PDF of October Issue - IEEE Photonics Society

October 2012Vol. 26, No. 5www.PhotonicsSociety.orgSpace division multiplexing:MIMO and multimode fibercommunicationsOptical wirelesscommunication: DSPwith LED lightingAlso inside:• Highlights from SummerTopical on High PowerSemiconductor Lasers• Technology ManagementCouncil – The importanceof conversation

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October 2012Vol. 26, No. 5www.PhotonicsSociety.orgSpace division multiplexing:MIMO and multimode bercommunicationsOptical wirelesscommunication: DSPwith LED lightingAlso inside:• Highlights from SummerTopical on High PowerSemiconductor Lasers• Technology ManagementCouncil – The importanceof conversationCover Image:Credit for the photo to Gary SmithPhoto taken at Summer Topicals in SeattleOctober 2012 Volume 26, Number 5FEATURESResearch Highlights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4– Space-Division Multiplexing for Optical Communicationsby William Shieh et al.– Digital Signal Processing for Light Emitting Diode Based Visible Light Communicationby C.W. Chow et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96PumpSourceλ MMF s inSignalAttenuatorLP 01LP 11aλ pLP 11bDichroicMirrorMMFEDFAModuleModeCombinerMMF outNews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14• Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Society 2013 DistinguishedLecturer Awards• Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Award• Nominations for IEEE AwardsLP mnCollimating LensCareers and Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18• IEEE Photonics Society Awards Deadline• IEEE Photonics Society 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship recipients• IEEE Technology Management Council11Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26• Benefits of IEEE Senior MembershipConferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27• IPS Conference Calendar• ACP preview• IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Wrap up• OFC 2013 – Call for papers• International Semiconductor Laser Conference 2012• Optical Interconnects Conference 2013• IPS Conference Management• Forthcoming events with ICO participation• 2012 IPS Co-Sponsored Calendar• 2013 IEEE ITMC – Call for papers24Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39• Photonics Journal Flyer• Call for Papers:– JSTQE: Semiconductor Lasers– JSTQE: Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices– JSTQE: Graphene OptoelectronicsCOLUMNSEditor’s Column . . . . . . . . . 2 President’s Column . . . . . . . . . . 3October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 1

Editor’sColumnHON TSANGAn important area of applications, driving the researchthat has led to many of the advances in photonics in thelast thirty years is optical communications. The advancesin fiber optic networks have sustained the exponentialgrowth of both the internet and today’s mobile 3G and4G networks. Although many research funding agenciestoday regard optical communications as a relativelymature technology, and place higher priority on otherapplication areas which may have more impact to society,there is still room for some quite interesting researchin optical communications. In this month’s researchhighlights section we look at a couple of promising newdirections in optical communications. Spatial divisionmultiplexing is attracting interest as one of the possibleapproaches to increase transmission capacity even whenall the possible wavelengths in a dense wavelength divisionmultiplexing (DWDM) fiber link are fully used.The first paper in the Research Highlights section of thismonth describes spatial division multiplexing (SDM)may be used in few mode fibers and the use of digitalsignal processing (DSP) techniques to recover the transmittedsignals. Today wifi networks are a ubiquitouspart of our daily lives. The second paper in the ResearchHighlights section describes an interesting possible alternativeto wifi for wireless networks. The approach,based on the modulation of visible light from light emittingdiodes used for room lighting, is still in its earlyinfancy but already the application of DSP techniqueshave been shown to allow useful data bandwidths to beachieved using of direct modulation of LEDs for generallighting. In the Career’s section of the Newsletter, IEEELife Fellow Gus Gaynor shares his experience on the importanceof conversation in leadership and management.Gus Gaynor is currently also the VP of publications forthe IEEE Technology Management Council (TMC). If,like me, you were unfamiliar with IEEE TMC, you willfind some interesting information about the TMC in theURL after this article, for example IEEE Photonics Societyis one of the 14 member societies in the TMC. In theConference section, Gary Smith highlights some of thetalks from the summer topical meeting on High PowerLasers held in Seattle in July. January 2013 will mark the50th anniversary of IEEE and we will have a special sectionin the next issue of the newsletter to commemoratethis anniversary. I hope you enjoy this month’s articlesand as always, we welcome any comments and suggestionson we may improve the Newsletter!Hon TsangIEEE Photonics SocietyPresidentHideo KuwaharaFujitsu Laboratories4-1-1, Kamikodanaka, NakaharaKawasaki, 211-8588, JapanTel: +81 44 754 2068Fax: +81 44 754 2580Email: kuwahara.hideo@jp.fujitsu.comPast PresidentJames ColemanDept of E & C EngineeringUniversity of Illinois208 N. Wright StreetUrbana, IL 81801-2355Tel: +217 333 2555Email: j.coleman@ieee.orgSecretrary-TreasurerDalma NovakPharad, LLC797 Cromwell Park DriveSuite VGlen Burnie, MD 21061Tel: +410 590 3333Email: d.novak@ieee.orgExecutive DirectorRichard LinkeIEEE Photonics Society445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854-1331Tel: +1 732 562 3891Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: r.linke@ieee.orgBoard of GovernorsP. Andrekson A. KirkY. Arakawa F. KoyamaS. Bigo J. McInerneyJ. Capmany L. NelsonM. Glick D. NovakP. Juodawlkis P. SmowtonVice PresidentsConferences - K. ChoquetteFinance & Administration – C. JagadishMembership & RegionalActivities – J. KashPublications – B. TkachTechnical Affairs – T. KochNewsletter StaffExecutive EditorHon K. TsangDepartment of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong KongTel: +852 - 39438254Fax: +852 - 26035558Email: hktsang@ee.cuhk.edu.hkAssociate Editor of Asia& PacificChristina LimDepartment of Electrical &Electronic EngineeringThe University of MelbourneVIC 3010 AustraliaTel: +61-3-8344-4486Email: chrislim@unimelb.edu.auAssociate Editor of CanadaLawrence R. ChenDepartment of Electrical &Computer EngineeringMcConnell Engineering Building,Rm 633McGill University3480 University St.Montreal, QuebecCanada H3A-2A7Tel: +514 398 1879Fax: 514 398 3127Email: lawrence.chen@mcgill.caAssociate Editor of Europe/Mid East/AfricaKevin A. WilliamsEindhoven University of TechnologyInter-University Research InstituteCOBRA on CommunicationTechnologyDepartment of ElectricalEngineeringPO Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven,The NetherlandsEmail: K.A.Williams@tue.nlStaff EditorLisa ManteriaIEEE Photonics Society445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854Tel: 1 732 465 6662Fax: 1 732 981 1138Email: ipsnewsletter@ieee.orgIEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, visithttp://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.IEEE Photonics Society News (USPS 014-023) is published bimonthlyby the Photonics Society of the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers, Inc., Corporate Office: 3 Park Avenue, 17thFloor, New York, NY 10017-2394. Printed in the USA. One dollar permember per year is included in the Society fee for each memberof the Photonics Society. Periodicals postage paid at New York,NY and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send addresschanges to Photonics Society Newsletter, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854.Copyright © 2012 by IEEE: Permission to copy without fee all orpart of any material without a copyright notice is granted providedthat the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercialadvantage, and the title of the publication and its dateappear on each copy. To copy material with a copyright noticerequires specific permission. Please direct all inquiries or requeststo IEEE Copyrights Office.2 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

