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25 3.1Louw <strong>and</strong>(1982) mentioned that most of theare by insolat <strong>and</strong>high in addition to highlyelevated substratum temperatureexceeds 55°C insummer. This situation always accompanied acutelevel. Thus, 1environments have to to res thisthatfollowtwoto resthetemperature.The smaller animals allow <strong>their</strong> bodytemperature to fluctuate extens, whilst keepingrate of at On other, the ungulates is toatatthe morning, then allowing• Theat , ne allowing forbody temperature nor for humidity.Taylor (1970a) that some an like's Ie ( ), Thompson's gazelle(Gazella thompsonii) , the oryx (Oryx ), thecan 10 ) 1 wildbeest<strong>and</strong> the Zebra have elevatedbe ambient temperature (40-50 0 C), whilst no change had .,
26 '- ..... been observed on the other group of animals that weregiven <strong>water</strong> freely.The author also added that thelevel of evaporation was lower when the animals wereun<strong>water</strong>ed. Schmidt-Nielsen et al. (1967)mentionedthat un<strong>water</strong>ed camels allow <strong>their</strong> body temperature tofluctuate up to a difference of 6°C, whilst it is only2°C when they are <strong>water</strong>ed. He also found out that<strong>their</strong> metabolic rate is related directly proportionalto <strong>their</strong> body temperature but this relationship isreversed when the camel is un<strong>water</strong>ed, as the rate ofdehydration is inversely proportional to the metabolicrate. Musa (1978) assumed that one of the majorfactors that enables the camel to endure dehydrationis its ability to allow its body temperature to varyextensively, a situation that could enable it to copewith external surrounding temperatures.Ghobrial <strong>and</strong> Cloudsley-Thompson (1966) mentionedthat the Afri (G. dorcas) could endure a period of 12days of dehydration at low air temperature (10-30°C)<strong>and</strong> a relative humidity of (25-40%). When theconditions deteriorate (high air temperature (35-45°C)<strong>and</strong> low relative humidity (10-30%)) these gazelles cannot survive for more than 5 days. Cloudsley-Thompson(1969) found out that dehydration of this speciesseverely affects its body temperature that lead to abreak in its system of thermoregulation..~ .
Page 4 and 5: IIIcontentspageAcknowledgementsAbst
Page 6 and 7: v Chapter six:Etteot ot temperature
Page 8 and 9: VII · (10) Var in mean PCV of gaze
Page 10 and 11: IX F • (36) in mean urine urea of
Page 12 and 13: GENERAL INTRODUCTIONIn most desert
Page 14 and 15: 4 ~.2.~ G. subgutturosa san
Page 16 and 17: 6 side of the Hijaz mountains. It i
Page 18 and 19: .n :".,. ~,,';".'~. , '~ ' ~" ':
Page 20 and 21: 10 valley places foothills, rocky o
Page 22 and 23: 12 (1970a) stud the a temperature <
Page 24 and 25: 15GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODSwork
Page 26 and 27: 17 METAL MESH- --~--- '/"~"" ~ 11
Page 28 and 29: 19 . 2.1.3 Radio Telemetry System A
Page 30 and 31: ; ,21 2.1.4 Temperature</st
Page 32 and 33: 23 2.2.2 Blood and
Page 36 and 37: 27 In astudy of the skin tissue of
Page 38 and 39: 29 3.2 Materials and</stron
Page 40 and 41: 31 3.3: Results:a) Winter:In wint
Page 42 and 43: 31 40Hy
Page 44 and 45: 35 3.4. Discussion:It appears tha
Page 46 and 47: 37 the difference was only O.8°C.T
Page 48 and 49: 39 animals took alot of cold <stron
Page 50 and 51: 41 4.1 Introduction:There are no st
Page 52 and 53: 43 not an Is fed on Alfafa
Page 54 and 55: 45 increased during dehydration , t
Page 56 and 57: 47 4.2.2: Serum analysisBlood were
Page 58 and 59: 49 Reaction sequence as follows:6 C
Page 60 and 61: 51 4.3. Results:of the gazelle for
Page 62 and 63: 53 1.35 x 10 9 /1 (29%). Within 24
Page 64 and 65: 55 rehydration, the Hb level decrea
Page 66 and 67: 57 HydrationDehydrationRehydrallon5
Page 68 and 69: 59 165-HydrallonDehydra!lonRe hydra
Page 70 and 71: L-__~____~______~______~______~____
Page 72 and 73: 63 135 r--------------------,------
Page 74 and 75: 65 level (303.5±4.6) was attained
Page 76 and 77: 67 40Hydration Dehydrallon Rehydrat
Page 78 and 79: 69 7 r---------------------~-------
Page 80 and 81: 71 Dehydralion- 0.......Eg£:E::l
Page 82 and 83: . 73gazelle (G. 1a) 8having an acce
Page 84 and 85:
75 results are in agreement with th
Page 86 and 87:
77 ison of the winter results with
Page 88 and 89:
794.4.8:- Serum glucose :During t
Page 90 and 91:
81 4.4.11:- Serum albumin:Dehydrati
Page 92 and 93:
83 5.1. Introduction:There are no
Page 94 and 95:
85 resulted in an increase in the u
Page 96 and 97:
87 Na+, K+, cl-, urea in urine <str
Page 98 and 99:
89 The values were obtained from th
Page 100 and 101:
91 400 - RehydrallonHydrationDehydr
Page 102 and 103:
93 350 ,------------------,--------
Page 104 and 105:
95 400 iHydration Dehvdration Rehyd
Page 106 and 107:
97 550r------------------.~----·--
Page 108 and 109:
99 levels returned to normal after
Page 110 and 111:
101comparison of the winter results
Page 112 and 113:
103aldosterone, as it stimulates th
Page 114 and 115:
105 during winter and</stro
Page 116 and 117:
107 summer by 255% during dehydrati
Page 118 and 119:
~.: j'... '.: ' . , .. .. ' .... .,
Page 120 and 121:
111activities in the cooler periods
Page 122 and 123:
~ .~ :; ' .. ,..; ~ : ' . ~'. , . ,
Page 124 and 125:
1156.2.2: Dry Matter Intake (OMI):
Page 126 and 127:
117 105°C (Mohamed, 1986) till the
Page 128 and 129:
119 Hydration Dehydration Rehydrati
Page 130 and 131:
121 650 .-----------------~--------
Page 132 and 133:
123 3000 r----------------.--------
Page 134 and 135:
12560 .-----------------~----------
Page 136 and 137:
127 to the low food intake coupled
Page 138 and 139:
129 attributed to the animals dem<s
Page 140 and 141:
CHAprrER SEVEN GENERAL DISCUSSION
Page 142 and 143:
133 The difference in body temperat
Page 144 and 145:
135 function is controlled by two h
Page 146 and 147:
137 ConclUB1- The shows that the Id
Page 148 and 149:
139REFERENCESAbdelatif, A.M. <stron
Page 150 and 151:
141 Unpubl. NCWCD,Gary, P,C' I , E.
Page 152 and 153:
143 27-36.Ha if K. (1989). among th
Page 154 and 155:
145 90A (2): 225-228.Musa, H.M. (19
Page 156:
147 Williamson, D.T., Tatwany, H.,
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