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Noticeboard African women into popular topics of public discussion. They created not only stereotypes, but also new knowledge of spheres that were previously relatively unknown. In this way the scandals developed normative demands as regards the behaviour of monarchs, politicians, and civil servants. Moreover, they led to legal reforms, but also to a pessimistic perception of increasing moral decline. In each case the British commentary on German scandals and vice versa reinforced ideas about the other country. FABIAN KLOSE, Menschenrechte im Schatten kolonialer Gewalt: Die Dekolonisierungskriege in Kenia und Algerien, 1945–1962, Veröffentli - chungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London/Publications of the German Historical Institute London, 66 (Munich: Oldenbourg, 2009), x + 346 pp. ISBN 978 3 486 58884 2. €39.80 Abstract The process of decolonization and the institutionalization of the general idea of human rights are two of the key features of twentiethcentury world history. This dissertation combines these two fields of research, which so far have generally been looked at separately, and examines the interactions and repercussions in each case. The focus here is on the wars of decolonization and their massive violation of human rights. Using the Mau-Mau war in Kenya (1952–6) and the Algerian war (1954–62) as examples, this comparative study examines the policy of violence of the two colonial powers, Britain and France. Analysis of the colonial state of emergency, the ‘anti-subversive’ military strategy, and the significance of humanitarian international law in both conflicts produces generally valid conclusions about the radicalization of colonial violence and the role of universal rights in the wake of decolonization. The crimes committed during the wars of decolonization were diametrically opposed to the global acceptance of the idea of human rights. Virtually until the end of decolonization they did lasting damage to the international human rights regime. The study draws a wide arc and integrates three central topics: human rights and decolonization, wars of decolonization and the unleashing of colonial violence, and the repercussions on the international human rights discourse. Methodologically at the interface 176
etween a modern political history of ideas and a comparative history of events, the work is based on previously inaccessible material from a series of international archives such as those of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the United Nations Humans Rights Commission. 177 Noticeboard
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German Historical Institute London
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ARTICLE IDEAS OF JUSTICE IN THE FOU
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Justice and the German Old Age Pens
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REVIEW ARTICLES THE ORIGINS OF THE
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gious fragmentation that overwhelme
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The most exacting theorist in this
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was no substantial or consistent in
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niques. 12 Sleidan approached the s
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ian of Protestantism. It was for th
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tious scholars turned to cosmology,
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But there was a deeper logic as wel
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enth centuries and the rise of the
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teleological: it was a response to
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Among his publications are The Refo
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Britain, Germany, and the Fall of t
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BOOK REVIEWS INGRID BAUMGÄRTNER an
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Cartographic Concepts of Medieval E
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Integration and Disintegration in M
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Integration and Disintegration in M
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Medieval Culture of Making Requests
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PAUL FOURACRE and DAVID GANZ (eds.)
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97 Frankland tions were made agains
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Finally, Wendy Davies (‘Franks an
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Mirrors of Princes and the Ideal Ru
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JONATHAN B. DURRANT, Witchcraft, Ge
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Witchcraft in Early Modern Germany
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SUSANNE FRIEDRICH, Drehscheibe Rege
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Information Networks at the Permane
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JOHANN GUSTAV DROYSEN, Historik: Te
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WOLFRAM PYTA, Hindenburg: Herrschaf
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ed and united society as an imperat
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