444 By Susan Ariel Aaronson and David Deese With a reaction by ...

Global-500.pdf and http://www.ipieca.org/activities/social/downloads/workshops/apr_08/p2_-_jflood_-_human_rights_tools_for_the_o&g_industry_1350.09375.pdf; and www.humanrightsbusiness.org.171 Look up oil companies on the businesshumanrights.org web site and follow the multiple articles/links.http://www.business-humanrights.org/Search/SearchResults?SearchableText=oil+companies&x=0&y=0172 Michael Wright and Amy Lehr, “Business Recognition of Human Rights: Global Patterns, Regionaland Sectoral Variations: A Study Conducted under the Direction of John G. Ruggie, Harvard University, “12 December 2006, http://www.reports-and-materials.org/Business-Recognition-of-Human-Rights-12-Dec-2006.pdf.173Human Rights Council, “Protect, Respect and Remedy: a Framework for Business and Human Rights,:Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary General on the Issue of Human Rights andTransnational Corporations and other business Enterprises, John Ruggie,” A/HRC/8/5, 7 April, 2008;http://www.reports-and-materials.org/Ruggie-report-7-Apr-2008.pdf.174 Oil windfalls can push up the real exchange rate of a country’s currency, rendering non-oil exportsrelatively uncompetitive. That can lead to “Dutch disease.” As these sectors languish, the economy maybecome ever more dependent on oil.175 Catholic Relief Services, “Bottom of the Barrel,” Open Society Justice Initiative, Legal Remedies forthe Resource Curse,” 8/6/2005, http://www.justiceinitiative.org/db/resource2?res_id=102966; andMarcartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs and Joseph E. Stiglitz, Eds. Escaping the Resource Curse, (N.Y.Columbia U. Press, 2007), p. 4. Kazakhstan provides a good example of this dilemma. On August 19, 2007,the ruling party of President Nursultan Nazarbayev said it had won 88% of the vote. AntonTroianovski,"Ruling Party Sweeps Kazakhstan Election, Official Count Shows,” Washington Post,8/20/2007.176 Humphreys et al. Escaping, 11-12; Terry Lynn Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States, (Berkeley, California: 1997). She examined Venezuela, Iran, Nigeria, Algeria, and Indonesia. Alsosee Michael Ross, “Does Oil Hinder Democracy?” World Politics , 53, (April 2001), 325-361; and RichardM. Auty, and Alan G. Gelb, “Political Economy of Resource Abundant States,” in Richard M. Auty, ed.Resource Abundance and Economic Development (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001, 126-144.479