- 103 -'.cThe"e,pQCated modern Afrioans. 'however;;i!isi;tthe'div.iriers secretly, ,beoallse,although visiting thedivine~s, they, hypoctittoallyregard going to them,gS uncivilized and contrary to the teachings <strong>of</strong> theohurches. Moreover, the stress is no longer on; discoverio-ng· the exactidemhty <strong>of</strong> the witch (criminal),lbut on0treating,the l patient by providing medicinesagaih~t6~eijealoUS,<strong>of</strong>the~lliitch.B7~;; e 1! ~1~ ;)Molema!f;~~) oonsidets the s'tibculture <strong>of</strong> liIitchcraftas oneL[<strong>of</strong> J:be..greatest CLlrsBSItis(s6 ,uni~etsalday many,<strong>of</strong> the Black, man.and'~o\d~ep-rooted,t~attothisand even those "who pretend' to .be enlightenedand pr<strong>of</strong>essed Christians, do ·not 'cast a shadow <strong>of</strong>doubt'on~the'reality<strong>of</strong> witchcraft. For this reason,the modern African dislikes the witch and so fearshim that hs'employs diviners and magical 'medicinesagairisb~him, so that he may be'protected.againstthe Ill-effects <strong>of</strong>;witchcraftto~hiohhes.ironicallyrefersi,a~ "gypsona" 89) "", , IEven, in', places <strong>of</strong> . employment, , witchcraftL'ls·.cverycommol!)'ly'" :pi'actised. 'Schapera 90 ) says" Accusations;;, . 1<strong>of</strong> witchcraft or soroery against a 'boss-boy'arecommon, 'and'sometimes the post, is refused beoausea man' is afraid either that wi tohoraft,orsorosrywill be:worked, against him, or that he will beaccu~eddf using them' to kill other people.",Moreo"er~:theone who gains special favour with anemploye~,is thought to do so by: means <strong>of</strong> medicine.B6) Ndabandaba,G.L.: op.dt.,87) Sc~apera,T: The'8a ntu-Speakinq Tribes'<strong>of</strong> South Africa,MaskewMill~r,Ltd., Cape Town,l966, pp. 426-427BB) Molema,S:,.,;:op.cit.,p. 170B9J,"lI/dabandaba, ;G;L. : "Crime arid the African". Crime,....-2..Punishmentand Correction. Volume 3 No.90}SchaperaiL~op.cit.,p.395. . [ ! -2,June 1974, p.4l104/•••••
- 104 -There is also the belief that one whohas verystrong medicines is dangerous to his fellowmen.Schapera 91) states fUrther that accusations <strong>of</strong>witchcraft and sorcery are an expression <strong>of</strong>.quarrels, and further forment them; those believing;themselves to be injured are bitter against thosethey believe to be gUilty •. Schapera 92)regarding thequotes Hellman as sayingsubculture <strong>of</strong> witchcrafttimes: " --------- Magic provides athe followingin modernfar more satisfactoryoutlet for the perplexed and strickenindividual, and it is to magic that the averageNative turns for aid.The demand for the services<strong>of</strong> the "inyanga" has not decreased among the urbanpopulations."Further on she says "Magicpotentialities <strong>of</strong> adaptability.93) •has revealed greatIn addition tothe treatments used in curing illness, protectingagainst witchcraft and other ills, and ensuringsuccess and popularity, new forms have been evolved1,'to meet new conditions. There are medicines' to enablean unemployed Native to find work; medicinesto attract beer customers to a woman desiring tobuild up abeer trade; herbs to blind the policeso that they will not find awomen's beer "hole"or see a Native out after curfew without a speciallicence; medicines to cause aamagistrate to imposelenient sentence on an <strong>of</strong>fendeF; and medicinesto obviate the necessity <strong>of</strong> paying bills!for eOery situation, newIn shortmedicines are available".(4.6 -SUMMARY: In this chapter reference has been made tothe subculture theory as an explanatory concept <strong>of</strong> crime.91) Ibid., p. 39792) I bid., p. 42693) I bid., p . 426•ID5/••.••
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CRIMEINMTUNZINIbyGABRIEL LINDUMUSA
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Page2.4.3(a) So-called blood cases
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Page5.5(c)(d)~~~(g)(h)SUMMARYTraffi
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LIS T 0 F T A 8 L E S.TABLE1. Crime
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- 2 -Thirdly, the organization of m
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- 4 -1.3.4 CHIEF ZULUOBANJENI1.3.5
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- 6 -method is also employed for re
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- B -South Africa as awhole.To unde
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- 10 -causes of crime. The book clo
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- 12 -1.7.4 UNPUBLISHED MATERIALSom
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- 15 -a particularly serious one, b
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- 17 -traditional manifestations wa
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-19 -This was done in order to make
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- 21 -the Zulus, was not properly d
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- 23 -high palisaded fence at the u
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- 25 -A man whohad killed another h
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- 27 -human parts such as the lips,
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- 29 -The guilty person only would
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- 31 -(h) THE MODUS OPERANDI Of WIT
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- 33 -for the witch simply to strik
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,... 35 -The Zulus allowed action t
