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Book Reviews interpret the numerous court records in which detailed descriptions are given of witchcraft and witches’ Sabbaths. Durrant’s study demonstrates once again that these sources leave a great deal of room for interpretation. In essence, it is undisputed that those under suspicion of witchcraft ultimately had to invent narratives that satisfied the authorities’ desire for persecution. But the question of to what extent these descriptions depict the real, everyday life of these people is left even further open by this work. RALF-PETER FUCHS is a Privatdozent in the Department of History at the University of Munich. His main research interests are historical anthropology, historical criminology, witchcraft, gender history, the imperial chamber court (Reichskammergericht), and the history of the Thirty Years War. His numerous publications include Um die Ehre: Westfälische Beleidigungsprozesse vor dem Reichskammergericht (1525–1805) (1999); Hexenverfolgung an Ruhr und Lippe: Die Nutzung der Justiz durch Herren und Untertanen (2002); and, ed. with Arndt Brendecke and Edith Koller, Die Autorität der Zeit in der Frühen Neuzeit (2007). A large study entitled Ein ‘Medium’ zum Frieden: Die Normaljahrsregel und die Beendigung des Dreißigjährigen Krieges is in preparation. 110
SUSANNE FRIEDRICH, Drehscheibe Regensburg: Das Informationsund Kommunikationssystem des Immerwährenden Reichstages um 1700, Colloquia Augustana, 23 (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2007), 656 pp. ISBN 978 3 05 004204 6. €59.80 The Immerwährender Reichstag (Permanent Imperial Diet), the subject of Susanne Friedrich’s revised Augsburg dissertation, met from 1663 until 1803. Unlike previous imperial diets, which were ad hoc assemblies usually convened in response to military exigencies, the Immerwährender Reichstag was a standing consultative body that met permanently (as the name suggests) to deal with matters relating to the Holy Roman Empire’s internal and external affairs. For the first time the diet had a fixed location, in the south <strong>German</strong> imperial city of Regensburg, where principalities able to afford the expense maintained permanent embassies. Foreign powers like France, England, and Holland also sent ambassadors to Regensburg, which by 1700 had become a major diplomatic hub. Paradoxically, although the role of the diet within the empire itself declined owing to the failure to bring about any significant reform of the Holy Roman Empire, the institution acquired new importance on the broader European stage as a venue for building alliances, gathering intelligence, and conducting public relations campaigns. Regensburg became the nodal point of an international public sphere, or what Britain’s ambassador to the diet in 1688 called a place where ‘all publique affaires that are transacted in Christendom are known and carefully examin’d’. Friedrich explores the expanding networks of information and communication that accompanied the diet’s evolution from representative assembly to diplomatic entrepôt. Her study reflects current scholarly interest in the communicative dimensions of political culture under the Old Regime. Underlying this perspective is the recognition that however much early modern regimes may have deemed secrecy vital to the interests of the state, the exigencies of state-building ultimately had the opposite effect. Chronic warfare and colonial rivalries created a burgeoning demand for political information in the form of newspapers and broadsheets. Expanding bureaucracies generated ever more information, the flow of which in turn accelerated through the development of more efficient postal services. The growth of courts expanded the range of those with access to political information, from high-ranking diplomats and ministers privy to 111
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German Historical Institute London
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ARTICLE IDEAS OF JUSTICE IN THE FOU
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Justice and the German Old Age Pens
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REVIEW ARTICLES THE ORIGINS OF THE
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gious fragmentation that overwhelme
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The most exacting theorist in this
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was no substantial or consistent in
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niques. 12 Sleidan approached the s
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ian of Protestantism. It was for th
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tious scholars turned to cosmology,
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But there was a deeper logic as wel
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enth centuries and the rise of the
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teleological: it was a response to
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Among his publications are The Refo
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Britain, Germany, and the Fall of t
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maintained intense contacts concern
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Local Histories, Global Heritage, L
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Local Histories, Global Heritage, L
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South Asian Experiences of the Worl
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South Asian Experiences of the Worl
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171 Noticeboard of political interv
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173 Noticeboard fare within the UK
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New GHIL Publications 175 Noticeboa
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etween a modern political history o
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179 Refugee Voices ranges from Glas
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181 Refugee Voices panying the coll
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should make it an indispensable too
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185 Recent Acquisitions Baberowski,
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187 Recent Acquisitions Diner, Dan,
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Hausman, William J., Peter Hertner,
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Mauch, Christof and Thomas Zeller (
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Reitmayer, Morten, Elite: Sozialges
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Walter, Rolf (ed.), Geschichte der
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Vol. 11: Wolfgang J. Mommsen and Wo
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Vol. 34: Friedrich Weckerlein, Stre
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Vol. 58: Ursula Rombeck-Jaschinski,
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Michael Schaich (ed.), Monarchy and
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Peter Alter (ed.), Out of the Third
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1981 A. J. P. Taylor, 1939 Revisite
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German Historical Institute London
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