Country & Territory Reports - Landmine Action

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40 chechnya ■ On 19 July 2003, at least four Russian government personnel were killed when their bus struck an antivehicle mine in the vicinity of Assinovskaya. 308 ■ On 25 February 2004, 10 people died and seven were wounded when a truck struck an anti-tank mine near Alkhazurovo village. 309 ■ On about 11 March 2004, three boys were injured when a shell they found in a ravine exploded, in Urus-Martan. 310 ■ On 9 May 2004, at least six people were killed, including the Chechen president, Akhmed Kadyrov, and about 50 people were injured by a bomb made from a 152mm artillery shell, in Grozny. 311 Efforts to address these problems No humanitarian mine/UXO clearance is currently undertaken in Chechnya due to security concerns. 312 The HALO Trust had developed a humanitarian demining programme in Chechnya in the late 1990s with more than 150 Chechen staff. HALO ceased their clearance operations in 1999, but state that they will recommence the programme “when the relevant authorities agree to mine clearance once again”. 313 Russian forces conduct military erw and motapm – global survey 2003–2004 mine clearance as needed to support their military operations. A military spokesperson reportedly stated in May 2003 that approximately 100 explosive devices, 20 of which are landmines, are cleared weekly. 314 The principal mine actions currently conducted in Chechnya are mine risk education and survivor assistance. The ICRC has mine-awareness activities focused at IDPs and refugees, children and youths. 315 Community-based risk education is provided in the region by UNICEF, ICRC, and Danish Demining Group. 316 Survivor assistance programmes are developed and supported by UNICEF, the ICRC, WHO, Handicap International and CARE-Canada. UNICEF is providing prosthetic-orthopaedic and psychosocial assistance to child mine/UXO survivors and women. The World Health Organization is targeting adult male population for prosthetic assistance. Legislation The Russian Federation has not acceded to the Ottawa Convention. Russia is a party to the CCW and its original Protocol II, but amended Protocol II has not been ratified. 317 296 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, “Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal 2004 – Chechnya and Neighbouring Republics”, November 2003. 297 Tom Dibbs, HALO Trust, 13 May 2003, cited by Kristina Davis, Mine Action Information Centre, “Chechnya: reconstruction amidst the war”, Journal of Mine Action, No. 7.2, August 2003, web accessed at http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/7.2/focus/davis/davis.htm on 12 July 2004. 298 Rae McGrath, “The Military Effectiveness and Impact on Civilians of Cluster Munitions,” p.p. 39-40; Mennonite Central Committee, “Cluster Bomb Photo Gallery”, available at: http://www.mcc.org/clusterbomb/graphix/photos/clusterbomb/chechnya.html, accessed 17 December 2004. 299 Email to R. Sathre and I. Grdzelishvili, from UNICEF-North Caucasus official, July 2004. 300 UNICEF, “Humanitarian assistance in the northern Caucasus, Situation Report No. 83”, 1 February 2004 – 29 February 2004, http://www.reliefweb.int, accessed on 12 April 2004. 301 Email to R. Sathre and I. Grdzelishvili, from UNICEF-North Caucasus official, July 2004. 302 Email to R. Sathre and I. Grdzelishvili, from UNICEF-North Caucasus official, July 2004 303 From an email to R. Sathre and I. Grdzelishvili, from UNICEF-North Caucasus official, 12 July 2004: The total number of casualties recorded in the IMSMA database from September 2001 until July 2004, and related to the period 1995-2004, is 3,341 persons. UXO explosions caused the largest proportion of these, accounting for 35 per cent of the casualties. Anti-personnel mines caused 24 per cent of the casualties, anti-tank mines caused 6 per cent, booby traps caused 4 per cent, and fuses caused 1 per cent of the casualties: 27 per cent were caused by an unknown device or the information was not available. Male victims accounted for 85 per cent of all casualties. 304 Email to R. Sathre and I. Grdzelishvili, from UNICEF-North Caucasus official, July 2004. 305 Hayden Roberts, “Update: The landmine situation in Chechnya”, Journal of Mine Action, No. 6.2, August 2002, web accessed at http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/6.2/notes/haydenroberts/haydenroberts.htm on 7 May 2004. 306 Landmine Monitor 2003, http://www.icbl.org/lm/2003/chechnya.html, accessed 23 March 2004. 307 Fred Weir, “Chechen conflict festers with use of land mines”, Christian Science Monitor, 6 February 2002, pg.6. 308 Caucasus Times, http://caucasustimes.com/incidents/en/CHe2-230703.asp, accessed 19 May 2004. 309 UNICEF, “Humanitarian assistance in the northern Caucasus, Situation Report No. 83”, 1 February 2004-29 February 2004, http://www.reliefweb.int, accessed on 12 April 2004. 310 http://www.hrvc.net/news2004/23-3-04.html, accessed on 19 May 2004. 311 BBC News, “Chechens bury assassinated leader”, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europé/3699823.stm, accessed 19 May 2004. 312 Landmine Monitor 2003, http://www.icbl.org/lm/2003/chechnya.html, accessed 23 March 2004. 313 The HALO Trust, http://www.gkw82.dial.pipex.com/cauc.html, accessed 12 April 2004. 314 Timur Aliev, CRS No. 179 (Znamenskoye), 15 May 2003, cited in Landmine Monitor 2003, http://www.icbl.org/lm/2003/chechnya.html, accessed 23 March 2004. 315 The ICRC, http://icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList412, accessed 12 April 2004. 316 Email to R. Sathre and I. Grdzelishvili, from UNICEF-North Caucasus official, July 2004. 317 Landmine Monitor 2003, http://www.icbl.org/lm/2003/russia.html, accessed 19 May 2004.