President’sColumnHIDEO KUWAHARAPhotonics Technology is Wide RangingRecently I read an article in a premier Japanese newspaperfocusing on recent rapid progress in the area of optogenetics,where optical signals are used to observe and manipulate thebehavior of neurons in the brain. Recent experimental analysisusing mice was reported, and a specific memory from the pastcould be recalled in mice brains via light stimulation. Comparedwith conventional methods of stimulation using electricsignals, the new approach was observed to be better in clarifyingthe effects on each neuron. Optogenetics will be effectivefor gradually clarifying mechanisms in the brain, and it is alsoexpected to be effective for curing some diseases. Photonicstechnology is becoming a powerful tool in this area as well.Another article introduced the recent progress of artificialphotosynthesis using semiconductors which can fabricate organiccompounds from water, CO2 and sunlight, with comparableefficiency to plants used for biomass. This would bea significant step towards a solution that contributes to suppressingglobal warming and the exhaustion of fossil fuel energy,while also helping to realize a society that relies solely onrecycled energy.As you can see, “photonics” covers a very wide technologyarea. I also feel recently, however, that the recognition of thisword is still not very high among the general public. Thoughthey know the word “photo”, some explanation is requiredwhen we talk about “photonics”. So I want to encourage you,as IPS members, to play a role in propagating and bring greaterfamiliarity to the concept of photonics by publishing comprehensivepapers, and so on. I also think IPS should play a role involunteering to publicly advocate the value of photonics servingin our daily lives. This kind of activity will promote therecognition of photonics and entrepreneurship in this technologyarea.IEEE TAB Meeting and Several TopicsThe IEEE TAB (Technical Activities Board) meeting is heldthree times a year. I attended the 2nd TAB meeting this yearheld in Boston in June. Active discussions on various topicswere held, as usual, such as on adjustments to proposed changesto FOI (Fields of Interest) of several Societies and the approvalof newly appointed IEEE officers. TAB takes full advantage ofIT technologies in its operations including by distributing andrapid updating of presentation materials through WiFi, andby using electronic voting system equipped with the abilityto immediately display results, in addition to off-line communicationsamong participants through the means of SMS. Onesignificant and heavy discussion was on the topic of open access(OA), or author-pays publications. All IEEE publicationsnow have an open-access option, i.e., a hybrid of author-payscontent and traditional subscriber-based content. This timethe TAB approved the creation of a rapid-publication, openaccess megajournal spanning all IEEE fields of interest. OurIPS already has Photonics Journal, the first open access journalin the IEEE, which now will become a full OA and promoterapid publication.It was also interesting for me during the June TAB gatheringto attend a meeting of Life Sciences Council, in which ourIPS is participating. Photonics Journal is one of the journals relatedto Life Sciences Council. Bio- and medical photonics arealso becoming important area in the LSC, e.g., several groupsaround the world have recently tested prototypes of artificialvision systems based on the principle of electrical activation ofthe retina. I hear such technologies have progressed much recently,and are becoming powerful and important means at theintersection of life sciences and engineering technology.On the occasion of the IEEE TAB June meeting in Boston,I also had a chance to attend the IEEE Honors Ceremony,which recognized innovations and accomplishments that havechanged the world or rendered meritorious service to humanityin IEEE’s designated FOI. Relating to our photonics technology,high performance solar cell technology was recognized.IEEE Global History Network: As you probably know,IEEE was founded on January 1, 1963, through the merger ofthe AIEE (founded 1884) and IRE (founded 1912). So 2012is IEEE’s 50th year, and we’re celebrating it modestly, focusingprimarily on honoring those members who have been withus continuously since the beginning. Please visit the IEEEGlobal History Network (GHN)’s website (www.ieeeghn.org).IPS is also celebrating our loyal members of 50 years in ourIPS Newsletter and website. In our technical area of photonics,this year we are celebrating 50 years of semiconductor lasers,which were first demonstrated in 1962. This year is also the40th anniversary of the single mode semiconductor laser, and asymposium celebrating it will be held in Japan on November6th at Tokyo Institute of Technology, sponsored by IEEE PhotonicsSociety Japan Chapter.A new joint Chapter, the IEEE Central Illinois Section Geoscience& Remote Sensing Society and Photonics Society, hasbeen formed, effective June 25, 2012. The addition of Solid-State Circuits Society to the IEEE South Africa Section ElectronDevices, Photonics, and Circuits & Systems Joint Societieshas also been approved.Prof. Chennupati Jagadish, serving IPS VP Finance & Administration,received the 2012 ECS Electronics and PhotonicsAward. By the time this column is published, our flagship IPCconference in Burlingame, CA, will be held, and several IPSawards will be presented to distinguished recipients.With warm wishes,Hideo KuwaharaFellowFujitsu Laboratories Ltd.October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 3

Research HighlightsSpace-Division Multiplexingfor Optical CommunicationsWilliam Shieh, An Li, Abdullah Al Amin, and Xi ChenDept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3010 AustraliaI. IntroductionSingle-mode fiber (SMF) has been the de facto medium forhigh-capacity data transmission for over three decades. However,the exponential growth of internet traffic at about 2dB per annum could exhaust the available capacity of SMFin the near future [1]. Consequently, there has been an intenseresearch effort in space-division multiplexing (SDM)based on multi-core fiber (MCF) [ 2–4] or multi-mode fiber(MMF) [ 5–7] to overcome the barrier from capacity limit ofSMF. Compared with the standard MMF that supports over ahundred modes making it extremely difficult to receive andprocess the optical signal, few-mode fiber (FMF) (supportinga small number of modes) has the potential to significantlyreduce the system complexity to a manageable level[8]. Namely, using FMF has the advantage of better modeselectivity and easier management of the mode impairments.By utilizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing(DSP) techniques, it is expected that N spatial modes in aFMF can support N times the capacity of a SMF. The feasibilityof using MDM and MIMO in FMF transmission hasrecently been demonstrated by several groups [5–7, 9–13].In these experiments, MDM is achieved in two-mode fiber(TMF, the simplest of FMFs) with different combinations ofsupported modes, e.g., LP 01 and LP 11 modes [5, 6, 9], twodegenerate LP 11 mo des (LP 11a + LP 11b ) [10], and even all threemodes (LP 01 + LP 11a + LP 11b ) [7, 11–13]. We also note thatthere has been exciting progress on SDM in MCF transmission[2–4], and free-space optical communications using orbitalangular momentum multiplexing [14]. In this report,we here focus on the SDM systems using FMF. In particular,we will elucidate the overall system architecture, criticalcomponents and sub-system modules for MDM transmission.II. SDM System ArchitectureThe architecture of N × N SDM transmission system is illustratedin Fig. 1. The signals are first generated by N transmitters.Mode multiplexing of the N signals is achieved using thespatial-mode multiplexer (S-MUX). The signals carried by differentspatial modes are then launched into the FMF. Duringthe transmission, all the modes on the same wavelengths are tobe processed as an entity as an SDM superchannel, namely, theyare amplified, dropped and added at the same time without individualmode processing. After transmission over FMF, the receivedsignals are then mode demultiplexed by a spatial-modedemultiplexer (S-DMUX). The demultiplexed signals are thendetected by N coherent receivers. The signals are then convertedfrom optical-to-electrical domain, electrically sampled withhigh speed ADCs, and finally processed using a DSP module.MIMO algorithm is used for compensating the mode couplingand/or crosstalk in the channel that may be introduced atS-MUX/DEMUX or inside the FMF. It is expected that if theMUX/DEDUX has a unitary transfer function with a rank ofN equal to the number of modes supported in a SDM fiber, thechannel capacity can be increased by a factor of N times that ofsingle mode syst em [15].Ch 1Co-RxCh 2.SpatialModeMUXSDM FiberSDMOADMSDM FiberSpatialModeDEMUXCo-Rx.N × NMIMODSPCh nDropAddCo-RxFigure 1. Architecture of an N # N SDM transmission system utilizing coherent MIMO digital signal processing. MUX/DEMUX:multiplexer/demultiplexer, Co-Rx: coherent receive r.4 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

