LIBERATION MOTIF IN SELECT NOVELS OF MULK RAJ ANAND ...

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LIST <strong>OF</strong> ABBREVIATIONSIn the present study, citations from Mulk Raj hand and ChinuaAchebe are from the following editions. Abbreviations here indicated are usedthroughout.hand, Mulk RajUntouchable (London : Wishart, 1935)Coolie (London : Lawrence and Wishart, 1936)Tulo Leaves and a Bud (London : Hutchinson, 1945)The Big Heart (London: Hutchinson, 1945)Gauri (New Delhi : Orient, 1976)The Rod (Bombay : Kutub, 1961)Achebe, ChinuaTFA Things FUZZ Apart (London : Heinemam, 1958)NLAE No Longer At Ease (London : Heinemann, 1960)AOG Arrozu of God (London : Heinemann, 1964)AMP A man of the People (London : Heinemarm, and New York :John Day 1966)JTWE:TBPKJESWLWEBWLHYAnthills of the Savannah (Kenya : Heinemann 1987)Journal of Indian Writing in EnglishThe Banasthali PatrikaThe Kakatiya Journal of English StudiesWorld Literature Written in EnglishBlack WorldThe Literary Half Yearly
513sCWQJCT;;;IVL,LCALTMFSTLEJLCIJESRELCI3Research in African LiteratureJournal of Black StudiesCommonwealth QuarterlyJournal of Commonwealth LiteratureLiterary CriterionAfrican Literature TodayModern Fiction StudiesThe Literary EndeavourJournal of Literary CriticismThe Indian Journal of English StudiesReview of English LiteratureChandrabhaga
Page 1 and 2: LIBERATION MOTIF IN SELECT NOVELS O
Page 3 and 4: I express my deep sense of thankful
Page 5 and 6: Fr. A. LEO ANTONY TAGBRE, MADepartm
Page 7: and performance of these two wrikrs
Page 11 and 12: -----------------------I N T R O D
Page 13 and 14: of the predominance of social theme
Page 15 and 16: foreign scholars and students of En
Page 17 and 18: Iyengar's criticism is quite percep
Page 19 and 20: C.D. Narasimhaiah in his book, The
Page 21 and 22: faith in God and as a consequence h
Page 23 and 24: some refreshing and exhilarating in
Page 25 and 26: particularly to the Marxist protest
Page 27 and 28: post-independence era. He takes up
Page 29 and 30: propagandist work, given the theme
Page 31 and 32: people. In this way he has made it
Page 33 and 34: difficulty to non-West ~frican read
Page 35 and 36: Jonathan A Peters has in his book,
Page 37 and 38: the concept of commitment and its r
Page 39 and 40: commented on Acheber s style and fi
Page 41: - His article, "Drawing the Lines o
Page 44 and 45: novel,Her insights about the multip
Page 46 and 47: of interpreters or critics is impor
Page 48 and 49: Both have stuck to the parameters o
Page 50 and 51: leadership in preference to central
Page 52 and 53: A B S T R A C TChapter one, Introdu
Page 54 and 55: Achebe's protrayal of this historic
Page 56 and 57: Chapter Seven, ItLiberation from th
Page 58 and 59:
the right balance or rhythm between
Page 60 and 61:
majority of the population in want
Page 62 and 63:
maintained an intrinsic and almost
Page 64 and 65:
Its immdediate antecedentis to be f
Page 66 and 67:
elations and specially in commercia
Page 68 and 69:
The same writer concludes to a new
Page 70 and 71:
of liberation. The oft-used 'libera
Page 72 and 73:
determined simply by a given cosmic
Page 74 and 75:
product.These 'objectifications' of
Page 76 and 77:
But what is common in all these dif
Page 78 and 79:
toan involvement, a commitment, whi
Page 80 and 81:
ideology sweeping through most Asia
Page 82 and 83:
voluntarypoverty and the spirit of
Page 84 and 85:
implicit faith in the basic goodnes
Page 86 and 87:
MULK RAJ ANAND AND CHINUA ACHEBE AM
Page 88 and 89:
many years before Dr.K.R. ~rinivasa
Page 90 and 91:
instant hit. He followed it up with
Page 92 and 93:
y the metaphysical. We see a spirit
Page 94 and 95:
During the period between 1950 and
Page 96 and 97:
of the human person and on the life
Page 98 and 99:
-- At Ease (1960); Arrow of God (19
Page 100 and 101:
Europeans came into the picture. Th
