Carbonate environments

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Palaeoecology of carbonates• Different from clastic <strong>environments</strong>because organisms themselves makemost of the sediment and thus controlits grain size and distribution.<strong>Carbonate</strong>deposition is less related tohydrodynamic regime than for clastics
Taphonomic feedback• Biogenic carbonate controlled byorganisms, so taphonomic feedbackvery important
Page 1 and 2: Carbonate environmentsEnvironments
Page 3: Carbonate environmentsvery differen
Page 7: • Usually dominant: range from hu
Page 10 and 11: Foramol association• Temperate wa
Page 12: Controls on associations
Page 15 and 16: Scleractinian Corals (Modern),Frame
Page 17 and 18: Homotrema Rubrum:Foraminifera• Mi
Page 19 and 20: Non-skeletal grains• Association
Page 21 and 22: Climate• Skeletal grains are depe
Page 23: Flux of calcium carbonate from surf
Page 26 and 27: Modern distribution ofcarbonates an
Page 28: Dunham’s classification
Page 31 and 32: Organisms and SedimentProducers
Page 33 and 34: Shallow Marine CarbonateSediments
Page 38 and 39: Fiji, High Tide
Page 40 and 41: More on ramps• Below FWB reworkin
Page 42 and 43: Epeiric Platform Facies• Tidal an
Page 44 and 45: Reef facies• High energy. Wave im
Page 46 and 47: Reef composition• Framework, cons
Page 48 and 49: Environments of Different growthfor
Page 50 and 51: Reef succession
Page 52 and 53: Modern Reef Environment
Page 54 and 55:
Cementation by aragonite
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Later Burial (Dolomite dependanton
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Recognition of fossil reefs• Can
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Build-up classification
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Fossil reef structure• Core: mass
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Facies in the record
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Another interpretationof history of
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Lower-Middle CambrianArchaeocyaths
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Ordovician/Silurian build-ups• E.
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StromatactisTypical component - spa
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Gotland Stromatoporoid buildupsKupp
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Waulsortian mud mounds• Very hard
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Common in Ireland…MoundOverlyingb
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Typical rudist buildup,Northern Sin
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Carbonate environments

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