Chile Background Chile used AP and AV mines along its borders with Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru during the 1970s to defend against invasion, most notably in 1974-75 in relation to the crisis with Peru and Bolivia, and in 1978 with Argentina. 318 In the south, mines were laid as recently as the 1980s. The Chilean armed forces regularly carry out military manoeuvres in the border areas and throughout the country. In November 2003, for example, there was an exercise with live mortars and grenades, in the area of El Cajón del Teno, in Talca. Assessment of the problem The official number of AV mines in Chile is 113,601, distributed in minefields located in Regions I, II and XII. 319 The armed forces have maps of the minefields, 320 which are marked and fenced, but not always well maintained. 321 There are no official estimates of the area contaminated by AV mines or ERW and the armed forces do not consider that there is a significant problem of ERW contamination in Chile. In some areas, however, ERW remain after the conclusion of exercises, posing a threat to the civilian population. 322 Wherever military manoeuvres have taken place it can be considered likely that there will be some ERW contamination. Chile’s UXO and AXO problem stems primarily from a lack of effective measures to exclude civilians from former and current practice ranges (polígonos) and safety procedures that do not adequately take into account the risk from UXO and AXO. Chile stockpiles five models of AV mines: (1) APVL 83 F4, (2) MAT-80 F5, (3) MAT-84 F5, (4) M-15, and (5) M-19.323 Chile has also produced, and stockpiles, cluster munitions. 324 Government and private manufacturers have produced at least four kinds of cluster munitions and dispenser munitions: 100-LB, CB-130-POUND, CB-250-K, CB-500 LB. 325 Impact Chile has national statistics on the number of AP mine accidents and casualties since 1973. As of October 2003, there were 63 victims (two in 2003). 326 The remote location of Chile’s minefields and ERW contaminated areas also raises the possibility that accidents have gone unreported. 327 The Grupo de Supervivientes de Minas Antipersonal y Municiones sin Estallar de Las Américas (GSMMA) has a database on victims of landmines and ERW in Region II. 328 The database includes reports on 20 civilians injured by ERW. 329 The database distinguishes between incidents caused by AP mines and those caused by ERW and shows that most ERW casualties are killed or injured by ERW from military exercises. 330 In the desert zones of northern Chile there are estimates of one person per year being killed or injured by ERW. 331 In the period 2003-2004, several items of ERW were found, some of them in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago: ■ On 2 February 2003, an 81mm US-manufactured mortar was found in a ravine outside Antofagasta. 332 ■ On 4 February 2003, two mortars were found in a refuse area in Ñuñoa, located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. 333 ■ On 26 March 2003, a 40mm mortar was found in the grounds of Mejillones port, just north of Antofagasta in Region II. 334 ■ In September 2003, 50 handmade grenades were found on the “Erratchu” property in Coronel, Region VIII. A passer-by discovered the grenades. 335 ■ In January 2004, a container of 105mm munitions was found in Santiago. 336 ERW have been found in public places of Region II such as near a river in the sector of Yalquincha and on a motocross track in Calama. ERW have also been found in housing areas for miners at the Chuquicamata mineral mine. Three people reportedly lost their legs due to an ERW accident in this area. 337 The discovery of ERW has also caused accidents: ■ On 21 January 2003, a 17-year-old youth died when an abandoned rocket exploded while he was handling it. He found the item in the former training grounds of the Army’s School of Parachutists and Special Forces in Colina. 338 ■ In May 2004, three children found 26 fuses in a landfill in Tocopilla (Region II). They kept one of the fuses and sold the rest to a scrap metal dealer. They lit the remaining fuse with a lighter and it exploded, injuring all three. 339 The presence of AV mines has affected infrastructure projects in Arica (Region I). On 11 December 2003, the Instituto de Ecología Política called for the immediate suspension of the renovation and enlargement project at the Chacalluta airport, due to the presence of five MOTAPM minefields containing 1,714 AV mines in the north terminal of the airport. 340 On 3 August 2004, units of the Engineer Battalion of Regiment No. 6 “Matucana” initiated clearance of the five minefields. 341 In addition, companies conducting activities such as mineral prospecting in border areas must inform the Army, which may designate a guide to prevent accidents. 342 AV mines affect tourism in northern areas of Chile, such as the province of El Loa. 343 They pose a threat in national parks and reserves in Regions I and II. 344 ERW have been found in the Valle de la Luna, located within the Flamencos National Reserve. 345 The Army carries out campaigns to prevent ERW/mine accidents, directed mainly at tourists and it has temporarily closed access to some sections of the Cordillera for this reason. 346 erw and motapm – global survey 2003–2004 chile 41
Page 1 and 2: Explosive remnants of war and mines
Page 3 and 4: Contents List of common acronyms Fo
Page 5 and 6: Foreword The last decade has seen s
Page 7 and 8: have been subject to significant ex
Page 9 and 10: Controlling the impact of ERW - ‘
Page 11 and 12: ■ Men may consistently be underta
Page 13 and 14: around 95 per cent of IEDs in Iraq
Page 15 and 16: ■ In Kenya in 2003, possible MOTA
Page 17 and 18: However, in June 2004, it was repor
Page 19 and 20: albania 17 34 “Afghan drivers com
Page 21 and 22: problem. After the Kosovo crisis in
Page 23 and 24: Angola Background The 30 years of w
Page 25 and 26: The impact of ERW seems significant
Page 27 and 28: affected by ordnance and munitions
Page 29 and 30: Belarus Background Belarus is affec
Page 31 and 32: Bosnia and Herzegovina Background T
Page 33 and 34: Herzegovina is a State Party to the
