30.11.2012 Views

Conceptual graphs and fuzzy logic: A fusion for representing and ...

Conceptual graphs and fuzzy logic: A fusion for representing and ...

Conceptual graphs and fuzzy logic: A fusion for representing and ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

<strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong>: A <strong>fusion</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />

<strong>representing</strong> <strong>and</strong> reasoning with linguistic in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

1. Cao, T.H., Faculty of Computer Science <strong>and</strong> Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet<br />

1.<br />

2.<br />

3.<br />

4.<br />

5.<br />

6.<br />

Cao T.H.<br />

Faculty of Computer Science <strong>and</strong> Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly<br />

Abstract: [No abstract available]<br />

Year: 2010<br />

Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam<br />

Source title: Studies in Computational Intelligence<br />

Volume: 306<br />

Page : 1-212<br />

Link: Scorpus Link<br />

Correspondence Address: Cao, T. H.; Faculty of Computer Science <strong>and</strong> Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City<br />

University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; email:<br />

tru@cse.hcmut.edu.vn<br />

ISSN: 1860949X<br />

ISBN: 9.78364E+12<br />

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14087-7_1<br />

Language of Original Document: English<br />

Abbreviated Source Title: Studies in Computational Intelligence<br />

Document Type: Article<br />

Source: Scopus<br />

Authors with affiliations:<br />

Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam<br />

References:<br />

Aït-Kaci, H., Nasr, R., LOGIN: A <strong>logic</strong> programming language with built-in inheritance (1986) Journal of Logic<br />

Programming, 3, pp. 185-215<br />

Andreasen, T., Bulskov, H., Knappe, R., Similarity <strong>for</strong> conceptual querying (2003) LNCS, 2869, pp. 268-275. , Yazici, A.,<br />

Sener, C. (eds.) ISCIS 2003. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Atanassov, K., Georgiev, C., Intuitionistic <strong>fuzzy</strong> Prolog (1993) International Journal <strong>for</strong> Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems, 53, pp.<br />

121-128<br />

Baeza-Yates, R., Ribeiro-Neto, B., (1999) Modern In<strong>for</strong>mation Retrieval, , Addison-Wesley. Reading<br />

Baget, J.F., Simple conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> revisited: Hyper<strong>graphs</strong> <strong>and</strong> conjunctive types <strong>for</strong> efficient projection algorithms<br />

(2003) LNCS, 2746, pp. 229-242. , Ganter, B., de Moor, A., Lex, W. (eds.) ICCS 2003.Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Baldwin, J.M., Lawry, J., Martin, T.P., A note on probability/possibility consistency <strong>for</strong> <strong>fuzzy</strong> events (1996) Proceedings of<br />

the 6th International Conference on In<strong>for</strong>mation Processing <strong>and</strong> Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems,<br />

pp. 521-525


7.<br />

8.<br />

9.<br />

10.<br />

11.<br />

12.<br />

13.<br />

14.<br />

15.<br />

16.<br />

17.<br />

18.<br />

19.<br />

20.<br />

21.<br />

22.<br />

23.<br />

24.<br />

25.<br />

26.<br />

27.<br />

28.<br />

Baldwin, J.F., Martin, T.P., Pilsworth, B.W., (1995) Fril-Fuzzy <strong>and</strong> Evidential Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence, ,<br />

Research Studies Press, New York<br />

Barwise, J., Cooper, R., Generalized quantifiers <strong>and</strong> natural language (1981) Linguistics <strong>and</strong> Philosophy, 4, pp. 159-219<br />

Beierle, C., Hedtstuck, U., Pletat, U., Schmitt, P.H., Siekmann, J., An order-sorted <strong>logic</strong> <strong>for</strong> knowledge representation<br />

systems (1992) Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 55, pp. 149-191<br />

Belnap, N.D., A useful four-valued <strong>logic</strong> (1977) Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logic, pp. 9-37. , Dunn, J.M., Epstein,<br />

G. (eds.). D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht<br />

Berners-Lee, T., (2001) Reflections on Web Architecture, , http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/CG.html<br />

Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O., The semantic web (2001) Scientific American Magazine, , May<br />

Bilenko, M., Adaptive name matching in in<strong>for</strong>mation integration (2003) IEEE Intelligent Systems, 18, pp. 16-23<br />

Buckley, C., Implementation of the SMART in<strong>for</strong>mation retrieval system (1985) Technical Report, pp. 85-686. , Cornell<br />

University<br />

Budanitsky, A., Hirst, G., Semantic distance in WordNet: An experimental, application-oriented evaluation of five<br />

measures (2001) Proceedings of the Workshop on WordNet <strong>and</strong> Other Lexical Resources, , 2nd Meeting of the North<br />

American Chapter of the Association <strong>for</strong> Computational Linguistics<br />

Cao, T.H., Annotated <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> programs <strong>for</strong> soft computing (1998) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on<br />

Computational Intelligence <strong>and</strong> Multimedia Applications, pp. 459-464. , Selvaraj, H., Verma, B. (eds.). World Scientific,<br />