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- Yf -This custom involved the taki
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- 39 -preventatives generally calle
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- 41 -responsible for the theft unl
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- 43 -was were usually settled by d
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-45 -offenders to their courts. Thi
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- 47 -however applied in cases of w
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- 4~ -number of unsophisticated Zul
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- 51 -The concept of culture as use
- Page 60 and 61: - 53 -vely adapt themselves to envi
- Page 62 and 63: - 55 -individual attitudes and patt
- Page 64 and 65: - 57 -The main emphasis in the pare
- Page 66 and 67: - 59 -"strengthening" the army by o
- Page 68 and 69: - 61 -highly nourishing food had an
- Page 70 and 71: - 63 -The report goes on to say tha
- Page 72 and 73: - 65 -(but not his drinking pattern
- Page 74 and 75: - 67 -dissatisfied with the white m
- Page 76 and 77: -69--him feel convinced that under
- Page 78 and 79: - 71 -3.5.3WflMEN IN BANTU LAW were
- Page 80 and 81: - 73 -provides, inter alia, that "a
- Page 82 and 83: - 75 -The idea of aconcealed weapon
- Page 84 and 85: - 77 -studies has tfierefoce:been:a
- Page 86 and 87: - 79 --common among the South Afric
- Page 88 and 89: - 81 -4.4 The Historical Developmen
- Page 90 and 91: ':.. 83 -and old are far more impor
- Page 92 and 93: - 85 -groups is due to such asubcul
- Page 94 and 95: - 87 -Reference has been made to th
- Page 96 and 97: - 89 -The above figures reveal that
- Page 98 and 99: - 91 -In the urban areas it is the
- Page 100 and 101: - 93 -The"tsotsis" are capable of c
- Page 102 and 103: - 95 -It was pointed out, too, that
- Page 104 and 105: - 97 -as "AMAGXAGXA". He also point
- Page 106 and 107: - ·99 -ordinary decent human value
- Page 108 and 109: - 101 -white liquor, i.e. spirits,
- Page 112 and 113: - 105 -It has also been pointed out
- Page 114 and 115: - 107 -extent of crime in South Afr
- Page 116 and 117: - _109 -TA8LE 2.CRIME IN SOUTH AFRI
- Page 118 and 119: -111-•TABLECrimes Recorded by the
- Page 120 and 121: - 112 -and Coloureds, on the other
- Page 122 and 123: - 114 -5.4 Crime Patterns Among the
- Page 124 and 125: - 116 -prosecutions and convictions
- Page 126 and 127: - 118 -Statistics. 18)5.4.3 Mtunzin
- Page 128 and 129: - 120 -in Mtunzini during the perio
- Page 130 and 131: - 122 -SANA" 24) looks very much li
- Page 132 and 133: - 124 -The above figures give the i
- Page 134 and 135: - 126of: 1.681 or 26per cent•.If
- Page 136 and 137: ~'~ ..- 128 -with the crimes of vio
- Page 138 and 139: - 130 -totalled 98 184 while the co
- Page 140 and 141: - l32 -crimes mentioned and analyze
- Page 142 and 143: - 134 -6.3 Age and Criminal Liabili
- Page 144 and 145: - 136 -Puberty and post-puberty, be
- Page 146 and 147: \•\II-138 -Freed 16) states that
- Page 148 and 149: 140 -An analysis of the data in Tab
- Page 150 and 151: .;. 142 -15th year. This wa followe
- Page 152 and 153: - 14'~TABLE 10CONVICTIONS ACCORDING
- Page 154 and 155: TABU': 11,AGE DISTRI8UTIDN Df OffEN
- Page 156 and 157: - 148 -6.8.2 Mtunzini.An analysis o
- Page 158 and 159: - 150, - "and good order, gave a ne
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- 152 -and Asian females to the div
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- 154 -Mannheim 13) contends that t
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- +.:10 -TA8LE 13.Sex Differences i
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- 158 -a total of 5 396 crimes or 8
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- 160 -(b)Assault.Of the 814 .crime
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- 162 -passing in Mtunzini during t
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- 164 -and over, respectively.7.7 S
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- 166 -morale of the community usua
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- 168 -alight. With the aid of pang
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- 170 -TABLE 14.Value of Property L
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- 172 -TABLE 15.Types of Articles a
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- 174 -houses broken into included
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CHAPTER 9The Most Important FindinQ
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- 178 -highest incidence.With regar
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- 180 -the prevention of the brewin
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- 182 -publicity exercise. 9)Compet
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- 184 -The employment of more quali
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- :ll.86 -tant agencies which can b
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- 188 ~crimes against property.My r
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- 190 -Enige verduide1iking van die
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- 19216. Horton, P.S.17. Hubbard, L
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- 194 -52. Vilakazi, A.53. von Her'
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- 196 -; paper read at the N.D.M.F.
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- 198 APPENDIXA. ~;-\_ -c• '-~
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. G.P.-S.I1J74-1973-74-200ll·:i.08