Country & Territory Reports - Landmine Action

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38 chad long-term strategic plan. In 2003, a new technical adviser was recruited to work on IMSMA. 293 UNICEF is conducting widespread MRE activities in eastern Chad to educate people about the dangers of ERW and mines: “A three-week MRE campaign in the north-east of Chad started on 29 June 2004. The purpose of the campaign is to sensitize the local communities and newly arrived Sudanese refugees about mines and UXO; train children on the risks caused by mines and UXO; collect new information from refugees and the local population; train trainers in newly established refugee camps; and mobilize the leadership to play a key role in mine risk awareness.” 294 erw and motapm – global survey 2003–2004 UNICEF further noted that: “A rapid MRE needs assessment was also conducted in the most affected part of the eastern region where Sudanese refugees are settled. The mission found 11 recent victims of UXO explosions, mainly children. They also discovered polluted places/tracks that were not properly marked. A training workshop was then organized (...) focused on emergency MRE.” 295 Legislation Chad has been a State Party to the Ottawa Convention since 1 November 1999 but has not signed the CCW. 272 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 23. 273 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 7. 274 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, pp. 13-19, 37-40. 275 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, pp. 44-45, p. 58. The minefields (as opposed to contaminated areas) generally contain a mix of APM and MOTAPM, including some which are booby-trapped, see E-Mine, Country Report Chad, at http://www.mineaction.org 276 Landmine Monitor 2002, p.167. 277 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 14. 278 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 21. 279 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 21. 280 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 30. 281 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 25. 282 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 54. 283 Landmine Monitor 2003, p. 157; ICRC Special Report on Mine Action, p. 21. 284 UNICEF update, Mine Action Support Group Newsletter, May 2004. 285 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, pp. 15-17. 286 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p.16. 287 ICRC Special Report on Mine Action p. 21. 288 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 25. 289 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 7. 290 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 9. 291 Landmine Impact Survey, Republic of Chad, p. 28. 292 To Walk the Earth in Safety: The U.S. Commitment to Humanitarian Mine Action, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, U.S. Department of State, August 2004, accessed on 29 November 2004 at: http://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/rpt/walkearth/2004/37227.htm 293 Landmine Monitor 2003, p. 161. 294 UNICEF update, Mine Action Support Group Newsletter, July 2004. 295 UNICEF update, Mine Action Support Group Newsletter, May 2004.
Chechnya Background Chechnya is an autonomous republic in the southern part of the Russian Federation, bordering on the state of Georgia. In September 1991, on the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chechnya declared independence as the Chechen Republic “Ichkeria”. In December 1994, the Russian Federation sent troops into Chechnya, but they were unable to establish effective control over the Chechen separatists. A ceasefire agreement was signed in August 1996 and Russian troops were withdrawn by early 1997. Relations remained tense, and in October 1999 Russia sent troops back into Chechnya to re-establish control. Chechen forces evacuated Grozny in February 2000 and the Russian federal forces have been unable to impose order in the mountainous rural areas, thus the conflict continues as a guerrilla war. Fighting continues up to the present, with large amounts of ERW and MOTAPM contamination. Thousands of Chechens are refugees or internally displaced persons. Assessment of the problem No in-depth assessment of the overall landmine/UXO contamination has been conducted in Chechnya due to the precarious security situation. Estimates that do exist, however, suggest that Chechnya is highly contaminated, with UXO forming a very significant part of the total problem. 296 It has been stated that while Russian federal forces employ mainly anti-personnel mines, Chechen forces employ more anti-tank mines and commandoperated improvised explosive devices rather than APMs. 297 Russian forces have also used both ground and air launched cluster munitions, which have been identified in other areas as a significant cause of ERW. 298 Impact A database on mine/UXO incidents in Chechnya, based on the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) format, is being compiled by local NGOs with the support of UNICEF. The IMSMA system was set up in Nazran (in neighbouring Ingushetia) in September 2001 by the GICHD. 299 At the same time, data-gathering monitors from Voice of the Mountains (VoM), Minga, Let’s Save the Generation and Danish Demining Group received training from GICHD and the Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA). 300 UNICEF provides the coordination focus for mine action in the North Caucasus. 301 To build the capacity of local organizations, UNICEF has organized and conducted a series of trainings for the database managers and monitors, using both national and international trainers in data gathering and analysis. Compiling accurate information on mine/UXO incidents is very difficult in Chechnya due to limited access and the chechnya 39 sensitivity of the subject. Travel in mountainous regions can be difficult, and potentially dangerous due to the possible presence of armed elements. Some data is collected in these regions with the assistance of local administrations and hospitals. Monitors may have to pass several military checkpoints to reach affected areas, and it is not considered safe to travel with incident reports that have specific mine/UXO questions. This means that information has to be recorded in brief form while interviewing the victim, and later the information is elaborated on a standard report form to the VoM. This increases the possibility of errors. In addition, some young people are reported as being reluctant to share exact information on mine/UXO incidents, fearing that such information could jeopardize their own safety. During the reporting period of 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2004, 144 casualties were registered in the IMSMA database. 302 Of these 74 per cent were men. Some 14 per cent of casualties were reported as dying as a result of these accidents. UXO and fuses accounted for 42 per cent of casualties; anti-personnel mines 31 per cent; MOTAPM 11 per cent; booby traps 10 per cent and the remainder were unknown. These proportions are broadly similar to those collected over an extended period of 1995-2004. 303 The casualties’ activities at the time of accident are also recorded in the database and this highlights that livelihood activities, such as collecting food and water and tending livestock, are prominent (approximately 43 per cent). Nearly 20 per cent, however, are attributed to deliberate handling of items and another 20 per cent of casualties were bystanders at the time of accidents initiated by others. Incidents tend to increase during the winter as people must travel in contaminated forests to collect firewood, and during the spring due to agricultural activities in contaminated fields. 304 Some people have estimated 100,000 hectares of arable land throughout Chechnya requires clearance of explosive devices. 305 Collection of UXO devices to sell as scrap metal is an income source for some civilians and has been a cause of casualties. Information in the IMSMA database does not include military casualties. Media and military sources suggest that more than 1,300 mine incidents involving Russian federal forces occurred in Chechnya from 1999 to March 2003, resulting in 2,500 military casualties. 306 A media report has said that at least 10,000 victims in Chechnya, including 4,000 children, are in need of physical therapy, prosthetics, and psychological counselling. 307 The proportion of incidents caused specifically by ERW or MOTAPM is not stated in these reports. Various sources have reported the following incidents specific to ERW and MOTAPM occurring in Chechnya during the reporting period of 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2004: erw and motapm – global survey 2003–2004