III. Subsystem and Component Des ignA. Two-Mode Fiber Design and CharacterizationThe simplest method to make a TMF is to design a step-indexprofile with the V number (normalized frequency) above thesingle-mode condition (V 2 2.4) and also below the triplemodecondition (V 1 3.8). The TMF we design and fabricated[5] is a customized Ge-doped step-index fiber with a core diameterof 11.9 nm, nominal refractive index step (Δn) of 5.4 #10 –3 , LP 11 mode cutoff wavelength of 2323 nm and loss of0.26 dB/km. It has a normalized frequency of V = 3.62. Fig. 2shows the simulated modal index vs. wavelength profile basedon the parameters of the TMF we designed. The three imagesat the bottom of Fig. 2 are measured modal profiles for LP 01mode and two degenerate LP 11 modes.The DMD and loss parameter a can be further reduced in afuture optimized fabrication. A few other groups have also developedFMF with improved performances [6–7]. Very recentlya novel TMF fiber is designed with low-DMD, low-modecoupling and low-loss TMF using a graded-index core anddouble cladding structure [ 16] as shown in Fig. 3. The gradedindexcore design helps reducing the DMD, and the trenchedcladding structure facilitate low loss for LP 11 modes. The DMDbetween LP 01 and LP 11 is measured as small as 0.076 ps/m, andloss for both LP 01 and LP 11 is lower than 0.2 dB/km.B. Long-period Fiber Grating(LPFG)-based Mode ConverterThe main purpose of a mode converter (MC) is to convert opticalsignals from LP 01 to higher order mode (e.g., LP 11 mode)and vice versa. In a LPFG-based MC, mode conversion can befeasibly realized through a periodic grating structure inducedby for example, mechanical pressure on a TMF. In a TMF,where literally only two mode (LP 01 and LP 11 ) are supported,the resonant coupling happens when the grating pitch K equalsto the beating length L B = 2r/(b 01 – b 11 ), where b 01 /b 11 is thepropagation constant of the LP 01 /LP 11 modes.Fig. 4 shows the physical design of our LPFG based MC.The TMF used in MC is same as the transmission fiber (seeSec tion A) with mode beat length L B of 524 nm. The couplingefficiency is known to be depending on the coupling lengthand radius of core deformation. Due to unavailability of suchmetal gratings with high precision grooves, we use commerciallyavailable metal gratings with low accuracy groove spacing(roughly ~0.5 mm) and tune grating pitch by adjusting the fiberangle. Two MCs with nominal 50% (MC1) and 100% (MC2)conversion ratio are made in [5]. The performance of MC2 isreasonable with 17 and 22 dB modal extinction ratio (ER) forLP 11 mode for the worst and best polarizations, respectively (at1550 nm). The modal extinction ratio (ER) is defined as theratio between the power in LP 11 mode and the power in LP 01mode. The insertion loss is around 2~3 dB (LP 01 + LP 11 ). In [10]we have fabricated another 4 mode converters, all with nominal100% conversion ratio. Measurement results in [10] confirmsthat for all MCs (MC1-MC4), the ERs of LP 11 mode can bemaintained beyond 20 dB with small polarization dependenceand low insertion losses of 1.5~2.5 dB for a 13-nm wavelengthrange centered at 1551 nm. Theoretically the LPFG-basedEffective Index n eff1.4801.4701.4601.4501.440CoreLP 01 LPLP 0111CladdingLP 110 5.95 54.5Radius (μm)LP 11a LP 11b LP 01RefractiveIndex n1.430Cut-off1.4201.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0Wavelength (μm)Figure 2. Effective modal indices for the LP 01 and LP 11 modes ofthe custom-designed TMF. The inset at the top right shows thestep-index profile of the TMF.Refractive IndexLP 01LP 11RadiusFigure 3. Refractive index profile of the OFS-designed lowDMD, low mode coupling and low loss two-mode fiber [16].MC can also achieve mode conversion between LP 11a and LP 11bmodes if the effective refraction indices of the two degenerateLP 11 modes are well separated. A possible solution is to use anelliptical-core TMF (e-TMF) as described in [17].C. Fr ee-s pace Mode MUX/DEMUXThe S-MUX/DMUX performs the critical function of modemultiplexing and de-multiplexing. Fig. 5 shows a recentlydemonstrated low-loss mode multiplexer achieved by illuminatingthe end facet of the TMF at three appropriately-placedspots from SMF [13]. Each spot generally excites multiplemodes. As long as the three spots are symmetrically placedaround the center and the amount of power coupled from aTMFLP 01LP 01LP 11LP 11PressureMetallicGratingFigure 4. Schematic diagram of a LPFG based LP 01/LP 11 modeconverter.October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 5

SMFPort 1M2SMFPort 0PeriscopeM4M3Side ViewM1SharpEdgeM3M2SharpEdgeSMFPort 2M1f 1f 2LensesFMF(a) Spot Generation (b) SMUX (c) Mode Profile (154 km)Figure 5. (a) Spot generation using mirrors with sharp edges. (b) Experimental setup of the low-loss mode coupler. (c) Mode profileat the end facet of 154-km hybrid FMF [13].AddInθ = 5°CollimatorThin-Film Filter 1TiltStageThin-Film Filter 2DropCollimatorThroughFigure 6. Schematic diagram of a two-mode OADM.single spot into LP 01 and the alternative LP 11a + LP 11b is exactlythe same, the coupling matrix between the three spots and theFMF modes is unitary, which guarantees no capacity loss afterMIMO digital signal processing. In practice, insertion lossesof 3.95, 3.85, and 3.7 dB for the 3 ports of the S-MUX arereported [13]. Such a mode multiplexer can be scaled up tosupport more modes by using larger number of appropriatelyplacedspots, but coupling from each spot to each mode needsto be meticulously engineered to guarantee that the couplingmatrix is still unitary and has low mode dependent loss (MDL).D. Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer DesignIn future long-haul FMF transmission systems, similar to thetrends in single mode fiber (SMF)-based optical networks,the capacity scaling will be achieved by wavelength divisionmultiplexing (WDM). In such systems, reconfigurable opticaladd-drop multiplexers (ROADM) that support all propagationmodes will be a key element for realizing flexible networking.As a first step towards such ROADMs, we have recentlyproposed a few-mode compatible optical add/drop multiplexer(OADM) and demonstrated add/drop functionality with MDMtransmission [19]. The architecture of the FMF compatibleOADM can be similar to their SMF counterparts, consideringλ sSignalMMF inDichroicMirrorMMFEDFAModuleMMF outAttenuatorLP 01LP 11aPumpSourceλ pLP 11bModeCombinerLP mnCollimating LensFigure 7. Schematic diagram of a MM-EDFA [22].6 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