Page 102 and 103:
and extolling the negritude or the
Page 104 and 105:
.... Grounding literature on concre
Page 106 and 107:
sought the raw material for his/her
Page 108 and 109:
CHAPTER FOUR-----------------------
Page 110 and 111:
acid test of their authenticity as
Page 112 and 113:
who had religious sanction for thei
Page 114 and 115:
The question he poses to himself in
Page 116 and 117:
ehabilitate them as equal citizens
Page 118 and 119:
not allowing him to enjoy the sunny
Page 120 and 121:
This and numerous instances in the
Page 122 and 123:
Anantafs association with Janki and
Page 124 and 125:
transformation that takes place in
Page 126 and 127:
Anand believes in the values of unr
Page 128 and 129:
Achebe presents Qkonkwofs character
Page 130 and 131:
displayed by the British of the nat
Page 132 and 133:
The opening scene wherein Obi is co
Page 134 and 135:
The ultimate victory is an affirmat
Page 136 and 137:
It is Ikem who begins to articulate
Page 138 and 139:
Shortly after his inspiring speech
Page 140 and 141:
There are strong similarities and s
Page 142 and 143:
to perform the task.His method is n
Page 144 and 145:
Bhikhu, Gangu, Ananta and even Gaur
Page 146 and 147:
CHAPTERFIVE----------TRAD I T ION V
Page 148 and 149:
Novel is that bright book of life w
Page 150 and 151:
narrow, myopic perception of life a
Page 152 and 153:
Anand has a fine perception af the
Page 154 and 155:
cast in the mould of a self-effacin
Page 156 and 157:
ground reality.However it is the po
Page 158 and 159:
ignorance, superstitious beliefs im
Page 160 and 161:
command of his narrative never slac
Page 162 and 163:
A certain fearlessness and scant re
Page 164 and 165:
fashioning out his fictional narrat
Page 166 and 167:
Obi is presented as an educated Nig
Page 168 and 169:
village people's stout opposition t
Page 170 and 171:
The point af view as expressed by C
Page 172 and 173:
thematic end by laying greater stre
Page 174 and 175:
story of the struggle between these
Page 176 and 177:
industrialisation, Money became the
Page 178 and 179:
Finally we see a hunted and hounded
Page 180 and 181:
Gangu's destiny is inextricably wed
Page 182 and 183:
means of production. This is what i
Page 184 and 185:
on deaf ears- And his heroic death
Page 186 and 187:
And Margaret Berry seems to agree w
Page 188 and 189:
conviction bearing on the conflicts
Page 190 and 191:
adaptability, he is unwillingly has
Page 192 and 193:
in well-diguised or civilized 'inno
Page 194 and 195:
Odili though an idealist has a desi
Page 196 and 197:
AIL said and done, Achebe's investi
Page 198 and 199:
From a reading of Achebe's Anthills
Page 200 and 201:
Now we turn our attention to the ca
Page 202 and 203:
and cleanliness of the high caste p
Page 204 and 205:
vegetable curry and rice while they
Page 206 and 207:
Bhikhu the protagonist is a road-wo
Page 208 and 209:
complacency, he also attacks the la
Page 210 and 211:
people, thanks to widespread availa
Page 212 and 213:
It could be by extension applied to
Page 214 and 215:
And his mother literally shattered
Page 216 and 217:
2 09morale of the people. Struggles
Page 218 and 219:
This has been the traditional attit
Page 220 and 221:
It is very gratifying to note the e
Page 222 and 223:
Anand has, in his novel taken a bol
Page 224 and 225:
with his wife in her growth into se
Page 226 and 227:
Anand has successfully resolved the
Page 228 and 229:
acceptance and compassion, so very
Page 230 and 231:
Achebe is quite critical of the inf
Page 232 and 233:
ambitious- She holds a brief for Ik
Page 234 and 235:
ealistic, the male and the female,
Page 236 and 237:
Achebe, when compared with Anand, a
Page 238 and 239:
national situation and cultural her
Page 240 and 241:
injustice. They were poet-prophets
Page 242 and 243:
This brings us to the current debat
Page 244 and 245:
Propaganda is always to be with us.