Singapore<br />

Cao, T.H., Annotated <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> programs (2000) International Journal <strong>for</strong> Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems, 113 (2), pp. 277-298<br />

Cao, T.H., A <strong>for</strong>malism <strong>for</strong> <strong>representing</strong> <strong>and</strong> reasoning with linguistic in<strong>for</strong>mation (2002) International Journal of<br />

Uncertainty, Fuzziness <strong>and</strong> Knowledge-Based Systems, 10 (3), pp. 281-307<br />

Cao, T.H., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong> <strong>for</strong> modelling <strong>and</strong> computing with generallized quantified statements (2003) LNCS, 2873,<br />

pp. 80-101. , Lawry, J., Shanahan, J., Ralescu, A. (eds.) Modelling with Words. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Cao, T.H., A note on the model-theoretic semantics of <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> programming <strong>for</strong> dealing with inconsistency (2004)<br />

International Journal of Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems, 144, pp. 93-104<br />

Cao, T.H., Anh, M.H., Ontology-based underst<strong>and</strong>ing of natural language queries using nested conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> (2010)<br />

Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on <strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures, , Springer Heidelberg to appear<br />

Cao, T.H., Cao, T.D., Tran, T.L., A robust ontology-based method <strong>for</strong> translating natural language queries to conceptual<br />

<strong>graphs</strong> (2008) LNCS, 5367, pp. 479-492. , Domingue, J., Anutariya, C. (eds.) ASWC 2008. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Cao, T.H., Creasy, P.N., Fuzzy order-sorted <strong>logic</strong> programming in conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> with a sound <strong>and</strong> complete proof<br />

procedure (1998) LNCS (LNAI), 1453, pp. 270-284. , Mugnier, M.-L., Chein, M. (eds.) ICCS 1998. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Cao, T.H., Creasy, P.N., Fuzzy types: A framework <strong>for</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling uncertainty about types of objects (2000) International<br />

Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 25 (3), pp. 217-253<br />

Cao, T.H., Creasy, P.N., Wuwongse, V., Fuzzy types <strong>and</strong> their lattices (1997) Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International<br />

Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 805-812<br />

Cao, T.H., Creasy, P.N., Wuwongse, V., Fuzzy unification <strong>and</strong> resolution proof procedure <strong>for</strong> <strong>fuzzy</strong> conceptual graph<br />

programs (1997) LNCS (LNAI). Springer, Heidelberg, 1257, pp. 386-400. , Delugach, H.S., Keeler, M.A., Searle, L.,<br />

Lukose, D., Sowa, J.F. (eds.) ICCS 1997<br />

Cao, T.H., Do, H.T., Hong, D.T., Quan, T.T., Fuzzy named entity-based document clustering (2008) Proceedings of the<br />

17th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 2028-2034<br />

Cao, T.H., Huynh, D.T., Approximate knowledge graph retrieval: Measures <strong>and</strong> realization (2006) Fuzzy Logic <strong>and</strong> the


29.<br />

30.<br />

31.<br />

32.<br />

33.<br />

34.<br />

35.<br />

36.<br />

37.<br />

38.<br />

39.<br />

40.<br />

41.<br />

42.<br />

43.<br />

44.<br />

45.<br />

46.<br />

47.<br />

48.<br />

Semantic Web, Capturing Intelligence, pp. 283-304. , Sanchez, E. (ed.). Elsevier Science, Amsterdam<br />

Cao, T.H., Huynh, D.T., Subsumption degrees between entity types <strong>and</strong> names <strong>for</strong> approximate knowledge retrieval (2007)<br />

International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness <strong>and</strong> Knowledge-Based Systems, 15 (1), pp. 21-42<br />

Cao, T.H., Le, K.C., Ngo, V.M., Exploring combinations of onto<strong>logic</strong>al features <strong>and</strong> keywords <strong>for</strong> text retrieval (2008)<br />

LNCS (LNAI), 5351, pp. 603-613. , Ho, T.-B., Zhou, Z.-H. (eds.) PRICAI 2008. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Cao, T.H., Noi, N.V., A Framework <strong>for</strong> linguistic <strong>logic</strong> programming (2010) International Journal of Intelligent Systems,<br />

25 (6), pp. 559-580<br />

Carpenter, B., (1992) The Logic of Typed Feature Structures with Applications to Unification Grammars Logic Programs<br />

<strong>and</strong> Constraint Resolution, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge<br />

Chein, M., Mugnier, M.L., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong>: Fundamental notions (1992) Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle, 6 (4), pp. 365-<br />

406<br />

Chein, M., Mugnier, M.L., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong> are also <strong>graphs</strong> (1995) Research Report No. 95003, , Laboratoire<br />

d'In<strong>for</strong>matique, de Robotique et de Micro-électronique de Montpellier<br />

Chein, M., Mugnier, M.L., (2008) Graph-based Knowledge Representation <strong>and</strong> Reasoning: Computational Foundations of<br />

<strong>Conceptual</strong> Graphs, , Springer London<br />

Chortaras, A., Stamou, G.B., Stafylopatis, A., Definition <strong>and</strong> adaptation of weighted <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> programs (2009)<br />