the fact that mode dependence of beam divergence angle in aFMF to be small, which ensures a practical implementationof OADM using free-space components. Such OADMs canbe miniaturized and the number of input/output ports canbe scaled up by using well-established technologies such asMEMS and LCOS [18]. In our recent work [19], we designand build a two-mode compatible free-space OADM using collimatorsand a pair of thin-film filter (TFFs).Fig. 6 shows the OADM architecture. The TFFs act as aband-pass filter in transmission mode and as a notch-filter inthe reflection mode. We use double reflection in order to sufficientlysuppress the drop channel in output, which would otherwiseserve as in-band crosstalk for the add channel. We tilt theTFFs by 5° in order to achieve lateral separation of the in/addand drop/through ports in the double reflection configuration.The 5° tilt launch also prevents any parasitic reflection fromthe drop or add ports from accumulating multiple reflections.E. Few-Mode Amplifier DesignFew-mode amplifier is another critical component whenthe accumulated power loss is significant, e.g., in long-haulmulti-span FMF transmission. Currently there are two reportedmethods to achieve few-mode amplification, multimodeerbium-doped fiber amplifier (MM-EDFA) and multi-modeRaman amplifier [20–24] . The setup of a possible inline MM-EDFA is depicted in Fig. 7In order to generate the desired pump intensity profile, thepump source is first split into N paths, and are converted to anumber of high-order modes using LPFG-based MCs proposedin section III.B or phase plate based MCs proposed in [6] or [7].The variable attenuators on each path control the power distributionof pump on modes, and minimize the mode-dependantgain (MDG) of the MM-EDFA. The pump modes are then collimated,spatially combined with the signal using free-space modecombiner similar to the one we proposed in section C with an additionaldichroic mirror, which are then focused into a FMF andinjected into the erbium-doped MMF. Following this concept,recently a reconfigurable multimode pump has been proposed toexcite a MM-EDFA so that by varying the mode content of thepump the MDG can be controlled [22]. The main idea of thisreconfigurable multimode pump configuration is by adjustingrelative amount of LP 01,p and LP 21,p , the gains of the LP 01,s andLP 11,s signal modes can be equalized, where subscripts ‘s’ and ‘p’denote for s- and p- polarization states.IV. Com parison of SDM TechniquesA comparison of SDM techniques is summarized in Table 1based on devices and techniques currently available. We cansee that, despite of its disadvantages like high complexity dueto the MIMO algorithm, SDM technique based on FMF hasmany advantages such as reduced number of devices (amplifier,ROADM), and most importantly, the N times channel capacitythat can enable future Terabit and beyond optical networks.V. ConclusionWe have highlighted the overall system architecture, criticalcomponents, and sub-system modules for realizing SDMtransmission over novel FMF. SMF has been entrenched inParameterFiber LossEffective CoreAreaIntra-ModeNonlinearityInter-ModeNonlinearityMode Coupling/CrosstalkBundledFiber (BF)StandardStandardStandardNoNoMulti-corefiber (MCF)Can be aslow as SMFSmall orstandardStandard orhighLowMediumNo. of Amplifiers N N 1No. of ROADMs N N 1Fusion SplicingDSP ComplexityEasy, low lossLowSpecialsplicer,possibly highlossLow tomediumCost N # SMF Can be lowApplicationInterconnect,Long reachInterconnect,Long reachTable 1. Comparison of different SDM approachesMulti-modefiber (MMF)Can be aslow as SMFLargeLowLow tomediumLow to high,can beoptimizedEasy, lowlossMedium tohigh, MIMOneededAs low as1 # SMFLong reachthe high-capacity optical networks in the last three decades.In the search for higher information capacity, the researchcommunity is making great progress in the exploration ofemerging fiber technologies based on both MCF and MMF.Many challenges from component to system level are to beovercome before these novel fibers can be eventually deployedin the field. Ultimately whether MCF or MMF can replaceconventional SMF will be determined by whether they cansignificantly bring down the overall cost of future highcapacityoptical networks.References1. R. W. Tkach, “Scaling Optical Communications for theNext Decade and Beyond,” Bell Labs Technical Journal,vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3–9, 2010.2. T. Hayashi, T. Taru, O. Shimakawa, T. Sasaki, and E.Sasaoka, “Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Multi-Core Fiber Feasibleto Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (OpticalSociety of America, 2011), paper PDPC2, (2011).3. J. Sakaguchi, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi,T. Hayashi, T. Taru, T. Kobayashi, and M. Watanabe,“109-Tb/s (7#97#172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSKtransmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-corefiber,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA TechnicalDigest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paperPDPB6.4. J. Sakaguchi, B.J. Puttnam, W. Klaus, Y. Awaji, N.Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi, K. Imamura, H. Inaba,K. Mukasa, R. Sugizaki, T. Kobayashi, M. Watanabe,“19-core fiber transmission of 19#100#172-Gb/sOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 7

SDM-WDM-PDM-QPSK signals at 305Tb/s,” in OpticalFiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paperPDP5C.2, (2012).5. A. Li, A. Al Amin, X. Chen, and W. Shieh, “Reception ofMode and Polarization Multiplexed 107-Gb/s CO-OFDMSignal over a Two-Mode Fiber,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (OpticalSociety of America, 2012), paper PDPB8.6. M. Salsi, C. Koebele, D. Sperti, P. Tran, P. Brindel, H.Mardoyan, S. Bigo, A. Boutin, F. Verluise, P. Sillard,M. Bigot-Astruc, L. Provost, F. Cerou, and G. Charlet,“Transmission at 2#100Gb/s, over Two Modes of 40kmlongPrototype Few-Mode Fiber, using LCOS based ModeMultiplexer and Demultiplexer,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (OpticalSociety of America, 2011), paper PDPB9.7. R. Ryf, S. Randel, A. H. Gnauck, C. Bolle, R. Essiambre,P. Winzer, D. W. Peckham, A. McCurdy, and R. 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Lingle,“Space-division multiplexing and all-optical MIMOdemultiplexing using a photonic integrated circuit,”in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA TechnicalDigest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paperPDP5B.1.12. S. Randel, R. Ryf, A. Gnauck, M.A. Mestre, C. Schmidt,R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A.Sureka, Y. Sun, X. Jiang, and R. Lingle, “Mode-multiplexed6#20-GBd QPSK Transmission over 1200-kmDGD-Compensated Few-Mode Fiber,” in Optical FiberCommunication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD)(Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5C.5.13. R. Ryf, M.A. Mestre, A. Gnauck, S. Randel, C. Schmidt,R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A.Sureka, Y. Sun, X. Liang, D. Peckham, A.H. McCurdy,and R. Lingle, “Low-Loss Mode Coupler for Mode-Multiplexedtransmission in Few-Mode Fiber,” in Optical FiberCommunication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD)(Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5B.5.14. J. Wang, J.Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. 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Ye, A. Al Amin, and W. Shieh, “Receptionof Dual-LP11-Mode CO-OFDM Signals through FewmodeCompatible Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer,” in OpticalFiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5B.4.20. Y. Yung, S. Alam, Z. Li, A. Dhar, D. Giles, I. Giles, J.Sahu, L. Grüner-Nielsen, F. Poletti, and D. Richardson,“First demonstration of multimode amplifier for spatialdivision multiplexed transmission systems,” in 37th EuropeanConference and Exposition on Optical Communications,OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America,2011), paper Th.13.K.4.21. E. Ip, N. Bai, Y. Huang, E. Mateo, F. Yaman, S. Bickham,H. Tam, C. Lu, M. Li, S. Ten, A. P. T. Lau, V. Tse, G.Peng, C. Montero, X. Prieto, and G. 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Research HighlightsDigital Signal Processing for Light Emitting DiodeBased Visible Light CommunicationC. W. Chow 1 , C. H. Yeh 2 , Y. Liu 3 , and Y. F. Liu 1Abstract—The realization of enhanced efficiency light emittingdiodes (LED) and the trend to lower costs of LED lightingsystems will facilitate their wider deployment in manyapplications. LED lighting system with the value-addedfunctionality of optical wireless communication enables thedeployment of a communication system with very little extracost. Visible light communication (VLC) provides the meritsof secure information exchange, harmlessness to humanbody, and excellent applicability in some radio-frequency(RF) restricted areas. In this work, we review some recentadvances in VLC. We discuss the challenges faced by the VLCand some possible solutions. We discuss and show that usingdigital signal processing (DSP) can significantly enhance theVLC performance.I. IntroductionThe combination of power efficiency improvements and costreduction in light emitting diodes (LEDs) has expanded thedeployment of LED to a variety of applications, such as trafficlight, automobile lights, display backlights and as well bothin-door and out-door general lighting. LED has the advantagesof high power efficiency, rigid, compact size, long lifetime,and easy integration in different products. In the near future,LED will gradually replace traditional incandescent and fluorescentlamps for general lighting applications. When comparedwith the traditional incandescent light, LED consumesless than half the energy at the same lumens output. Recently,the power efficiency of LED has surpassed that of fluorescentlamps, making it one of the most energy efficient lightingsources in the market. The major LED suppliers (Cree, Nichia,Osram, Lumileds, etc…) are competing to improve their LEDoutput performances. For example, Cree reported achieving apower efficacy of 254 lm/W under standard room temperaturetesting at 350 mA in April 2012 [1]. Besides, LED is generallyregarded as an eco-light source. It can reduce the emissionof global warming gases since less electricity is consumed. Itis estimated an installation of more than 20,000 street lightsin Chongqing, China, can produce annual cost savings inmaintenance and electricity of more than USD 3 million and17.6 million kWh [2].LED has unique characteristics which make possible newapplications not possible with other kinds of light sources. TheLED can be modulated at higher speeds (~MHz) than the traditionallighting sources, such as fluorescent lamps. Hence, itis possible to use the LED lighting for visible light communication(VLC) for in-building optical wireless networks. VLCtransmission power comes effectively free as it is already usedfor illumination. The development of LED-based VLC solutionis thus very attractive.VLC can provide many transmission advantages. Beingan optical wireless technology, VLC can provide a cable freeenvironment. Fig. 1 shows the wireless smart home, wherethe triple-play services (TV, phone, Internet) can be providedusing VLC. It can be a secure link between mobile devices,since the light beam is visible, users can securely limit the coverageof data broadcast by controlling the area of illumination,unlike WiFi signals which may leak out to adjacent rooms orbuildings. In addition as the optical power does not penetratethrough walls, there is no interference with users in otherrooms. VLC is the only solution for wireless network in someareas where radio frequency (RF) communication is prohibited.It can be used in hospital or in an aircraft for example withoutproducing electromagnetic interference.The paper is organized as follow. In Section II, we will brieflymention some recent developments in VLC from around theworld. In Section III, we will discuss the challenges faced bythe VLC. Then in Section IV, we will discuss our recent workon the use of digital signal processing (DSP) to enhance VLCperformance. Finally, a conclusion will be provided in Section V.II. Worldwide VLC ActivitiesSince more and more LEDs are deployed to perform the primaryfunction of lighting, the value-added communication functioncan be realized at very little extra cost. Recently, VLC is arapidly growing research topic. The Japan-based Visible LightCommunication Consortium (VLCC) [3] was formed in 2002 toVLC to PhoneVLC to TVVLC to PC(Internet)1Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering,National Chiao Tung University, (Taiwan)2Information and Communications Research Laboratories, IndustrialTechnology Research Institute (ITRI), (Taiwan)3Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC), (Hong Kong)Figure 1. VLC can provide a cable free environment.October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 9

