A52-75-2007E.pdf - AgroMedia International Inc

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Feeding22An emerging method for rapid characterization of feed structuresand feed component matrix at a cellular level and relation to feedquality and nutritive valueCorresponding AuthorYu, P.University of SaskatchewanArchives of Animal Nutrition (2006) Vol. 60 p. 229-244.For many feeds, the physical-chemical structure is as important as chemicalcomposition in determining their nutritional value. For example, starchgranules in feed grains are encapsulated in a protein matrix which maylimit the rate of starch degradation by rumen micro-organisms. Likewise,lignin presents a physical barrier to fibre digestion in forages. Because feedsamples must be finely ground before analysis, conventional wet chemicalmethods provide no information about physical structures or physicalchemicalinteractions in feeds. This paper reviews the application of a noveltechnology to the physical-chemical analysis of feeds. Synchrotron-basedFourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy is capable of linkingchemical and structural characteristics at the cellular level in intact tissuesamples, simultaneously providing information on composition, structure,chemistry and environment. The review emphasizes the close relationshipbetween the physical-chemical characteristics of feeds at the cellular leveland their nutritional value to animals.23Dietary oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for ruminants:Post-ruminal digesta characteristics and their implications onproductionCorresponding AuthorMir, P.S.AAFC Lethbridge Research CentreCollaboratorsMcAllister, T.A.AAFC Lethbridge Research CentreGibb, D.J.AAFC Lethbridge Research CentreOkine, E.K.University of AlbertaCanadian Journal of Animal Science (2006) Vol. 86 p. 159-170.Fats and oils are routinely added to early lactation diets to increase theirenergy density. This article reviews other benefits of adding plant-derivedoils to diets fed to ruminant animals. The primary focus is on the effectthat fatty acids may have on improving starch digestion in the small intestine.When ruminants are fed diets containing high levels of starch, avariable proportion of that starch escapes rumen degradation, passing intothe small intestine. The proportion reaching the intestine depends on thelevel of starch fed, the specific ingredients used, the degree of processingof those ingredients and other factors which affect the rate at which starchis degraded in the rumen and its rate of passage through the rumen. Thestarch that enters the small intestine can, in combination with other dietarycomponents, increase the viscosity of the digesta, restricting accessby digestive enzymes. Although starch leaving the small intestine may befermented in the large intestine, this provides relatively less energy to theanimal. Dietary oil can reduce digesta viscosity, resulting in more efficientuse of starch as an energy yielding nutrient. In addition to the benefits ofdietary oils in increasing dietary energy yields, this review discusses themechanisms by which they may reduce liver abscesses and decrease theshedding of pathogenic organisms into the environment.46 Highlights in Canadian Dairy Cattle Research - 2007
Feeding24Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways oflactating dairy cowsCorresponding AuthorGirard, C.L.AAFC Dairy and Swine Researchand Development CentreCollaboratorMatte, J.J.AAFC Dairy and Swine Researchand Development CentreCanadian Journal of Animal Science (2006) Vol. 86 p. 213-220.Until recently, it had been assumed that the ruminant animal’s requirementsfor B-vitamins could be satisfied by the basal levels found in dietaryingredients combined with synthesis by rumen micro-organisms. However,recent evidence suggests that the high levels of productivity achievedby today’s lactating dairy cows may demand dietary supplementation ofthese metabolic cofactors. This paper reviews the evidence that supportsthat suggestion, focusing on the three B-vitamins biotin, folic acid and B12.Several studies have reported positive milk yield responses to supplementarybiotin—most have shown marginal effects on milk composition. Milkand milk protein yields have been demonstrated in multiparous cows inresponse to supplemental folic acid when B12 supply was adequate. Thoseresponses occurred in the absence of an increase in dry matter intake (DMI).They were not observed when B12 supply was inadequate but were restoredby further B12 supplementation. When cows received supplementsof both B12 and folic acid, tissue utilization of B12 increased. While plasmaglucose increased in these cows, plasma biotin decreased. The combinedsupplementation of B12 and biotin also increased milk and milk proteinyields in the absence of an increase in DMI. This review also discusses themetabolic pathways that are influenced by these vitamins.25In situ degradation of timothy conserved as restrictively orextensively fermented silage or as hayCorresponding AuthorBerthiaume, R.AAFC Dairy and Swine Researchand Development CentreCollaboratorsMartineau, R.Université LavalLapierre, H.AAFC Dairy and Swine Researchand Development CentreOuellet, D.R.AAFC Dairy and Swine Researchand Development CentrePellerin, D.Université LavalCanadian Journal of Animal Science (2006) Vol. 86 p. 299-306.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of preservationmethod on the rumen degradability of timothy forage. After cutting, timothywas preserved as hay, as formic acid-treated silage or as bacterial inoculant-treatedsilage. Representative samples of each preserved foragewere sealed in multiple porous nylon bags and incubated in the rumensof cows previously adapted to the respective forages. Individual bags werewithdrawn at regular time intervals for assessment of the disappearanceof forage fractions: dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein (CP),neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). The solubility,degradation rate and degradability of CP in hay was lower than in either silage.CP degradability was similar in both silages but formic acid treatmentreduced solubilization of CP, compared to bacterial inoculation. No significantdifferences in degradability of DM, NDF or ADF were found betweenforages preserved by the three methods.Feeding 47
Page 1 and 2: Highlightsin Canadian Dairy Cattle
Page 3: Table ofContentsIntroduction.......