International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness <strong>and</strong> Knowledge-Based Systems, 17 (1), pp. 85-135<br />

Church, K.W., Hanks, P., (1989) Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association <strong>for</strong> Computational<br />

Linguistics, pp. 76-83. , Word association norms, mutual in<strong>for</strong>mation, <strong>and</strong> lexicography<br />

Cimiano, P., Haase, P., Heizmann, J., Porting natural language interfaces between domains-an experimental user study with<br />

the ORAKEL system (2007) Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp.<br />

180-189<br />

Cohen, W.W., Ravikumar, P., Fienberg, S.E., A comparison of string distance metrics <strong>for</strong> name-matching tasks (2003)<br />

Proceedings of the 18th IJCAI Workshop on In<strong>for</strong>mation Integration on the Web<br />

Coulondre, S., Salvat, E., Piece resolution: Towards larger perspectives (1998) LNCS (LNAI), 1453, pp. 179-193. ,<br />

Mugnier, M.-L., Chein, M. (eds.) ICCS 1998. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Crestani, F., Pasi, G., Soft in<strong>for</strong>mation retrieval: Applications of <strong>fuzzy</strong> set theory <strong>and</strong> neural networks (1999) Neuro-Fuzzy<br />

Techniques <strong>for</strong> Intelligent In<strong>for</strong>mation Systems, pp. 287-315. , Kasabov, N., Kozma, R. (eds.). Physica Verlag, Heidelberg<br />

Cunningham, H., Maynard, D., Bontcheva, K., Tablan, V., GATE: A framework <strong>and</strong> graphical development environment<br />

<strong>for</strong> robust NLP tools <strong>and</strong> applications (2002) Proceedings of the 40th Anniversary Meeting of the Association <strong>for</strong><br />

Computational Linguistics<br />

Dau, F., Correia, J.H., Nested concept <strong>graphs</strong>: Mathematical foundations <strong>and</strong> applications <strong>for</strong> databases (2003) Using<br />

<strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures, , Ganter, B., de Moor, A. (eds.) . Shaker Verlag, Aachen<br />

Davis, M., First order <strong>logic</strong> (1994) H<strong>and</strong>book of Logic in Artificial Intelligence <strong>and</strong> Logic Programming, 1, pp. 31-67. ,<br />

Gabbay, D.M., et al. (eds.). Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press, New York<br />

Davis, R., Shrobe, H., Szolovits, P., What is a knowledge representation? (1993) AI Magazine, 14 (1), pp. 17-33<br />

Dill, S., SemTag <strong>and</strong> Seeker: Bootstrapping the Semantic Web via automated semantic annotation (2003) Proceedings of<br />

the 12th International Conference on the World Wide Web, pp. 178-186<br />

Dobrev, P., Toutanova, K., CGWorld-Architecture <strong>and</strong> features (2002) LNCS (LNAI), 2393, pp. 261-270. , Priss, U.,<br />

Corbett, D., Angelova, G. (eds.) ICCS 2002. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Dubois, D., Lang, J., Prade, H., Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning, Part 2: Logical approaches (1991) International


49.<br />

50.<br />

51.<br />

52.<br />

53.<br />

54.<br />

55.<br />

56.<br />

57.<br />

58.<br />

59.<br />

60.<br />

61.<br />

62.<br />

63.<br />

64.<br />

65.<br />

66.<br />

67.<br />

68.<br />

69.<br />

70.<br />

71.<br />

Journal <strong>for</strong> Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems, the 25th Anniversary Memorial, 40, pp. 203-244<br />

Dubois, D., Lang, J., Prade, H., Possibilistic <strong>logic</strong> (1994) H<strong>and</strong>book of Logic in Artificial Intelligence <strong>and</strong> Logic<br />

Programming, 3, pp. 439-514. , Gabbay, D.M., et al. (eds.). Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press, New York<br />

Dubois, D., Prade, H., (1980) Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems: Theory <strong>and</strong> Applications, , Academic Press. New York<br />

Dubois, D., Prade, H., The principle of minimum specificity as a basis <strong>for</strong> evidential reasoning (1987) LNCS, 286, pp. 75-<br />

84. , Bouchon, B., Yager, R.R. (eds.) Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Dubois, D., Prade, H., An introduction to possibilistic <strong>and</strong> <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong>s (1988) Non-St<strong>and</strong>ard Logics <strong>for</strong> Automated<br />

Reasoning, pp. 287-315. , Smets, P., et al. (eds.) Academic Press, London<br />

(1990) Readings in Uncertain Reasoning, pp. 742-761. , Shafer G. <strong>and</strong> Pearl, J. (eds). . Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San<br />

Mateo<br />

Ellis, G., Lehmann, F., Exploiting the induced order on type-labelled <strong>graphs</strong> <strong>for</strong> fast knowledge retrieval (1994) LNCS<br />

(LNAI), 835, pp. 293-310. , Tepfenhart, W.M., Dick, J.P., Sowa, J. (eds.) ICCS 1994. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Esteva, F., Garcia-Calvés, P., Godo, L., Relating <strong>and</strong> extending semantical approaches to possibilistic reasoning (1994)<br />

