Ultrasonic Drying And Presowing Treatment Of Seeds

2TABLE IEXPERIMENTAL DATAForm Increasing productivity, %Melon 45Tomato 15Corn 35Wheat 25Buckwheat 30Fig. 1. Ultrasonic presowing treatment of seedsIII. ULTRASONIC DRYINGFor maintenance of the high germination thecorrect storage of seeds in a winter is necessary. Atthe wrong storage seeds can rot before landing. OneFig. 2. Ultrasonic dryer1 - the bottom half ellipse of the case, 2 - the overhead half ellipse of the case, 3- volume for an exsiccated material, 4 - emitter, 5 - air filter, 6 - pipes ofremoval of a moist air, 7 collecting channel the silencing pot, 8 - the suction fan,9 - the drive of the ventilating fan, 10-electronic block, 11 - bench board, 12 -racksreason of rotting is the moisture. The moisture canarise due to condensation of air or because ofinitiating dampness of yields. Therefore, afterharvesting it is necessary to dry the grain. Drying isnecessary also for production of dried mushrooms,berries and fruit.Usually, either natural or convectional drying isused. In the first case process is very long-term anddepends on climatic conditions. In the second caseprocess of drying is characterized with high energyconsumption and changing of products propertiesbecause of thermal action.Now in our country and abroad the ultrasonicdryers are wide-spread as they allow to carry outdrying without changes of product properties.With reference to agriculture product drying inour country the ultrasonic drying [4,5] designed andmade by the Electro-mechanical factory (Berdsk) isdeveloped and patented. This dryer representstechnological volume in length of 13 meters withthe gas-jet generator fed with special compressor.Such dryer provides drying up to 1000 kg ofmushrooms for 3-4 hours. Such dryer is veryexpensive and practically unavailable for countryand farmer facilities.For small peasant farms the small-sizedultrasonic dryer was designed with the laboratory ofultrasonic processes and devices. As a radiant ofpowerful ultrasound in a dryer the piezoelectric diskemitter [6] is used.The dryer consists of the chamber, a radiant ofultrasound, the electronic generator and system ofdelivery and a pumping-out of air (Fig. 2).The chamber is made in the form of thevolumetric figure having in section two equalellipses, traversed in such a manner that sectionscoincide on one of ellipses focuses. Inside of thechamber the technological volume for the products,having the shape of a toroid and disposed in thefield of the second focuses is placed. Owing togeometrical properties of an ellipse all ultrasonicenergy radiating from an emitter is concentrate inproducts technological volume. Such constructionwill allow to considerably reducing the powerconsumption and overall dimensions in comparisonwith traditional convectional drying and ultrasonicdrying where as a radiant of ultrasound gas-jetgenerators are used.Performance characteristics of the dryer arerepresented in table 2.TABLE IIPERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRASONIC DRYERPower consumption, kW·h 2Productivity, kg/h, not less 50Weight, kg, not more 50Overall dimensions, mm∅2000х1000Power supply, V 220Experimental results are show the handled grainis stored longer.REFERENCES[1] Istomina O., Ostrovskiy E. Effect of ultrasound on evolution ofplants. DAN USSR, New series 2, 155 1936(in Russian).