publicize VLC. In the United States, the Center for UbiquitousCommunication by Light (UC-Light) funded by the Universityof California (UC) system has been established [4]. It is to enablewireless communications by embedding signals into thelight emitted by next-generation LED in systems for illumination,traffic control, advertising, and other purposes. Besides,the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center [5] has beenestablished to develop new technologies of optical wirelessaccess to the internet with energy savings. In Europe, the OME-GA Project [6] funded by the European Commission under theSeventh Research Framework Programme (FP7) has been startedin 2008. Its aim is to develop a home area network capable ofdelivering high-bandwidth services and content at a transmissionspeed of one Gigabit per second. It consists of 20 Europeanpartners from industry and academia. An IEEE standard (IEEE802.15.7—Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication UsingVisible Light) has been finalized in 2011 [7], enhancing theprospects for commercializing the VLC technology. It coversboth the physical layer (PHY) air interface and the mediumaccesscontrol (MAC). The MAC layer supports three multipleaccess topologies; peer-to-peer, star configuration and broadcastmode, while the PHY layer is divided into three types: PHY I(designed for outdoor, data rates: 11.67–266.6 kb/s), PHY II(designed for indoor, data rates: 1.25–96 Mb/s) and PHY III(designed for applications where RGB source and receiver (Rx)are used, data rates: 12–96 Mb/s).Amplitude Response (dB)10–1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9–10–11–12–13–1410 3 10 4 10 5Frequency (Hz)10 61.281MHzMHzFigure 2. Measured frequency response of a commercially availablephosphor-based LED.V iR(a)CV oV iR 1C R 2Figure 3. Circuit models, (a) the VLC channel modeled as a lowpasscircuit and (b) the proposed equalizer modeled as a firstorderhigh-pass circuit.(b)V oIII. Challenges of VLCA. Data RateThere are two major types of device structures for white LEDfor use in general lighting. The first type consists of a blueLED chip with a phosphor layer coated on top of it. Whenelectric current is applied to the LED chip, blue light is emittedand part of it is absorbed by the phosphor to generate secondcolor—yellow light. The combination of blue and yellowlights results in white light. The other type of LED is fabricatedby mixing light from the three primary colored chips(RGB). Three chips emit each color simultaneously and at theoutput white light is produced. The phosphor white LED hasthe advantage of low cost. However, the nature of phosphorlight conversion makes it unsuitable for high speed directmodulation because the response time of phosphor is muchlower than the LED chip, and the direct modulation speed isusually limited to a few MHz. This disadvantage has motivatedsome research to improve the direct modulation speed ofthe white LED.One of the approaches to improve the direct modulationspeed is to use a blue optical filter at the Rx to remove theslow response yellow light. However, this introduces a powerpenalty as energy in the visible optical spectrum except the blueare blocked and hence limits the VLC transmission distances.Pre-equalization and/or post-equalization of the LED canbe used. 40 Mb/s and 80 Mb/s pre-equalized on-off-keying(OOK) transmissions without and with using optical bluefilter; and 100 Mb/s post-equalized OOK have been reportedin ref. [8], [9] and [10] respectively. By optimizing theelectronic circuitry, a VLC link at 125 Mb/s at bit-error rate(BER) below 2 × 10 -3 can be achieved [11]. Instead of usingPIN Rx, avalanched photodiode (APD) can enhance the datarate to 230 Mb/s [12].Another approach to increase the modulation data rate is toemploy advanced modulation formats. Orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) (a form of discrete multi-tone(DMT)) can be used to improve the spectral efficiency [13].By implementing the bit and power loading techniques of thesubcarriers of the OFDM signal, 231 Mb/s (using PIN Rx)and 513 Mb/s (using APD) can be achieved in ref. [14] and[15] respectively. 803 Mb/s data rate VLC transmission hasbeen demonstrated using RGB LEDs, which enable the use ofwavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to carry differentdata in different color LEDs [16]. Besides using WDM,parallel data transmission in multiple LEDs using multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) techniques can also increase the datarate of the VLC link [17].B. Duplex TransmissionVLC is a broadcast communication, and providing an upstreamcommunication channel is challenging. Several approacheshave been considered, such as using the infra-red (IR) or flashlightLED in the portable device for the upstream communication.A retro-reflector can be used to modulate the incidentlight generating the upstream signal [18]. The use of radiofrequency(RF) to provide an upstream channel has also beenconsidered. At present there is no concrete conclusion as to10 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