International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 10, pp. 311-344<br />

Fargues, J., L<strong>and</strong>au, M.C., Dugourd, A., Catach, L., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong> <strong>for</strong> semantics <strong>and</strong> knowledge processing (1986)<br />

IBM Journal of Research <strong>and</strong> Development, 30 (1), pp. 70-79<br />

Gaines, B.R., Fuzzy <strong>and</strong> probability uncertainty <strong>logic</strong>s (1978) Journal of In<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong> Control, 38, pp. 154-169<br />

Gauch, S., Wang, J., Rachakonda, S.M., A corpus analysis approach <strong>for</strong> automatic query expansion <strong>and</strong> its extension to<br />

multiple databases (1999) Transactions on In<strong>for</strong>mation Systems, 17 (3), pp. 250-269. , ACM<br />

Genest, D., Salvat, E., A plat<strong>for</strong>m allowing typed nested <strong>graphs</strong>: How CoGITo became CoGITaNT (1998) LNCS (LNAI),<br />

1453, pp. 154-161. , Mugnier, M.-L., Chein, M. (eds.) ICCS 1998. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Ghosh, B.C., (1996) <strong>Conceptual</strong> Graph Language - A Language of Logic <strong>and</strong> In<strong>for</strong>mation in <strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures, , PhD<br />

thesis Asian Institute of Technology<br />

Ghosh, B.C., Wuwongse, V., Declarative semantics of conceptual graph programs (1993) Proceedings of the 2nd<br />

Workshop on Peirce, , Conjunction with the 1st International Conference on <strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures<br />

Ghosh, B.C., Wuwongse, V., Inference systems <strong>for</strong> conceptual graph programs (1994) LNCS, 835, pp. 214-229. ,<br />

Tepfenhart, W.M., Dick, J.P., Sowa, J.F. (eds.) ICCS 1994. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Ghosh, B.C., Wuwongse, V., A direct proof procedure <strong>for</strong> definite conceptual graph programs (1995) LNCS (LNAI), 954,<br />

pp. 158-172. , Ellis, G., et al. (eds.) ICCS 1995. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Glöckner, I., Fuzzy quantifiers: A computational theory (2006) Studies in Fuzziness <strong>and</strong> Soft Computing, 193. , Springer,<br />

Heidelberg<br />

Godo, L., Vila, L., Possibilistic temporal reasoning based on <strong>fuzzy</strong> temporal constraints (1995) Proceedings of the 14th<br />

International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1916-1922<br />

Goguen, J.A., L-<strong>fuzzy</strong> sets (1967) Journal of Mathematical Analysis <strong>and</strong> Application, 18, pp. 145-174<br />

Goguen, J.A., Meseguer, J., Equality, types, modules <strong>and</strong> (why not?) generics <strong>for</strong> <strong>logic</strong> programming (1984) Journal of<br />

Logic Programming, 1 (2), pp. 179-210<br />

Gospodnetic, O., Parsing, indexing, <strong>and</strong> searching XML with Digester <strong>and</strong> Lucene (2003) IBM DeveloperWorks<br />

Grätzer, G., (1978) General Lattice Theory, , Academic Press, New York<br />

Haemmerlé, O., Buche, P., Thomopoulos, R., The MIEL system: Uni<strong>for</strong>m interrogation of structured <strong>and</strong> weakly-structured<br />

imprecise data (2007) Journal of Intelligent In<strong>for</strong>mation Systems, 29, pp. 279-304<br />

Hájek, P., Fuzzy <strong>logic</strong> from the <strong>logic</strong>al point of view (1995) LNCS, 1012, pp. 31-49. , Bartosek, M., Staudek, J.,


72.<br />

73.<br />

74.<br />

75.<br />

76.<br />

77.<br />

78.<br />

79.<br />

80.<br />

81.<br />

82.<br />

83.<br />

84.<br />

85.<br />

86.<br />

87.<br />

88.<br />

89.<br />

90.<br />

91.<br />

92.<br />

93.<br />

94.<br />

Wiedermann, J. (eds.) SOFSEM 1995. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Hensman, S., Dunnion, J., Using linguistic resources to construct conceptual graph representation of texts (2004) LNCS<br />

(LNAI), 3206, pp. 81-88. , Sojka, P., Kope?ek, I., Pala, K. (eds.) TSD 2004. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Hinde, C.J., Fuzzy prolog (1986) International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 24, pp. 569-595<br />

Hirst, G., St-Onge, D., Lexical chains as representations of context <strong>for</strong> the detection <strong>and</strong> correction of malapropisms (1998)<br />

WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, pp. 305-332. , Fellbaum, C. (ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge<br />

Ho, N.D., Cédirick, F., Lexical similarity based on quantity of in<strong>for</strong>mation exchanged-synonym extraction (2004)<br />

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Vietnam & Francophone In<strong>for</strong>matics Research, pp. 193-198<br />

(1995) The Ox<strong>for</strong>d Companion to Philosophy., , Honderich, T. (ed.). Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press, Ox<strong>for</strong>d<br />

