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15GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODSwork was at the Khalid wildlifeResearch Centre (KKWRC) at -Thumamah which about80 Km North of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.This work comprtwo2.1 Field WorkIn this partIs <strong>and</strong> the metabolof the experimentalwas done in additionto the2.1.1 Preparation Gazelles:adult males ( la la) wereselected for this study. were about 1-2<strong>and</strong> <strong>their</strong>17-21 Kgs. They werefrom the main enclosure of KKWRC. Animals weremed 1 by , <strong>and</strong> accl izedfor 11 weeks ior to experimentation. werehoused f 3 x 4 m eachgood light <strong>and</strong> aeration. The stables were arranged insuch a way that to 1 ina 1which had been covered by dry s<strong>and</strong>;<strong>water</strong> werewereleft for further 4 weeks for acclimation withcontinuous observation., ! !•~
16 2.1.2 Metabolic Cage Arrangements:six metabolic cages measuring 110 cm in length<strong>and</strong> 165 cm in height were used in this study. Fivecages were used for collection of the gazelle'sexcreta (droppings <strong>and</strong> urine). The sixth one was usedfor assessing the amount of urine <strong>and</strong> <strong>water</strong> lost (seechapter 5 <strong>and</strong> 6). These metabolic cages we~eprovidedwith four shelves on, different levels:-, .; I. I1- The Lower level (Ll):This level is made up of a metal plate, about 20cm of ground level.It is made in the form of a bigfunnel that converges to the centre, where asmallhole is connected to a ranged bottle via a tube tocollect urine. This level is 70 x 40 cm i movable <strong>and</strong>adjustable with the above second level.2- The Second level (L2):There is a wire mesh whose dimensions are 70 x 40cm, the mesh opening is 2 x 2 mm, which is situated 20cm higher than the first level. It is movable <strong>and</strong> itsmain objective is to collect the dropp~ngswithoutretention of the urine.3- The third level (L3):This Level is made of two parts, the smaller oneis square shaped made up of wood whose side is 40 cmlong. This is situated in the front part o~ the cage.The other part is made in the form of ~etalfor the gazelle to st<strong>and</strong> on.inettingIt has medium sizedopenings (10 x 10 mm) <strong>and</strong> dimensions of 70 x 40 cm. It. :. ,.. . !. i 'j'~ , jIi
Page 4 and 5: IIIcontentspageAcknowledgementsAbst
Page 6 and 7: v Chapter six:Etteot ot temperature
Page 8 and 9: VII · (10) Var in mean PCV of gaze
Page 10 and 11: IX F • (36) in mean urine urea of
Page 12 and 13: GENERAL INTRODUCTIONIn most desert
Page 14 and 15: 4 ~.2.~ G. subgutturosa san
Page 16 and 17: 6 side of the Hijaz mountains. It i
Page 18 and 19: .n :".,. ~,,';".'~. , '~ ' ~" ':
Page 20 and 21: 10 valley places foothills, rocky o
Page 22 and 23: 12 (1970a) stud the a temperature <
Page 26 and 27: 17 METAL MESH- --~--- '/"~"" ~ 11
Page 28 and 29: 19 . 2.1.3 Radio Telemetry System A
Page 30 and 31: ; ,21 2.1.4 Temperature</st
Page 32 and 33: 23 2.2.2 Blood and
Page 34 and 35: 25 3.1Louw and(198
Page 36 and 37: 27 In astudy of the skin tissue of
Page 38 and 39: 29 3.2 Materials and</stron
Page 40 and 41: 31 3.3: Results:a) Winter:In wint
Page 42 and 43: 31 40Hy
Page 44 and 45: 35 3.4. Discussion:It appears tha
Page 46 and 47: 37 the difference was only O.8°C.T
Page 48 and 49: 39 animals took alot of cold <stron
Page 50 and 51: 41 4.1 Introduction:There are no st
Page 52 and 53: 43 not an Is fed on Alfafa
Page 54 and 55: 45 increased during dehydration , t
Page 56 and 57: 47 4.2.2: Serum analysisBlood were
Page 58 and 59: 49 Reaction sequence as follows:6 C
Page 60 and 61: 51 4.3. Results:of the gazelle for
Page 62 and 63: 53 1.35 x 10 9 /1 (29%). Within 24
Page 64 and 65: 55 rehydration, the Hb level decrea
Page 66 and 67: 57 HydrationDehydrationRehydrallon5
Page 68 and 69: 59 165-HydrallonDehydra!lonRe hydra
Page 70 and 71: L-__~____~______~______~______~____
Page 72 and 73: 63 135 r--------------------,------
Page 74 and 75:
65 level (303.5±4.6) was attained
Page 76 and 77:
67 40Hydration Dehydrallon Rehydrat
Page 78 and 79:
69 7 r---------------------~-------
Page 80 and 81:
71 Dehydralion- 0.......Eg£:E::l
Page 82 and 83:
. 73gazelle (G. 1a) 8having an acce
Page 84 and 85:
75 results are in agreement with th
Page 86 and 87:
77 ison of the winter results with
Page 88 and 89:
794.4.8:- Serum glucose :During t
Page 90 and 91:
81 4.4.11:- Serum albumin:Dehydrati
Page 92 and 93:
83 5.1. Introduction:There are no
Page 94 and 95:
85 resulted in an increase in the u
Page 96 and 97:
87 Na+, K+, cl-, urea in urine <str
Page 98 and 99:
89 The values were obtained from th
Page 100 and 101:
91 400 - RehydrallonHydrationDehydr
Page 102 and 103:
93 350 ,------------------,--------
Page 104 and 105:
95 400 iHydration Dehvdration Rehyd
Page 106 and 107:
97 550r------------------.~----·--
Page 108 and 109:
99 levels returned to normal after
Page 110 and 111:
101comparison of the winter results
Page 112 and 113:
103aldosterone, as it stimulates th
Page 114 and 115:
105 during winter and</stro
Page 116 and 117:
107 summer by 255% during dehydrati
Page 118 and 119:
~.: j'... '.: ' . , .. .. ' .... .,
Page 120 and 121:
111activities in the cooler periods
Page 122 and 123:
~ .~ :; ' .. ,..; ~ : ' . ~'. , . ,
Page 124 and 125:
1156.2.2: Dry Matter Intake (OMI):
Page 126 and 127:
117 105°C (Mohamed, 1986) till the
Page 128 and 129:
119 Hydration Dehydration Rehydrati
Page 130 and 131:
121 650 .-----------------~--------
Page 132 and 133:
123 3000 r----------------.--------
Page 134 and 135:
12560 .-----------------~----------
Page 136 and 137:
127 to the low food intake coupled
Page 138 and 139:
129 attributed to the animals dem<s
Page 140 and 141:
CHAprrER SEVEN GENERAL DISCUSSION
Page 142 and 143:
133 The difference in body temperat
Page 144 and 145:
135 function is controlled by two h
Page 146 and 147:
137 ConclUB1- The shows that the Id
Page 148 and 149:
139REFERENCESAbdelatif, A.M. <stron
Page 150 and 151:
141 Unpubl. NCWCD,Gary, P,C' I , E.
Page 152 and 153:
143 27-36.Ha if K. (1989). among th
Page 154 and 155:
145 90A (2): 225-228.Musa, H.M. (19
Page 156:
147 Williamson, D.T., Tatwany, H.,
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