444 By Susan Ariel Aaronson and David Deese With a reaction by ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

148 International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) http://www.ogp.org.uk/149 In this regard, see John Browne, Chief Executive, BP, “BP Sustainability Report 2006”, pp.1-2.150 Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, The End of History for Corporate Law, 89 GEO. L. J.439, 439, 440-41; and Milton Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business Is To Increase Its Profits,N.Y. TIMES, Sept. 13, 1970, § 6 (Magazine), 32 .(“… [A] corporate executive is an employee of theowners of the business. He has [a] direct responsibility to his employers. That responsibility is to conductthe business in accordance with their desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possiblewhile conforming to the basic rules of society . . . “151 Business Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, “BIAC Statement on “Conducting Business withIntegrity in Weak Governance Zones: Issues for Discussion and A Case Study of the DRC,” DAF/INV?WP(2004)1, pp. 2-3.152 See the detailed discussion of different threats and matching policy responses in Joseph S. Nye, DavidA. Deese, & Alvin L. Alm, “Conclusion: A U.S. Strategy for Energy Security,” in Deese & Nye, 1981.153 National Petroleum Council, Global Oil and Gas Study,” Facing the Hard Truth About Energy,”7/18/2007.154 Robert Pirog, “The Use of Profit by the Five Major Oil Companies, CRS Report Rl34044.155 Myers Jaffe and Soligo, “The International Oil Companies,” 6-8.156 Jad Mouawad, "At Exxon, Making the Case for Oil,” New York Times, 11/16/2008,http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/business/16exxon.html.157 Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Reviewhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/pdf/overview.pdf; see Figure 12, 13, 25, 63.158The 2007 index was just released in September, 2007. Seewww.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_ &ta.159 UNESCAP, "What is governance?”http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp. Good governance isparticipatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable477
and inclusive and follows the rule of law. It assures that corruption is minimized, and the views ofminorities are taken into account.160 In 2001, the Human Rights and Business Project developed a template delineating when a humanrights situation is so volatile that the firm should withdraw. The template is now widely used by extractives.Margaret Jungk, Human Rights and Business Project, “Deciding Whether to Do Business in States withBad Governments,”2001, http://www.humanrightsbusiness.org/pdf_files/decidingwhether.pdf161 Douglas G Cogan, “Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Making the Connection,” Boston,MA, Ceres, 2006, 22-23.162 Ans Kolk & David Levy, “Winds of Change: Climate Change and Oil Multinationals,” EuropeanManagement Journal, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 501-509, 2001; and Mouawad, “At Exxon.”163 See Miranda Anderson, David Gardiner & Associates (for Ceres) “The Future of Oil: Energy Security,Climate Risks, and Market Opportunities,” 2007, p. 14.164 http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9021745&contentId=7041006165 Ceres, 2006, 233-235.166 See John Vidal, “Revealed: How Giant Oil Influenced Bush White House Sought Advice from Exxonon Kyoto Stance,” The Guardian, June 8, 2005; and Fred Sissine, CRS Report for Congress , “EnergyIndependence and Security Act of 2007: A Summary of Major Points,” RL34294, p. 2.167 BBC News, “Nigeria Hears Ogoni Oppression, 21 January 2001,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1130555.stm; Human Rights Watch, “The Price of Oil: CorporateResponsibility and Human Rights Violations In Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities,”http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/nigeria/nigeria0199.pdf; and Reuters, “Shell Contains Oil Spill Caused bySabotage,”11/13/2008, http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLD69608820081113.168 http://www.voluntaryprinciples.org/participants/companies.php169 For example, a report commissioned for the UN Special Representative on Business and Human Rights MichaelWright, “Corporations and Human Rights: A Survey of the Scope and Patterns of Alleged Corporate Related HumanRights Abuse,” http://www.reports-and-materials.org/Ruggie-scope-patterns-of-alleged-abuse-Apr-2008.pdf170 John G. Ruggie, ‘Human Rights Policies and Management Practices of Fortune Global 500 Firms:Results of a Survey,” 1 September 2006, http://www.reports-and-materials.org/Ruggie-survey-Fortune-478
Page 1 and 2: LAGGARDS ON RESPONSIBILITY: THE OIL
Page 3: Caveats on Firms as StakeholdersWe
Page 6 and 7: Energy and Security: Ensuring An Ad
Page 8 and 9: Jafee, “if a company is not repla
Page 10 and 11: Investor Responsibility Research Ce
Page 12 and 13: alternative energy research and dev
Page 14 and 15: Shell and the other oil companies o
Page 16 and 17: how they must act to ensure respect
Page 18 and 19: oppose a government’s policies an
Page 20 and 21: The researchers found 23 of 25 comp
Page 22 and 23: EITI. As noted above, EITI does not
Page 24 and 25: We conclude with the observation wi
Page 26 and 27: interest in the sustained financial
Page 28 and 29: The argument about energy conservat
Page 30 and 31: Principles were during the days of
Page 32 and 33: hard to imagine that better efficie
Page 36 and 37: Global-500.pdf and http://www.ipiec
Page 38: Transparency: 2008 Report on Revenu

444 By Susan Ariel Aaronson and David Deese With a reaction by ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?