Hopcroft, J.E., Ullman, J.D., (1979) Introduction to Automata Theory Languages <strong>and</strong> Computation, , Addison-Wesley<br />

Publishing Company, Massachusetts<br />

Ishizuka, M., Kanai, N., Prolog-ELF incorporating <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> (1985) Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference<br />

on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 701-703<br />

Jaccard, P., The distribution of the flora of the alpine zone (1912) New Phytologist, 11, pp. 37-50<br />

Jaro, M.A., Probabilistic linkage of large public health data file (1995) Statistics in Medicine, 14, pp. 491-498<br />

Jeffrey, R., (1965) The Logic of Decision, , McGraw-Hill. New York<br />

Jiang, J., Conrath, D.W., Semantic similarity based on corpus statistics <strong>and</strong> lexical taxonomy (1997) Proceedings of the<br />

International Conference on Research in Computational Linguistics, pp. 19-33<br />

Kampman, A., Harmelen, F., Broekstra, J., Sesame: A generic architecture <strong>for</strong> storing <strong>and</strong> querying RDF <strong>and</strong> RDF schema<br />

(2002) LNCS, 2342, pp. 54-68. , Horrocks, I., Hendler, J. (eds.) ISWC 2002. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Kaufmann, E., Bernstein, A., Fischer, L., NLP-reduce: A "naïve" but domainindependent natural language interface <strong>for</strong><br />

querying ontologies (2007) Demo-Paper at the 4th European Semantic Web Conference, pp. 1-2<br />

Kerdiles, G., Salvat, E., A sound <strong>and</strong> complete CG proof procedure combining projections with analytic tableaux (1997)<br />

LNCS (LNAI), 1257, pp. 371-385. , Lukose, D., et al. (eds.) ICCS 1997. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Kifer, M., Lozinskii, E.L., A <strong>logic</strong> <strong>for</strong> reasoning with inconsistency (1992) Journal of Automated Reasoning, 9, pp. 179-<br />

215<br />

Kifer, M., Subrahmanian, V.S., Theory of generalized annotated <strong>logic</strong> programming <strong>and</strong> its applications (1992) Journal of<br />

Logic Programming, 12, pp. 335-367<br />

Kikuchi, H., Mukaidono, M., Linear resolution <strong>for</strong> <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> program (1994) Japanese Journal of Fuzzy Theory <strong>and</strong><br />

Systems, 6, pp. 151-165<br />

Kiryakov, A., Popov, B., Terziev, I., Manov, D., Ognyanoff, D., Semantic annotation, indexing, <strong>and</strong> retrieval (2004)<br />

Journal of Web Semantics, 2, pp. 49-79<br />

Klawonn, F., Prolog extensions to many-valued <strong>logic</strong>s (1995) Non-Classical Logics <strong>and</strong> Their Applications to Fuzzy<br />

Subsets, pp. 271-289. , Höhle, U., Klement, E.P. (eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht<br />

Klawonn, F., Castro, J.L., Similarity in <strong>fuzzy</strong> reasoning (1995) Mathware Soft Computing, 3, pp. 197-228<br />

Klir, G.J., Yuan, B., (1995) Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Fuzzy Logic Theory <strong>and</strong> Applications, , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs<br />

Kozima, H., Ito, A., Context-sensitive word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space (1997) Recent Advances in<br />

Natural Language Processing, pp. 111-124. , Mitkov, R., Nicolov, N. (eds.). John Benjamins Publishing Company,<br />

Amsterdam<br />

Kullmann, P., S<strong>and</strong>ri, S., Possibilistic <strong>logic</strong> as an annotated <strong>logic</strong> (2000) Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International<br />

Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 210-215


95.<br />

96.<br />

97.<br />

98.<br />

99.<br />

100.<br />

101.<br />

102.<br />

103.<br />

104.<br />

105.<br />

106.<br />

107.<br />

108.<br />

109.<br />

110.<br />

111.<br />

112.<br />

113.<br />

114.<br />

115.<br />

116.<br />

117.<br />

118.<br />

Lawry, J., An alternative interpretation of linguistic variables <strong>and</strong> computing with words (2000) Proceedings of the 8th<br />

International Conference on In<strong>for</strong>mation Processing <strong>and</strong> Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, pp.<br />

1743-1750<br />

Lawry, J., Modelling <strong>and</strong> reasoning with vague concepts (2006) SCI, 12. , Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Leacock, C., Chodorow, M., Combining local context <strong>and</strong> WordNet similarity <strong>for</strong> word sense identification (1998)<br />

WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, pp. 265-284. , Fellbaum, C. (ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge<br />

Lee, R.C.T., Fuzzy <strong>logic</strong> <strong>and</strong> the resolution principle (1972) Journal of, 19, pp. 109-119. , ACM<br />

Lei, Y., Uren, V., Motta, E., Semsearch: A search engine <strong>for</strong> the Semantic Web (2006) LNCS (LNAI), 4248, pp. 238-245. ,<br />

Staab, S., Svátek, V. (eds.) EKAW 2006. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Levenshtein, V.I., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, <strong>and</strong> reversals (1966) Soviet Physics-Doklady,<br />

