A52-75-2007E.pdf - AgroMedia International Inc

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Reproduction14Characterization of linker histone H1FOO during bovine in vitroembryo developmentCorresponding AuthorSirard, M.A.Université LavalCollaboratorsMcGraw, S.Université LavalVigneault, C.Université LavalTremblay, K.Université LavalMolecular Reproduction and Development (2006) Vol. 73 p. 692-699.Chromosome structure is often described as ‘beads on a string’ where thecore of the beads is composed of H2, H3 and H4 histone proteins. DoublestrandedDNA forms the string and is also wound around the histone beadsto form a nucleosomes. At a secondary level of organization, H1 ‘linker’ histoneslink adjacent nucleosomes to form a coil of ‘chromatin’. In additionto their role in chromatin organization, H1 histones can repress or activatetranscription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the geneticcode to be translated into proteins. One of a number of specializedH1 linker histones (H1FOO) is found in the bovine oocyte (egg cell) but itsfunction has not been clearly defined. The objective of this study was toclarify the role of H1FOO by defining the abundance of its mRNA and thelocalization of the protein itself at several stages in oocyte and embryodevelopment. The highest level of H1FOO mRNA was found in the primaryoocyte near the end of its first meiotic division. Levels decreased steadilyfrom this point until, in the 16-cell embryo, they were 200 times lower and,in the blastocyst, 2,000 times lower. In the oocyte as well as in 1-, 2- and4- cell embryo, H1FOO was found both uniformly distributed in the cytoplasmand closely associated with chromatin. In 8- and 16-cell embryos,cytoplasmic levels of H1FOO had diminished but nuclear levels were stillhigh. H1FOO was not detected in either morula or blastocyst stages.15Identification and characterization of a novel bovine oocytespecificsecreted protein geneCorresponding AuthorSirard, M.A.Université LavalCollaboratorsTremblay, K.Université LavalVigneault, C.Université LavalMcGraw, S.Université LavalMorin, G.Université LavalGene (2006) Vol. 3<strong>75</strong> p. 44-53.All of the cellular machinery necessary for development of the bovineembryo up to the 8-cell stage is transcribed from maternal DNA duringthe latter (germinal vesicle) stage of the oocyte’s development within theGraafian follicle. The specific functions of most of the many messenger RNA(mRNA) transcripts and proteins contained in the primary oocyte remainunknown. The objective of this study was to characterize one particularmaternal gene thought to play important roles in early embryonic development.The OOSP1 gene was localized to chromosome 15 and found totranscribe 2 distinct mRNA transcripts, OOSP1-v1 and OOSP1-v2. OOSP1-v1 encodes a protein of 163 amino acids in length which is identical to aprotein found in mouse oocytes, spleen and liver. OOSP1-v2 codes for a 35amino acid protein. In contrast with the mouse, the bovine OOSP1 gene isexpressed exclusively in oocytes. Abundance analysis demonstrated highlevels of both OOSP1 transcripts in primary oocytes near the end of firstmeiotic division (germinal vesicle stage), gradually decreasing as developmentprogressed until they were undetectable in the blastocyst.114 Highlights in Canadian Dairy Cattle Research - 2007
Reproduction16Bovine SNRPN methylation imprint in oocytes and day 17 in vitroproducedand somatic cell nuclear transfer embryosCorresponding AuthorTrasler, J.M.McGill UniversityCollaboratorsLucifero, D.McGill UniversitySuzuki, J.Université de MontréalBordignon, V.Université de MontréalMartel, J.McGill UniversityVigneault, C.Université LavalTherrien, J.Université de MontréalFilion, F.Université de MontréalSmith, L.C.Université de MontréalBiology of Reproduction (2006) Vol. <strong>75</strong> p. 531-538.Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been used to create clones (identicalindividuals) of several animal species. The technique involves removingthe nucleus from a body cell of a donor animal and implanting it into anenucleated oocyte (egg cell) of the same species. The embryo that arisesfrom the new zygote is then transplanted into a surrogate dam for furtherdevelopment. Because fertilization is bypassed, the process requires thatcontrol mechanisms remaining in the oocyte’s cytoplasm will reprogramthe genetic material in the donor nucleus back to the embryonic state.However, the low success rate of SCNT suggests that this reprogrammingis seldom completely successful. The objective of this study was to comparethe programming of a specific gene in bovine embryos producednaturally (in vivo), in embryos resulting from in vitro fertilization, and inthose produced by SCNT. The gene examined encodes SNRPN (small nuclearribonucleoprotein), a molecule that plays an important role in severalcritical physiological processes. The SNRPN gene is one of a small numberof genes that have been identified as ‘imprinted’, meaning that the geneticcode from only one of the parents is expressed. Expression of imprintedgenes is regulated by methylation of the promoter region of the gene. Thisstudy found that the degree of SNRPN methylation was significantly lowerin SCNT embryos than in in vivo or in vitro derived embryos, demonstratedthe type of faulty programming that might be involved in the poor viabilityof SNCT-derived embryos.Reproduction 115
Page 1 and 2:
Highlightsin Canadian Dairy Cattle
Page 3:
Table ofContentsIntroduction.......
Page 7 and 8:
ParticipantsListAgriculture and Agr
Page 9 and 10:
Participants• P.E. Shewen• K.V.
Page 11 and 12:
ParticipantsInternational Collabora
Page 13 and 14:
ResearchSummaryIndexAnimal Welfare1
Page 15 and 16:
Research Summary Index10 Associatio
Page 17 and 18:
Research Summary Index57 Efficacy a
Page 19:
Animal Welfare
Page 22 and 23:
Animal Welfare3Stall dimensions and
Page 24 and 25:
Animal Welfare7Effects of milking o
Page 26 and 27:
Animal Welfare11Effects of roughnes
Page 29 and 30:
Environment1An approach for measuri
Page 31:
Environment4Methane and nitrous oxi
Page 35 and 36:
Feeding1Effects of alfalfa particle
Page 37 and 38:
Feeding5Frequency of feed delivery
Page 39 and 40:
Feeding9Dietary forage and nonfiber
Page 41 and 42:
Feeding13Effects of tannic acid and
Page 43 and 44:
Feeding17What is the true supply of
Page 45 and 46:
Feeding20Effect of ruminally protec
Page 47 and 48:
Feeding24Impact of B-vitamin supply
Page 49 and 50:
Feeding28Responses to amino acid im
Page 51 and 52:
Feeding31Lower pregnancy losses in
Page 53:
Genetics
Page 56 and 57:
Genetics2An iterative procedure for
Page 58 and 59:
Genetics6Analysis of inbreeding and
Page 60 and 61:
Genetics10Association of toll-like
Page 63 and 64: Health1Bacterial meningitis and enc
Page 65 and 66: Health5Synthetic peptide vaccinatio
Page 67 and 68: Health9Bovine toll-like receptor 9:
Page 69 and 70: Health13Immunization with plasmid D
Page 71 and 72: Health17Progress in the development
Page 73 and 74: Health21Immune response to Staphylo
Page 75 and 76: Health24Genotype and subtype analys
Page 77 and 78: Health27Activation of the hypothala
Page 79 and 80: Health30Influence of the genotype o
Page 81 and 82: Health34Agreement between three ELI
Page 83 and 84: Health38Prevention of fatty liver i
Page 85 and 86: Health41The cell-mediated immune re
Page 87 and 88: Health45A comparison of serum harve
Page 89 and 90: Health48Effects of prepartum intram
Page 91 and 92: Health51Bovine whey proteins inhibi
Page 93 and 94: Health55DNA-protein immunization ag
Page 95 and 96: Health59Formulation with CpG oligod
Page 97: Milk Production
Page 100 and 101: Milk Production317β-estradiol redu
Page 102 and 103: Milk Production7Characterization an
Page 105: Reproduction
Page 108 and 109: Reproduction3Follicular fluid conce
Page 110 and 111: Reproduction6The impact of chromoso
Page 112 and 113: Reproduction10Spontaneous uptake of
Page 116 and 117: Reproduction17Expression of phospho
Page 118 and 119: Reproduction21Regulation of serine
Page 120 and 121: Reproduction25 Na+ /K + ATPase as a
Page 123: Author Index
Page 126 and 127: Author IndexBrownlie, R. Health 6..
Page 128 and 129: Author IndexKeefe, G.P. Health 10..
Page 130 and 131: Author IndexPerez-Casal, J. Health
Page 132: Author IndexZadoks, R.N. Health 47.
show all

A52-75-2007E.pdf - AgroMedia International Inc

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?