which solution is the best, and further work is required to developpotential techniques and compare alternatives.C. Dimming ControlAnother challenge in VLC is how to communicate when thelights are “off”. If the lights are usually “on”, VLC transmissionpower comes free as it is already used for the illumination.However during daytime, people tend to switch off the roomlights. In order to maintain the communication link, the LEDshould be “on”. In this case, similar to RF wireless communications,the power consumed for the data transmission is not free.One technique that may be used is to reduce the LED brightnessto a level low enough so that people will accept that thelight is “off” [19].IV. Digital Signal Processing for the VLCWhite-light VLC system using phosphor-based LED is costeffectivewhen compared with the RGB white-light LED; howeverthe slow response of the phosphor limits the direct modulationspeed. Fig. 2 shows frequency response of a commerciallyavailable phosphor-based LED for lighting (Cree, XLamp XR-ELED), showing a 3-dB bandwidth is 1.28 MHz. Hence thetransmission data rate will be limited to about 1 Mb/s if theequalization scheme or advanced modulation is not used.First of all, we discuss using a simple digital post-equalizationfinite impulse response (FIR) equalizer to enhance the directmodulation bandwidth. No optical blue filter is used. The experimentalresult shows about 10 times enhancement of the directmodulation speed of white-light LED VLC system. Whencompared with the previous demonstration using high-passequalization circuit constructed by lumped capacitor and resistor[20], this scheme shows an improvement in signal qualityand transmission distance, and a 10 Mb/s error-free (BER 1 10 -9 )transmission over a distance of 1 m was demonstrated.A simulation using the simple FIR equalizer to correct theVLC channel effect was performed. The electrical-to-opticalto-electrical(E-O-E) channel of the VLC system can be modeledas a first-order RC low-pass circuit as shown in Fig. 3(a).The corresponding impulse response (time domain) of an analoguelow-pass RC system can be written as:H () t (t1 = exp - )(1)RCThen the designed equalizer can be modeled as a first-orderhigh-pass circuit to compensate the channel response as shownin Fig. 3(b). The transfer function (in frequency domain) of thisequalizer can be written as follow:H ( )R22 ~ =(2)R1R2j~CR1+ 1+In Eq. (1), the 1/RC is set to 1.28 MHz, which is the measured3-dB bandwidth of the system (as shown in Fig. 2). Eq. (2)was used to model the equalizer, and suitable parameters areselected to compensate the EOE response of the VLC system.Experiments on VLC have been performed as shown inFig. 4(a), with a photograph of the experimental setup asshown in Fig. 4(b). A 10 Mb/s, pseudorandom binary sequence(PRBS) 2 10 -1 data was applied to a single phosphor-based LED(Cree, XLamp XR-E LED via an arbitrary waveform generator(AWG). The bandwidth and the resolution of the AWGwere 20 MHz and 14-bits respectively. The sampling rate is50 MSa/s. The LED was DC-biased at 2V with peak-to-peaksignal modulation voltage from 0.1 to 0.5 V. A lens was usedto enhance directivity, and the free-space transmission distanceis 1 m. The visible signal is detected by a silicon-based PINRx, amplified, and finally captured by a real-time oscilloscope(RTO). The PIN Rx has the detection wavelength range of350−1100 nm with responsivity of 0.65 A/W and active area of13 mm 2 . It had a bandwidth of 17 MHz and the root meansquare (rms) noise of 530 nV. The bandwidth of the RTO is100 MHz, with vertical resolution of 9-bit and sample rate of1.25 GSa/s. The data is analyzed using 1700 bits.ArbitraryWaveformGeneratorRTOTx (LED)LEDLensAWG(a)(b)PIN RxModuleReal TimeOscilloscopeComputerPIN RxFigure 4. (a) VLC experimental setup and (b) photograph of theexperiment.Log (BER)–3–4–5(a)–6–7(b)–8–9–100 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V)Figure 5. BER measured of the VLC system using the FIR equalizer.Insets: eye-diagram (a) without the digital FIR equalizerand (b) with the digital FIR equalizer.October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 11

Coefficients ofInitial Setting3.5BinarySequence4-ASKMappingUp-SamplingAdaptively-Controlled FIR Equalizer–2.51111Estimation ofZero ForcingEqualizerTx01000100Error AnalysisVLCChannel1010SRRC FilterRxFigure 6. The DPS flow diagram for the 4-ASK modulation.Log (BER)–3–4–5(a)–6–7–8–9–10(b)–11–120 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V)Figure 7. BER measured of the 4-ASK VLC system. Insets: eyediagram(a) without and (b) with using the proposed scheme.BER measurements were performed by using the measuredQ factors of the different eye-diagrams obtained at differentAC peak-to-peak signal voltages. For example the measuredeye at 10 Mb/s is shown in Fig. 5. Inset of Fig. 5(a) showsthe measured eye-diagram without using the proposed FIRequalizer. The eye is completely closed due to the inter-symbolinterference (ISI) generated by the limited modulation bandwidthof the LED. The BER cannot be analyzed in this case.Inset of Fig. 5(b) shows the FIR equalized eye-diagram, witha significantly improved eye opening. When the peak-to-peakdriving voltage is F0.5 V, an error-free BER 1 10 –9 can beachieved. When compared with our previous demonstrationusing high-pass equalization circuit constructed by lumpedcapacitor and resistor [20], the proposed DSP scheme showsan improvement in transmission distance (from 10 cm to1 m) and in signal quality (at BER of 10 –9 , peak-to-peak drivingvoltage is reduced from 1 V to 0.5 V), since the digitalFIR equalizer allows a more precise and flexible control of theequalizer parameters.Then, we further enhance the VLC data rate by usingquaternary-amplitude-shift-keying (4-ASK) modulation and)digital filtering [21]. A 20 times enhancement of the directmodulation speed of white-light LED VLC system is demonstratedby using digital filter only and without using opticalblue filter. A digital filter and square root raised cosine (SRRC)filter are used for signal equalization. Error-free transmissionover a distance of 1 m was demonstrated.Fig. 6 shows the signal flow of 4-ASK modulation generationusing DSP. First, the binary sequence is mapped to 4-ASKsymbol which contains 4 different amplitude levels to represent2 bit/symbol. The up-sampling increases the sampling rate byinserting zeros between the original sample points. The digitalFIR equalizer creates a frequency domain compensation for thesystem channel response. The Tx, VLC channel and the Rx arethe same as discussed in previous experiment. A SRRC filter(roll of factor 0.25) is used after Rx. The adaptation processof adaptively-controlled FIR equalizer is to transmit a knownseries of training symbols, and the received pattern is analyzed.The result is used for adjusting the FIR equalizer coefficientsin the next transmission. The estimation is based on FFT (FastFourier transform) to estimate the zero forcing equalizer (ZFE)which is the updated FIR coefficients to invert the channelresponse. The FIR filter has 13-taps denoted as h[t], withthe initial setting of h[0] = 3.5, h[1] = 3.5, h[2] = –2.5,h[3] = –2.5, and otherwise h is zero. After 10 iterations, thefilter coefficients converged to fixed numbers and the system isstabilized (condition of matched filtering). The optical 4-ASKsymbol is shaped with the filter response of FIR equalizer andthe transfer function of the physical electrical-optical-electrical(E-O-E) channel. The SRRC filter at the Rx then enhances theSNR of the received signal. The mathematical expression forSRRC filters are described in [22].BER measurements were performed by using the measuredQ factors of the eye-diagrams at different AC peak-to-peaksignal voltages, with the measured 20 Mb/s eye-diagrams asshown in Fig. 7. Inset of Fig. 7(a) shows the measured eyediagramwithout using the proposed scheme. The eye is completelyclosed since the ISI and BER cannot be analyzed inthis case. A clear and wide open 4-ASK eye-diagram can beobtained by using the proposed scheme, as shown in Fig. 7(b).12 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