10, pp. 707-710<br />

Li, D., Liu, D., (1990) A Fuzzy Prolog Database System, , Research Studies Press, London<br />

Lin, D., An in<strong>for</strong>mation-theoretic definition of similarity (1998) Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on<br />

Machine Learning, pp. 296-304<br />

Liu, Y., Kerre, E., An overview of <strong>fuzzy</strong> quantifiers-(I) Interpretations (II) Reasoning <strong>and</strong> applications (1998) International<br />

Journal <strong>for</strong> Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems, 95 (1-21), pp. 135-146<br />

Lloyd, J.W., (1987) Foundations of Logic Programming, , 2nd extended edn. Springer Berlin<br />

Lopez De Mantaras, R., Godo, L., From intervals to <strong>fuzzy</strong> truth-values: Adding flexibility to reasoning under uncertainty<br />

(1997) International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness <strong>and</strong> Knowledge-Based Systems, 5 (3), pp. 251-260<br />

Lu, J.J., Nerode, A., Subrahmanian, V.S., Hybrid knowledge bases (1996) IEEE Transactions on Knowledge <strong>and</strong> Data<br />

Engineering, 8, pp. 773-785<br />

Magrez, P., Smets, P., Fuzzy modus ponens: A new model suitable <strong>for</strong> applications in knowledge-based systems (1989)<br />

International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 4, pp. 181-200<br />

Manning, C.D., Raghavan, P., Schütze, H., (2008) Introduction to In<strong>for</strong>mation Retrieval, , Cambridge University Press,<br />

New York<br />

(1993) Many-Sorted Logic <strong>and</strong> Its Applications, , Meinke, K., Tucker, J.V. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons, Chichester<br />

Mendel, J.M., Zadeh, L.A., Trillas, E., Yager, R., Lawry, J., Hagras, H., Guadarrama, S., What computing with words<br />

means to me (2010) IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine<br />

Mitaim, S., Kosko, B., Neural <strong>fuzzy</strong> agents <strong>for</strong> profile learning <strong>and</strong> adaptive object matching (1998) Presence, 7, pp. 617-<br />

637<br />

Miyamoto, S., (1990) Fuzzy Sets in In<strong>for</strong>mation Retrieval <strong>and</strong> Cluster Analysis, , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht<br />

Monge, A.E., Elkan, C.P., The field-matching problem: Algorithm <strong>and</strong> applications (1996) Proceedings of the 2nd<br />

International Conference on Knowledge Discovery <strong>and</strong> Data Mining, pp. 267-270. , AAAI Press, Menlo Park<br />

Moore, R.E., (1966) Interval Analysis, , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs<br />

Morton, S.K., (1987) <strong>Conceptual</strong> Graphs <strong>and</strong> Fuzziness in Artificial Intelligence, , PhD Thesis University of Bristol<br />

Mugnier, M.L., On generalization/specialization <strong>for</strong> conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> (1995) Journal of Experimental <strong>and</strong> Theoretical<br />

Artificial Intelligence, 7, pp. 325-344<br />

Mukaidono, M., Shen, Z., Ding, L., Fundamentals of <strong>fuzzy</strong> Prolog (1989) International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,<br />

3, pp. 179-194<br />

Mulhem, P., Leow, W.K., Lee, Y.K., Fuzzy conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> <strong>for</strong> matching images of natural scenes (2001) Proceedings of<br />

the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1397-1402


119.<br />

120.<br />

121.<br />

122.<br />

123.<br />

124.<br />

125.<br />

126.<br />

127.<br />

128.<br />

129.<br />

130.<br />

131.<br />

132.<br />

133.<br />

134.<br />

135.<br />

136.<br />

137.<br />

138.<br />

139.<br />

140.<br />

141.<br />

142.<br />

Muñoz-Hernández, S., Vaucheret, C., Extending Prolog with incomplete <strong>fuzzy</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation (2005) Proceedings of the 15th<br />

International Workshop on Logic-Based Methods in Programming Environments, pp. 77-93<br />

Nelken, R., Francez, N., Querying temporal databases using controlled natural language (2000) Proceedings of the 18th<br />

Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 1076-1080<br />

Nguyen, H.T., Walker, E.A., (2005) A First Course in Fuzzy Logic, , 3rd edn. Chapman <strong>and</strong> Hall/ CRC<br />

Novák, V., First-order <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> (1987) Studia Logica, 46, pp. 87-109<br />

Nyberg, E.H., Mitamura, T., Controlled language <strong>and</strong> knowledge-based machine translation: Principles <strong>and</strong> practice (1996)<br />

Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, pp. 74-83<br />

Ogden, W.C., Bernick, P., Using natural language interfaces (1997) H<strong>and</strong>book of Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 137-<br />

162. , Hel<strong>and</strong>er, M., L<strong>and</strong>auer, T.K., Prabhu, P. (eds.) Elsevier Science, Amsterdam<br />

Pavelka, J., On <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong> (1979) Zeitschrift fur Mathematik Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematic Part i, 25 (PART 2),<br />

pp. 45-72. , 119-134, Part III7-464<br />

Peterson, P.L., On the <strong>logic</strong> of Few, Many <strong>and</strong> Most (1979) Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 20, pp. 155-179<br />

