ANNUAL REPORT - Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga

Harvesting the Fruits of Papatūānukua Kaitiaki Approach to Geothermal DevelopmentMāori have used geothermal waters and materialsfor centuries, yet in contemporary times fewiwi groups have developed their geothermalresources, even though geothermal energyhas sustainable and renewable attributes. Onebarrier to development has been the lack of aclear pathway that incorporates kaitiakitangaresponsibilities into the development process.This Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga project,completed in 2011, addressed this by creatinga geothermal development model that meetsboth governmental consent requirements andkaitiakitanga obligations. The Kaitiaki GeothermalDevelopment Model (KGDM) integratesgeothermal science, engineering, appropriategovernance and management systems withinvestment opportunities, all underpinned bykaitiakitanga.as a starting point. This model, based aroundkaitiakitanga principles, assesses sustainability infour dimensions: environmental, social, economicand cultural. It is unique to the New Zealandcontext as it is designed to fit the ResourceManagement and Local Government Acts and isgrounded in mātauranga. The second stage ofcreating the KGDM explored capital investmentand funding options and analysed current modelssuch as joint venture partnerships and Māoriownedenterprises.The KGDM gives stakeholders a voice andassesses the sustainability of various geothermaldevelopment options. By doing this, the projectnot only enabled greater iwi participation in theeconomic development of their resources, butalso used mātauranga Māori in the solution.The project team led by Ngā Pae o teMāramatanga Principal Investigator Dr DanHikuroa created a preliminary KGDM by using thedecision-making framework, the Mauri Model,