Page 246 and 247:
"does the writer regard his work as
Page 248 and 249:
elief system embodied in a poem or
Page 250 and 251:
According to some critics commitmen
Page 252 and 253:
critics hostile to commitment, beca
Page 254 and 255:
and to be their spokesperson. In th
Page 256 and 257:
of a writer can transform the vario
Page 258 and 259:
Anand explores aspects of the human
Page 260 and 261:
social content or purpose in the te
Page 262 and 263:
always abused?.... They always abus
Page 264 and 265:
While Anand has skilfully and consc
Page 266 and 267:
death is more than compensated in t
Page 268 and 269:
absorbing life-like story filled wi
Page 270 and 271:
out sirnply because he is indigent
Page 272 and 273:
different characters and situations
Page 274 and 275:
dialectical or mutually enriching a
Page 276 and 277:
for all people.True to this definit
Page 278 and 279:
ites and its own administrative set
Page 280 and 281:
infallibility. But Achebe's story i
Page 282 and 283:
The other oral form which Achebe in
Page 284 and 285:
achievement destroyed through an in
Page 286 and 287:
disintegrating trends were not alre
Page 288 and 289:
It is the same area - the supportin
Page 290 and 291:
ut well-meaning high priest, no dou
Page 292 and 293:
other words, the European coloniser
Page 294 and 295:
Chris, the commissioner for Informa
Page 296 and 297:
and seek blessing in order to gain
Page 298 and 299:
when she herself is transformed int
Page 300 and 301:
critical moments new versions of ol
Page 302 and 303:
~ecessarily, as it is obvious to us
Page 304 and 305:
Achebe as a novelist could not admi
Page 306 and 307:
Leaves and 2 Bud and the Biq Heart,
Page 308 and 309:
The fact about water like time is t
Page 310 and 311:
the story or theme he is treating i
Page 312 and 313:
. . . . the peculiarity of art is t
Page 314 and 315:
importance. The classical pitfall o
Page 316 and 317:
orne in mind that Achebe has time a
Page 318 and 319:
The term wliberation" posits man as
Page 320 and 321:
ÿ nand for the underdogs. While An
Page 322 and 323:
The novel of disillusionment came i
Page 324 and 325:
pleasures of life. He likes to dres
Page 326 and 327:
makes is Janki who becomes a symbol
Page 328 and 329:
the principal character- Achebe has
Page 330 and 331:
fact the novel assumes greater vigo
Page 332 and 333:
unable to concretely translate his
Page 334 and 335:
of tradition versus modernity in hi
Page 336 and 337:
een sharpened and made more content
Page 338 and 339:
factory management as a partner, tr
Page 340 and 341:
Achebers analysis of the tragic con
Page 342 and 343:
equation. The richer thathiars repr
Page 344 and 345:
Achebe examines this question in An
Page 346 and 347:
y certain laws of the art or genre
Page 348 and 349:
~tuauy enriching and transforming.
Page 350 and 351:
Achebe has time and again proclaime
Page 352 and 353:
elationship between the leaders amo
Page 354 and 355:
the fictional world of Anand. He ha
Page 356 and 357:
If there is a specific area for fur
Page 358 and 359:
narrative.As a result of this a blu
Page 360 and 361:
B I B L I O G R A P H YPRIMARY SOUR
Page 362 and 363:
SECONDARY SOURCESWRITINGS ON ACHEBE
Page 364 and 365:
Coppola , Carlo. Marxist Influences
Page 366 and 367:
Granquist, Raoul. "The Early Swedis
Page 368 and 369:
Kolawole, Mary Ebun Modupe. The Omn
Page 370 and 371:
---------- . "The theme of salvatio
Page 372 and 373:
Omolasa, Leslie and Johnson M-John.
Page 374 and 375:
Robertson, R. T. "Untouchable as an
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LIBERATION MOTIF IN SELECT NOVELS OF MULK RAJ ANAND ...

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