(1992) Types in Logic Programming, , Pfenning, F. (ed.) MIT Press, Cambridge<br />

Rao, A.S., Foo, N.Y., CONGRES: <strong>Conceptual</strong> graph reasoning system (1987) Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on<br />

Artificial Intelligence Applications, pp. 87-92. , IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos<br />

Reitsma, E., From requirements to implementation (1998) Applying <strong>Conceptual</strong> Graphs to Intelligent Networks, , PhD<br />

Thesis, University of Twente<br />

Rescher, N., (1969) Many-valued Logic, , McGraw-Hill, New York<br />

Resnik, P., Using in<strong>for</strong>mation content to evaluate semantic similarity in taxonomy (1995) Proceedings of the 14th<br />

International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 448-453<br />

(1989) Automatic Text Processing, , Salton, G. (ed.), Addison-Wesley, Reading<br />

Salvat, E., (1997) Raisonner Avec des Opération de Graphes: Graphes Conceptuels et Règles d'Inférence, , PhD Thesis,<br />

Université Montpellier II<br />

Salvat, E., Mugnier, M.L., Sound <strong>and</strong> complete <strong>for</strong>ward <strong>and</strong> backward chainings of graph rules (1996) LNCS (LNAI),<br />

1115, pp. 248-262. , Eklund, P., Mann, G.A., Ellis, G. (eds.) ICCS 1996. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Sekine, S., Named entity: History <strong>and</strong> future (2004) Proteus Project Report<br />

Sheth, A., Ramakrishnan, C., Thomas, C., Semantics <strong>for</strong> the semantic web: The implicit, the <strong>for</strong>mal <strong>and</strong> the powerful<br />

(2005) International Journal on Semantic Web & In<strong>for</strong>mation Systems, 1 (1), pp. 1-18<br />

Sowa, J.F., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong> <strong>for</strong> a data base interface (1976) IBM Journal of Research <strong>and</strong> Development, 20 (4), pp. 336-<br />

357<br />

Sowa, J.F., (1984) <strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures-In<strong>for</strong>mation Processing in Mind <strong>and</strong> Machine, , Addison-Wesley,Publishing<br />

Company, Massachusetts<br />

Sowa, J.F., Towards the expressive power of natural language (1991) Principles of Semantic Networks-Explorations in the<br />

Representation of Knowledge, pp. 157-189. , Sowa, J.F. (ed.) Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco<br />

Sowa, J.F., Matching <strong>logic</strong>al structure to linguistic structure (1997) Studies in the Logic of Charles S<strong>and</strong>ers Peirce, pp. 418-<br />

444. , Houser, N., Roberts, D.D., Van Evra, J. (eds.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington<br />

Sowa, J.F., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong>: Draft proposed American national st<strong>and</strong>ard (1999) LNCS (LNAI), 1640, pp. 1-65. ,<br />

Tepfenhart, W., Cyre, W. (eds.) ICCS 1999. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Sowa, J.F., <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>graphs</strong> (2008) H<strong>and</strong>book of Knowledge Representation, pp. 213-237. , van Harmelen, F., Lifschitz,<br />

V., Porter, B. (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam


143.<br />

144.<br />

145.<br />

146.<br />

147.<br />

148.<br />

149.<br />

150.<br />

151.<br />

152.<br />

153.<br />

154.<br />

155.<br />

156.<br />

157.<br />

158.<br />

159.<br />

160.<br />

161.<br />

162.<br />

163.<br />

164.<br />

165.<br />

Straccia, U., Fuzzy description <strong>logic</strong> programs (2008) Uncertainty <strong>and</strong> Intelligent In<strong>for</strong>mation Systems, pp. 405-416. ,<br />

Bouchon-Meunier, B., Yager, R.R., Marsala, C., Rifqi, M. (eds.). World Scientific, Singapore<br />

Subrahmanian, V.S., On the semantics of quantitative <strong>logic</strong> programs (1987) Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Symposium on<br />

Logic Programming, pp. 173-182. , IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington<br />

Tablan, V., Damljanovic, D., Bontcheva, K., A natural language query interface to structured in<strong>for</strong>mation 2008 (2008)<br />

LNCS (LNAI), 5021, pp. 361-375. , Bechhofer, S., Hauswirth, M., Hoffmann, J., Koubarakis, M. (eds.) ESWC 2008.<br />

Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Tjan, B.S., Gardiner, D.A., Slagle, J.R., Direct inference rules <strong>for</strong> conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> with extended notation (1990)<br />

Proceedings of the 5th Annual Workshop on <strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures<br />

Tjan, B.S., Gardiner, D.A., Slagle, J.R., Representing <strong>and</strong> reasoning with set referents <strong>and</strong> numerical quantifiers (1992)<br />

<strong>Conceptual</strong> Structures-Current Research <strong>and</strong> Practice, pp. 53-66. , Nagle, T.E., et al. (eds.). Ellis Horwood<br />