When the peak-to-peak driving voltage is F1 V, an error-freeBER 1 10 –9 can be achieved.V. ConclusionIn summary we highlighted some of the VLC activities fromaround the world. We also discussed the advantages and challengesof the VLC system, together with some possible solutions.Using DSP could be a good choice to enhance the VLCperformance. We proposed and demonstrated using a simpledigital post-equalization FIR equalizer to improve the bandwidthlimitation of LED VLC channel. No optical blue filterwas used. The experimental results showed a10 timesenhancement of the direct modulation speed of VLC systemusing OOK modulation format. We also proposed andexperimentally demonstrated the 4-ASK modulation withFIR digital equalizer to further enhance the direct modulationspeed of white-light LED VLC system to 20 times.AcknowledgmentsThis work was financially supported by the National ScienceCouncil, Taiwan, R.O.C., under Contract NSC-101-2628-E-009-007-MY3, NSC-100-2221-E-009-088-MY3 and ITRIindustrial-academic project. We would like to thank Prof.Hon Tsang of the Department of Electronic Engineering, TheChinese University of Hong Kong for useful discussion.References1. M. Wright, “Cree announces new EasyWhite LED andR&D efficacy high,” LEDs Mag., April, 20122. http://www.cree.com/news-and-events/cree-news/pressreleases/2012/june/beibei-district3. Visible Light Communications Consortium, www.vlcc.net4. Center for Ubiquitous Communication by Light, http://www.uclight.ucr.edu/5. Smart Lighting ERC, www.smartlighting.rpi.edu6. OMEGA project, http://www.ict-omega.eu7. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Part15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical CommunicationUsing Visible Light, IEEE Std 802.15.7-2011, pp. 1–309, 20118. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D.Jung, and Y. Oh, “High-speed visible light communicationsusing multiple-resonant equalization,” IEEE Photon.Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1243–1245, 20089. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee,D. Jung, and Y. Oh, “80 Mbit/s visible light communicationsusing pre-equalized white LED,” in Proc. ECOC,2008, Paper P.6.0910. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D.Jung, and Y. Oh, “100-Mb/s NRZ visible light communicationsusing a post-equalized white LED,” IEEE Photon.Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1063–1065, 200911. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner,K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Walewski, “125 Mbit/s over 5 mwireless distance by use of OOK-modulated phosphorescentwhite LEDs,” in Proc. ECOC, 2009. Paper 9.6.412. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner,K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Walewski, “230 Mbit/s via a wirelessvisible-light link based on OOK modulation of phosphorescentwhite LEDs,” in Proc. OFC, 2010, Paper OThH313. J. Grubor, K.-D. Langer, S. C. J. Lee, T. Koonen, and J. W.Walewski, “Wireless high-speed data transmission withphosphorescent white-light LEDs,” in Proc. ECOC, 2007,Paper PDS 3.614. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, A. Buttner, K.-D. Langer,and J. W. Walewski, “White light wireless transmissionat 200+ Mb/s net data rate by use of discrete-multitonemodulation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp.1511–1513, 200915. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K.-D. Langer, and J. W.Walewski, “513 Mbit/s visible light communications linkbased on DMT modulation of a white LED,” J. LightwaveTechnol., vol. 28, pp. 3512–3518, 201016. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, K. Habel, and K.-D. Langer, “803Mbit/s visible light WDM link based on DMT modulationof a single RGB LED luminary,” in Proc. OFC, 2011.Paper OWB617. L. B. Zeng, D. C. O’Brien, H. Le Minh, G. E. Faulkner,K. Lee, D. Jung, Y. Oh, and E. T. Won, “High data ratemultiple input multiple output (MJMO) optical wirelesscommunications using white LED lighting,” IEEE J. SelectedAreas in Comm., vol. 27, pp. 1654–1662, 200918. T. Komine, S. Haruyama, and M. Nakagawa, “Bidirectionalvisible-light communication using comer cube modulator,”IEIC Technical Report, vol. 102, pp. 41–46, 200319. T. Borogovac, M. B. Rahaim, M. Tuganbayeva, and T.D.C. Little, “ ‘Lights-off’ visible light communications,”in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Optical Wireless Comm. (OWC),2010, Paper 620. Y. F. Liu, C. Y. Chang, C. W. Chow, and C. H. Yeh,“Equalization and pre-distorted schemes for increasingdata rate in in-door visible light communication system,”in Proc. OFC, 2011, Paper JWA08321. C. H. Yeh, Y. F. Liu, C. W. Chow, Y. Liu, P. Y. Huang, andH. K. Tsang, “Investigation of 4-ASK modulation withdigital filtering to increase 20 times of direct modulationspeed of white-light LED visible light communicationsystem,” Optics Express, vol. 20, pp. 16218–16223, 201222. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications,(McGraw-Hill, 2007), Chap. 9October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 13

NewsCall for NominationsIEEE Photonics Society 2013 DistinguishedLecturer AwardsNominations for the Distinguished Lecturer Awardsare now being solicited for submission to the PhotonicsSociety Executive Office. The deadline for nominations is16 February.The nomination form, award information and a list ofprevious Distinguished Lecturers are available on the PhotonicsSociety web site:http://www.photonicssociety.org/award-infohttp://www.photonicssociety.org/award-winnersThe Distinguished Lecturer Awards are presented tohonor excellent speakers who have made technical, industrialor entrepreneurial contributions of high quality to thefield of lasers and electro-optics, and to enhance the technicalprograms of the Photonics Society chapters. Considerationis given to having a well-balanced variety of speakerswho can address a wide range of topics of current interest inthe fields covered by the Society. The term for the Lecturersis July 1 of the year of election until 30 June or the followingyear. Candidates need not be members of the IEEE orthe Photonics Society.Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics AwardThe IEEE Photonics Award is presented for outstandingachievements in photonics. The recipient of the award receivesa bronze medal, certificate, and cash honorarium. The nominationdeadline is 31 January 2013.For nomination forms, visit the IEEE Awards Web Site, http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/tfas_photonics.html , or contact IEEEAwards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 08855-1331; tel: +1 732 562 3844; email: awards@ieee.org.I E E E P H O T O N I C STechnology LettersWhy Publish in IEEE PTL? Easy-to-Use Authors’ Tools Contact us:ptlstaff@ieee.orgNew issue published every 2 weeksRapid online posting within two weeksof acceptancePlus: ®About IEEE Xplore ® : IEEE PTL welcomes original advances related to state-ofthe-artcapabilities in the theory, design, fabrication, application,performance, packaging and reliability of: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ptl-ieee14 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

News (cont’d)Nominations for IEEE AwardsThe IEEE Awards Program provides peer recognition toindividuals whose contributions to the art and science ofelectro- and information technologies worldwide have improvedthe quality of life.IEEE Photonics Society members may be particularlyinterested in the following 2014 Technical Field Awards,whose nomination deadlines are 31 January 2013.IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contributionsto nanotechnology and miniaturization in the electronicsarts.IEEE Electromagnetics Award for outstanding contributionsto electromagnetics in theory, application oreducation.IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage SystemsAward for outstanding contributions to informationstorage systems, with emphasis on computer storagesystems.IEEE Photonics Award for outstanding achievement(s) inphotonics.IEEE David Sarnoff Award for exceptional contributionsto electronics.IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contributionsto communications technology.IEEE Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accomplishmentsin the management of research and developmentresulting in effective innovation in the electrical andelectronics industry.IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technologiesfor outstanding contributions to emerging technologiesrecognized within recent years.The IEEE Awards Board administers IEEE-level awardson behalf of the IEEE Board of Directors. These consistof IEEE Medals, IEEE Technical Field Awards and IEEERecognitions.Nominations are initiated by members and the public,and then reviewed by a panel of peers. Their recommendationsare submitted to the IEEE Awards Board prior tofinal approval by the IEEE Board of Directors.For nomination guidelines and forms, visit http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/information.html. Questions? ContactIEEE Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway,NJ 08854 USA; tel.: +1 732 562 3844; fax: +1 732 9819019; e-mail: awards@ieee.org.Complete List of IEEE TechnicalField AwardsIEEE Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contributionsto nanotechnology and miniaturization in the electronicsarts• Award consists of a certificate and honorariumIEEE Biomedical Engineering Award for outstandingcontributions to the field of biomedical engineering• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Component Packaging Manufacturing TechnologyAward for meritorious contributions to, the advancementof components, electronic packaging or manufacturingtechnologies.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Control Systems Award for outstanding contributionsto control systems engineering, science, or technology.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Electromagnetics Award for outstanding contributionsto electromagnetics in theory, application oreducation.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio ProcessingAward for outstanding contribution to the advancement ofspeech and/or audio signal processing.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contributionsto solid-state devices and technology.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Herman Halperin Electric Transmission andDistribution Award for outstanding contributions toelectric transmission and distribution.• Award consists of a certificate and honorariumOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 15

