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THE S TATE OFNUTRITION ANDPHYSICAL ACTIVITYIN OUR SCHOOLSA STUDY OF NUTRITION ANDPHYSICAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS,PROMPTED BY RISING RATESOF CHILDHOOD OBESITY5
The State of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Our SchoolsIntroductionIn 1998, the World Health Organization determined obesity tobe a global epidemic. 1 This epidemic affects not only adults, butalso children and adolescents worldwide. In the United States,obesity and overweight prevalence is estimated to be at least 15percent for all children and adolescents, 2 and higher than 30percent in some population subgroups. 3 Obesity is now the mostserious dietary problem affecting the health of American children. 4In the United States,obesity and overweightprevalence is estimatedto be at least 15 percentfor all childrenand adolescents, andhigher than 30 percentin some populationsubgroups.The most extensive data on obesity and overweight prevalenceare provided by the National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey (NHANES). As part of a comprehensive set of bodymeasurements, this survey records height and weight, and reportsresults in terms of body mass index (BMI), expressed asweight/height 2 (kg/m 2 ). While defining childhood obesity isproblematic due to a lack of a standard definition and vocabulary,it is generally accepted that a child whose BMI is above the 95thpercentile for his or her gender and age is overweight or obese. 5, 6Results from the NHANES survey are reported approximatelyevery five years. Figure 1 shows the trend in overweightprevalence for children and adolescents for selected years from1963 through 2000. 7 While overweight prevalence was relativelystable from the 1960s through the 1980s, this figure shows amarked increase from the late 1970s to 2000. In fact, overweightprevalence doubled for children aged 6–11 years and tripled foradolescents aged 12–19 years. A further disturbing trend is thatthe distribution curve of children’s weight has become skewed tothe right over time, indicating that children who are alreadyoverweight are getting fatter. 86
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ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH, INC.B
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