Umano, M., (1987) Fuzzy Set Prolog, pp. 750-753. , Preprints of the 2nd International Fuzzy Systems Association<br />

Congress<br />

Van Emden, M.H., Quantitative deduction <strong>and</strong> its fixpoint theory (1986) Journal of Logic Programming, 1, pp. 37-53<br />

Vertan, C., Boujemaa, N., Using <strong>fuzzy</strong> histograms <strong>and</strong> distances <strong>for</strong> color image retrieval (2000) Proceedings of<br />

Conference on Challenges of Image Retrieval, pp. 1-6<br />

Virtanen, H.E., Lukasiewicz <strong>logic</strong> programming based on <strong>fuzzy</strong> equality (1996) Proceedings of the 4th European Congress<br />

on Intelligent Techniques <strong>and</strong> Soft Computing, pp. 646-650<br />

Wang, H., Logic of many-sorted theories (1952) Journal of Symbolic Logic, 17 (2), pp. 105-116<br />

Wermelinger, M., Lopes, J.G., Basic conceptual structures theory (1994) LNCS (LNAI), 835, pp. 144-159. , Tepfenhart,<br />

W.M., Dick, J.P., Sowa, J.F. (eds.) ICCS 1994 Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Willems, M., Projection <strong>and</strong> unification <strong>for</strong> conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> (1995) LNCS (LNAI), 954, pp. 278-292. , Ellis, G., et al.<br />

(eds.) ICCS 1995. Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Wilson, R.J., Beineke, L.W., (1979) Applications of Graph Theory., , Academic Press London<br />

Winkler, W.E., The state of record linkage <strong>and</strong> current research problems (1999) Technical Report Statistical Research<br />

Report Series RR99/04, , US Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C<br />

Wu, Z., Palmer, M., Verb semantics <strong>and</strong> lexical selection (1994) Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the<br />

Association <strong>for</strong> Computational Linguistics, pp. 133-138<br />

Wuwongse, V., Cao, T.H., Towards <strong>fuzzy</strong> conceptual graph programs (1996) LNCS (LNAI), 1115, pp. 263-276. , Eklund,<br />

P.W., et al. (eds.) ICCS 1996 Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Wuwongse, V., Manzano, M., Fuzzy conceptual <strong>graphs</strong> (1993) LNCS (LNAI), 699, pp. 430-449. , Mineau, G.W., Moulin,<br />

B., Sowa, J.F. (eds.) ICCS 1993 Springer, Heidelberg<br />

Yao, H., Etzkorn, L., Conversion from the <strong>Conceptual</strong> Graph (CG) model to the Resource Description Framework (RDF)<br />

model (2004) LNCS (LNAI), 3127, pp. 98-114. , Wolff, K.E., Pfeiffer, H.D., Delugach, H.S. (eds.) ICCS 2004. Springer,<br />

Heidelberg<br />

Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy sets (1965) Journal of In<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong> Control, 8, pp. 338-353<br />

Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy <strong>logic</strong> <strong>and</strong> approximate reasoning (In memory of Grigore Moisil) (1975) Synthese, 30, pp. 407-428<br />

Zadeh, L.A., The concepts of a linguistic variable <strong>and</strong> its application to approximate reasoning I, II, III (1975) In<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

Sciences, 8, pp. 199-251. , 301-357<br />

9 43-80<br />

Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy sets as a basis <strong>for</strong> a theory of possibility theory (1978) International Journal <strong>for</strong> Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong>


166.<br />

167.<br />

168.<br />

169.<br />

170.<br />

171.<br />

172.<br />

Systems, 1, pp. 3-28<br />

Zadeh, L.A., PRUF - A meaning representation language <strong>for</strong> natural languages (1978) International Journal of Man-<br />

Machine Studies, 10, pp. 395-460<br />

Zadeh, L.A., A theory of approximate reasoning (1979) Machine Intelligence, 9, pp. 149-194<br />

Zadeh, L.A., A <strong>fuzzy</strong>-set-theoretic approach to <strong>fuzzy</strong> quantifiers in natural languages (1983) Computers <strong>and</strong> Mathematics<br />

with Applications, 9, pp. 149-184<br />

Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy <strong>logic</strong> = computing with words (1996) IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 4, pp. 103-111<br />

Zadeh, L.A., Towards a theory of <strong>fuzzy</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation granulation <strong>and</strong> its centrality in human reasoning <strong>and</strong> <strong>fuzzy</strong> <strong>logic</strong><br />

(1997) Fuzzy Sets <strong>and</strong> Systems, 90 (2), pp. 111-127<br />

Zhang, L., Yu, Y., Learning to generate CGs <strong>for</strong> domain specific sentences (2001) LNCS (LNAI), pp. 44-57. , Delugach,<br />

H., Stumme, G. (eds.) ICCS 2001. Springer, Heidelberg 2120<br />

Zhu, J., Uren, V., Motta, E., ESpotter: Adaptive named entity recognition <strong>for</strong> Web browsing (2005) LNCS (LNAI), 3782,<br />

pp. 518-529. , Althoff, K.-D., Dengel, A., Bergmann, R., Nick, M. (eds.) WM 2005. Springer, Heidelberg

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!