + panel (<strong>for</strong>est limited)Products from RWProducts from substitutes, burn RW500400300200100kg C0-100-200-300-400-500Fossil CemissionNon-fossilprocess CFossil Cdisplacedby bi<strong>of</strong>uelC stockchange in<strong>for</strong>estC stockchange inproductsTotalSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
3b. Building frame+ panel(<strong>for</strong>est not limited)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong><strong>for</strong>estYear 0 Year 100Year 140<strong>wood</strong>particleburnstructureboard0% growth, 50% growth, or harvest <strong>for</strong> energy<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong><strong>for</strong>estburn<strong>wood</strong>structureburnparticleboardburn<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>concrete, steelgypsumburnrein<strong>for</strong>cedconcretestructureplasterboard<strong>for</strong>est0% growth, 50% growth, or harvest <strong>for</strong> energySathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
3b. Building frame + panel(<strong>for</strong>est not limited)<strong>Energy</strong> balance (GJ)GJ0-10-20-30-40-50-60-70-80-90A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2Carbon balance (kg C)A1 Products from RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)A2 Products from RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)A3 Products from RW, burn <strong>for</strong>estB1 Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW, SF st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)B2 Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW, SF st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)C1 Products from subst, burn RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (0%)C2 Products from subst, burn RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (50%)kg C4002000-200-400-600-800-1000-1200A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
3b. Building frame + panel (<strong>for</strong>est not limited)Fossil CemissionNon-fossilprocess CFossil Cdisplacedby bi<strong>of</strong>uelC stockchange in<strong>for</strong>estC stockchange inproductsTotal5000-500kg C-1000-1500-2000-2500Products from RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW, SF st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)Products from subst, burn RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (0%)Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
4. Building frame + particleboard + pulpYear 0 Year 100 Year 140 Year 141<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>lumberparticleboardpulpburn<strong>for</strong>est(0% growth, 50% growth, or harvest <strong>for</strong> energy at Years 0, 100, <strong>and</strong> 140)<strong>recovered</strong><strong>wood</strong>burnburnburnlumberparticleboardpulpburn<strong>for</strong>estSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
4. Building frame + particleboard + pulp<strong>Energy</strong> balance (GJ)GJ0-10-20-30-40-50-60-70-80-90A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3Carbon balance (kg C)A1 Products from RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)A2 Products from RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)A3 Products from RW, burn <strong>for</strong>estB1 Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW, SF st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)B2 Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW, SF st<strong>and</strong>ing (+50%)B3 Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW <strong>and</strong> SFkg C4002000-200-400-600-800-1000A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3Sathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
4. Building frame + particleboard + pulp10005000-500Products from RW, <strong>for</strong>est st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)Products from <strong>for</strong>est, burn RW, SF st<strong>and</strong>ing (+0%)kg C-1000-1500-2000-2500-3000Fossil CemissionFossil Cdisplaced bybi<strong>of</strong>uelC stockchange in<strong>for</strong>estC stockchange inproductsTotalSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Conclusions• Direct <strong>cascade</strong> effects are small but nonnegligible• Substitution effects can be significant• <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> balance benefits <strong>of</strong> <strong>wood</strong>cascading depend strongly on:- if <strong>for</strong>est is limiting resource- alternative uses <strong>for</strong> l<strong>and</strong> no longer needed<strong>for</strong> <strong>wood</strong> productionSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
Thank youSathre, Gustavsson <strong>and</strong> Pingoud: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>carbon</strong> <strong>balances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>cascade</strong> <strong>chains</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>recovered</strong> <strong>wood</strong>Joint COST E31/Task 38 Workshop on GHG aspects <strong>of</strong> biomass cascading, 25 April 2005, Dublin
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