Page 1 and 2: Explosive remnants of war and mines
Page 3 and 4: Contents List of common acronyms Fo
Page 5 and 6: Foreword The last decade has seen s
Page 7 and 8: have been subject to significant ex
Page 9 and 10: Controlling the impact of ERW - ‘
Page 11 and 12: ■ Men may consistently be underta
Page 13 and 14: around 95 per cent of IEDs in Iraq
Page 15 and 16: ■ In Kenya in 2003, possible MOTA
Page 17 and 18: However, in June 2004, it was repor
Page 19 and 20: albania 17 34 “Afghan drivers com
Page 21 and 22: problem. After the Kosovo crisis in
Page 23 and 24: Angola Background The 30 years of w
Page 25 and 26: The impact of ERW seems significant
Page 27 and 28: affected by ordnance and munitions
Page 29 and 30: Belarus Background Belarus is affec
Page 31 and 32: Bosnia and Herzegovina Background T
Page 33 and 34: Herzegovina is a State Party to the
Page 35 and 36: undertaken with a local partner, th
Page 37 and 38: to prevent children from finding th
Page 39: Chad Background Chad’s ERW proble
Page 43 and 44: Chile Background Chile used AP and
Page 45 and 46: China Background Chinese territory
Page 47 and 48: 352 “Japanese chemical weapon inj
Page 49 and 50: other IEDs have been found througho
Page 51 and 52: Official statistics on the ERW/mine
Page 53 and 54: in another accident involving a boo
Page 55 and 56: Background The Czech Republic has E
Page 57 and 58: Ecuador Background The long-standin
Page 59 and 60: 536 “Intervención de la Delegaci
Page 61 and 62: ■ In January 2004, 300 metal tube
Page 63 and 64: numerous 122mm artillery projectile
Page 65 and 66: Estonia Background The ERW found in
Page 67 and 68: agencies have warned that ERW and m
Page 69 and 70: On 1 April 2004, the JSEOD operatio
Page 71 and 72: Thessalonica line from 1915 to 1918
Page 73 and 74: 2003. 737 Munitions whose storage t
Page 75 and 76: Background Greece was invaded and o
Page 77 and 78: Background Guatemala’s ERW proble
Page 79 and 80: Guinea Background Conflicts with ar
Page 81 and 82: 843 “PAAMI 2001-2004,” April 20
Page 83 and 84: Hungary Background Hungary is conta
Page 85 and 86: areas and would need another six mo
Page 87 and 88: From 1989 to 1999, a total of 1,082
Page 89 and 90: used them extensively as part of un
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ordnance threat. The following exam
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960 NMAA MRE Strategy 2004, p. 8. 9
Page 95 and 96:
Jordan Background MOTAPM were first
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1013 Jordan Article 5 Summary, pres
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1016 Dominic Wabala, “Police Offi
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month in October 2001. During this
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Kyrgyzstan Background The presence
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While it was reported that widespre
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averaging more than 200 per year. I
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The NSP further divides contaminate
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Lebanon Background Lebanon’s prob
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Background Internal conflicts in Li
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and Egypt. Photographs from clearan
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There have been political disputes
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Morocco Background After the depart
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Myanmar/Burma Background Myanmar ha
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Namibia hosts a large number of ref
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In 2004, UNICEF began monitoring mi
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■ Widely dispersed ERW throughout
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Niger Background Niger’s landmine
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Oman Background MOTAPM and anti-per
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for more than 50 years. 1423 A dive
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LOC in Kashmir region many of the l
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Although ERW and MOTAPM contaminati
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Panama Background Panama’s ERW pr
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1519 UN Mine Action Website: Portfo
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philippines 141 1552 “Explosion k
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Poland Background Poland experience
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demining as part of Russia’s inte
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wanda 147 1610 http://proekt.ogi.ru
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1648 According to data from a diffe
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Serbia and Montenegro Ministry of D
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operations. 1698 According to its A
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the border with Ethiopia. There are
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cent), playing (9 per cent), and ta
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due to incidents of AP mines, ERW a
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Sudan Background The civil war betw
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eporting period, in the past local
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Syria Background 1838 A result of t
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tajikistan 167 1850 Landmine Monito
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Thailand Background Thailand’s MO
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Timor Leste Background Timor experi
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Turkey Background Turkey has in the
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district, some areas of Teso region
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ukraine 177 1962 Interview with Dav
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Mine Action Information Centre (UMA
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Vietnam Background More than 30 yea
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No MOTAPM casualties can be confirm
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The increase in the scrap metal and
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vietnam 187 2081 Project RENEW and
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Yemen Background Yemen has witnesse
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zimbabwe 191 2129 Minister Kassim A
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