Page 35 and 36: undertaken with a local partner, th
Page 37 and 38: to prevent children from finding th
Page 39 and 40: Chad Background Chad’s ERW proble
Page 41: Chechnya Background Chechnya is an
Page 45 and 46: China Background Chinese territory
Page 47 and 48: 352 “Japanese chemical weapon inj
Page 49 and 50: other IEDs have been found througho
Page 51 and 52: Official statistics on the ERW/mine
Page 53 and 54: in another accident involving a boo
Page 55 and 56: Background The Czech Republic has E
Page 57 and 58: Ecuador Background The long-standin
Page 59 and 60: 536 “Intervención de la Delegaci
Page 61 and 62: ■ In January 2004, 300 metal tube
Page 63 and 64: numerous 122mm artillery projectile
Page 65 and 66: Estonia Background The ERW found in
Page 67 and 68: agencies have warned that ERW and m
Page 69 and 70: On 1 April 2004, the JSEOD operatio
Page 71 and 72: Thessalonica line from 1915 to 1918
Page 73 and 74: 2003. 737 Munitions whose storage t
Page 75 and 76: Background Greece was invaded and o
Page 77 and 78: Background Guatemala’s ERW proble
Page 79 and 80: Guinea Background Conflicts with ar
Page 81 and 82: 843 “PAAMI 2001-2004,” April 20
Page 83 and 84: Hungary Background Hungary is conta
Page 85 and 86: areas and would need another six mo
Page 87 and 88: From 1989 to 1999, a total of 1,082
Page 89 and 90: used them extensively as part of un
Page 91 and 92: ordnance threat. The following exam
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960 NMAA MRE Strategy 2004, p. 8. 9
Page 95 and 96:
Jordan Background MOTAPM were first
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1013 Jordan Article 5 Summary, pres
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1016 Dominic Wabala, “Police Offi
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month in October 2001. During this
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Kyrgyzstan Background The presence
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While it was reported that widespre
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averaging more than 200 per year. I
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The NSP further divides contaminate
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Lebanon Background Lebanon’s prob
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Background Internal conflicts in Li
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and Egypt. Photographs from clearan
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There have been political disputes
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Morocco Background After the depart
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Myanmar/Burma Background Myanmar ha
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Namibia hosts a large number of ref
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In 2004, UNICEF began monitoring mi
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■ Widely dispersed ERW throughout
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Niger Background Niger’s landmine
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Oman Background MOTAPM and anti-per
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for more than 50 years. 1423 A dive
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LOC in Kashmir region many of the l
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Although ERW and MOTAPM contaminati
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Panama Background Panama’s ERW pr
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1519 UN Mine Action Website: Portfo
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philippines 141 1552 “Explosion k
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Poland Background Poland experience
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demining as part of Russia’s inte
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wanda 147 1610 http://proekt.ogi.ru
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1648 According to data from a diffe
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Serbia and Montenegro Ministry of D
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operations. 1698 According to its A
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the border with Ethiopia. There are
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cent), playing (9 per cent), and ta
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due to incidents of AP mines, ERW a
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Sudan Background The civil war betw
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eporting period, in the past local
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Syria Background 1838 A result of t
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tajikistan 167 1850 Landmine Monito
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Thailand Background Thailand’s MO
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Timor Leste Background Timor experi
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Turkey Background Turkey has in the
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district, some areas of Teso region
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ukraine 177 1962 Interview with Dav
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Mine Action Information Centre (UMA
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Vietnam Background More than 30 yea
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No MOTAPM casualties can be confirm
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The increase in the scrap metal and
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vietnam 187 2081 Project RENEW and
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Yemen Background Yemen has witnesse
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zimbabwe 191 2129 Minister Kassim A
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1st floor 89 Albert Embankment Lond
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Country & Territory Reports - Landmine Action

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