Page 7 and 8: ParticipantsListAgriculture and Agr
Page 9 and 10: Participants• P.E. Shewen• K.V.
Page 11 and 12: ParticipantsInternational Collabora
Page 13 and 14: ResearchSummaryIndexAnimal Welfare1
Page 15 and 16: Research Summary Index10 Associatio
Page 17 and 18: Research Summary Index57 Efficacy a
Page 19: Animal Welfare
Page 22 and 23: Animal Welfare3Stall dimensions and
Page 24 and 25: Animal Welfare7Effects of milking o
Page 26 and 27: Animal Welfare11Effects of roughnes
Page 29 and 30: Environment1An approach for measuri
Page 31: Environment4Methane and nitrous oxi
Page 35 and 36: Feeding1Effects of alfalfa particle
Page 37 and 38: Feeding5Frequency of feed delivery
Page 39 and 40: Feeding9Dietary forage and nonfiber
Page 41 and 42: Feeding13Effects of tannic acid and
Page 43 and 44: Feeding17What is the true supply of
Page 45: Feeding20Effect of ruminally protec
Page 49 and 50: Feeding28Responses to amino acid im
Page 51 and 52: Feeding31Lower pregnancy losses in
Page 53: Genetics
Page 56 and 57: Genetics2An iterative procedure for
Page 58 and 59: Genetics6Analysis of inbreeding and
Page 60 and 61: Genetics10Association of toll-like
Page 63 and 64: Health1Bacterial meningitis and enc
Page 65 and 66: Health5Synthetic peptide vaccinatio
Page 67 and 68: Health9Bovine toll-like receptor 9:
Page 69 and 70: Health13Immunization with plasmid D
Page 71 and 72: Health17Progress in the development
Page 73 and 74: Health21Immune response to Staphylo
Page 75 and 76: Health24Genotype and subtype analys
Page 77 and 78: Health27Activation of the hypothala
Page 79 and 80: Health30Influence of the genotype o
Page 81 and 82: Health34Agreement between three ELI
Page 83 and 84: Health38Prevention of fatty liver i
Page 85 and 86: Health41The cell-mediated immune re
Page 87 and 88: Health45A comparison of serum harve
Page 89 and 90: Health48Effects of prepartum intram
Page 91 and 92: Health51Bovine whey proteins inhibi
Page 93 and 94: Health55DNA-protein immunization ag
Page 95 and 96: Health59Formulation with CpG oligod
Page 97:
Milk Production
Page 100 and 101:
Milk Production317β-estradiol redu
Page 102 and 103:
Milk Production7Characterization an
Page 105:
Reproduction
Page 108 and 109:
Reproduction3Follicular fluid conce
Page 110 and 111:
Reproduction6The impact of chromoso
Page 112 and 113:
Reproduction10Spontaneous uptake of
Page 114 and 115:
Reproduction14Characterization of l
Page 116 and 117:
Reproduction17Expression of phospho
Page 118 and 119:
Reproduction21Regulation of serine
Page 120 and 121:
Reproduction25 Na+ /K + ATPase as a
Page 123:
Author Index
Page 126 and 127:
Author IndexBrownlie, R. Health 6..
Page 128 and 129:
Author IndexKeefe, G.P. Health 10..
Page 130 and 131:
Author IndexPerez-Casal, J. Health
Page 132:
Author IndexZadoks, R.N. Health 47.
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