News (cont’d)IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award foroutstanding contributions in the field of consumer electronicstechnology.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Internet Award for network architecture, mobilityand/or end-use applications.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage SystemsAward for outstanding contributions to informationstorage systems, with emphasis on computer storage systems.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate andhonorariumIEEE Richard Harold Kaufmann Award for outstandingcontributions in industrial systems engineering.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Joseph F. Keithley Award in Instrumentationand Measurement for outstanding contributions in electricalmeasurements.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and cashhonorariumIEEE Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Award for outstandingcontributions to the fundamentals of any aspect of electroniccircuits and systems that has a long-term significance orimpact.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Award for Graduate Teachingfor inspirational teaching of graduate students in theIEEE fields of interest.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate andhonorariumIEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and CommunicationsAward for outstanding contributions to the integrationof computers and communications.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorariumIEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Award foroutstanding contribution(s) to the advancement of powerelectronics.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technologiesfor outstanding contributions to emerging technologiesrecognized within recent years.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Circuitsfor outstanding contributions to solid-state circuits.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accomplishmentsin the management of research and developmentresulting in effective innovation in the electrical andelectronics industry.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Photonics Award for outstanding achievement(s) inphotonics.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium.IEEE Robotics and Automation Award for contributionsin the field of robotics and automation.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award for outstandingcontribution(s) to the advancement of the design, practice,techniques, or theory in biologically and linguisticallymotivated computational paradigms including but notlimited to neural networks, connectionist systems, evolutionarycomputation, fuzzy systems, and hybrid intelligentsystems in which these paradigms are contained.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE David Sarnoff Award for exceptional contributionsto electronics.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award for outstandingcontributions to the field of nuclear and plasma sciencesand engineering.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium16 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

News (cont’d)IEEE Innovation in Societal Infrastructure Award forsignificant technological achievements and contributionsto the establishment, development, and proliferation ofinnovative societal infrastructure systems through the applicationof information technology with an emphasis ondistributed computing systems.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorariumIEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award for exceptionalcontributions to the development and/or advancement ofstandards in electrical and electronics engineering.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contributionsto communications technology.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, andhonorariumIEEE Nikola Tesla Award for outstanding contributionsto the generation and utilization of electric power.• Award consists of a plaque and honorariumIEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award for outstanding early tomid-career contributions to technologies holding thepromise of innovative applications.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorariumIEEE Transportation Technologies Award for advancesin technologies within the fields of interest to the IEEE asapplied in transportation systems.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorariumIEEE Undergraduate Teaching Award for inspirationalteaching of undergraduate students in the fields of interestof IEEE.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorariumOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 17

Careers and AwardsEffective 2012, nomination deadlines for the IEEE Photonics SocietyAwards are listed as follows:AwardDistinguished Lecturer AwardsNomination deadline16 FebruaryAron Kressel AwardEngineering Achievement AwardQuantum Electronics AwardWilliam Streifer Scientific Achievement AwardDistinguished Service AwardGraduate Student FellowshipJohn Tyndall AwardYoung Investigator Award5 April5 April5 April5 April30 April30 May10 August30 September18 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Careers and Awards (cont’d)IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2012Graduate Student FellowshipThe IEEE Photonics Society established the GraduateStudent Fellowship Program to provide GraduateFellowships to outstanding Photonics Society studentmembers pursuing graduate education within the PhotonicsSociety field of interest. Applicants are normallyin their penultimate year of study and receive the awardfor their final year and must be a Photonics Society studentmember. Recipients are apportioned geographicallyin approximate proportion to the numbers of studentmembers in each of the main geographical regions(Americas, Europe/Mid-East/Africa, Asia/Pacific). Thereare 10 Fellows per year. The deadline for nominationsis 30 May.The presentation will be made during the Awards Ceremonyat the 2012 IEEE Photonics Conference at the HyattRegency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California,USA on Monday 24th September, 2012.The IEEE Photonics Society is proud to present the recipientsof our 2012 Graduate Student Fellows:Tingyi Gu—Columbia UniversityJens Hofrichter—Eindhoven University of TechnologyDomaniç Lavery—University College LondonWilliam Loh—Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDan Luo—Nanyang Technological UniversityHiva Shahoei—University of OttawaYan Shi—Eindhoven University of TechnologyKe Wang—University of MelbourneJin Yan—University of Central FloridaYue Zhou—University of Hong KongTingyi Gu received the B.Eng.degree in Information Technologyfrom Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU), Shanghai, Chinain 2008, and the M. Sc. Degreein Electrical Engineering fromColumbia University, New York,NY, in 2010.She worked at Center for HighTechnology, University of New Mexico, NM, about oneyear and half on colloidal quantum dots optical calibrationand the InAs quantum dots solar cell measurement andmodeling. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree atColumbia University, in optical nanostructure laboratory.Her current research focuses on understanding the optoelectronicproperties of semiconductor in nanostructureddevices, as well as wiring them to implementation in integratedphotonic circuits.She has authored and coauthored 7 journal publicationsin stellar scientific journals including Nature Photonics,and 14 conference papers. She presented at various prestigiousacademic conferences including Conference onLasers and Electro-optics (CLEO), SPIE photonics west,Frontier in Optics (FiO), and Materials Research Society(MRS). She joined Optical Society of America (OSA) andThe International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)on 2009, IEEE photonics and New York Academy of Scienceon 2010.Jens Hofrichter studied electricalengineering at the Dresden Universityof Technology, Germanyfrom 2003 to 2006. From 2005to 2006 he was research assistantat GTW- TUD GmbH, workingon high- speed SiGe bipolartransistors. In 2006 he moved toRWTH Aachen, Germany, wherehe received the Dipl.-Ing. (equivalent to MSc) degree inElectrical Engineering under the supervision of Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heinrich Kurz in 2009. He has been with AMOGmbH Aachen from 2007 to 2009, working on x-ray detectors,low-noise JFETs and CMOS compatible synthesismethods of graphene. After completing an internship in2008 working on grating couplers, he re-joined IBM in2009, where he is currently working towards his PhDin collaboration with Prof. H.J.S. Dorren’s group, theCOBRA Research Institute, TU Eindhoven Universityof Technology, the Netherlands.His current research focus is on the simulation, fabricationand measurement of III-V devices heterogeneouslyintegrated on silicon photonics, as well as on couplingschemes for silicon photonics. Jens Hofrichter is a memberof IEEE Photonics Society and has authored more than 10scientific publications as first author in the fields of grapheneresearch, silicon photonics and optical signal processing.In 2011 he was awarded with IBM’s First PlateauInvention Achievement Award, and in 2012 he receivedthe IEEE Photonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship.“It is my great honor to receive the IEEE PhotonicsSociety Graduate Student Fellowship. I’d like to emphasizethat this award is also the result of the excellentcollaboration between IBM Research—Zurich and TUEindhoven University of Technology, in particular Prof.Dr. H.J.S. Dorren, Dr. O. Raz and the COBRA cleanroomstaff.”October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 19

Careers and Awards (cont’d)Domaniç Lavery was born in Surrey,England in 1987. In 2005 heundertook an MPhys degree in TheoreticalPhysics at the University ofDurham, Durham, United Kingdom,which was awarded in June2009. For his master’s degree, hecompleted a project with the Institutefor Particle Physics Phenomenology,with a thesis on extra dimensions in particle theory.In late 2009 he was awarded an EPSRC (Engineeringand Physical Sciences Research Council) industrialCASE scholarship with Oclaro to undertake a Ph.D withthe Optical Networks Group at University College London,London, United Kingdom, under the supervision ofDr. Seb Savory. His research focuses on the use of digitalcoherent transceivers to increase the capacity and reach ofwavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) passive opticalnetworks (PON).Mr. Lavery has authored/co-authored 13 peer-reviewedjournal publications and conference papers in the field ofoptical communications, including a post-deadline paperat the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC)2012. He is also actively involved as a reviewer for severaljournal publications.William Loh received the B.S. degreein Electrical Engineering from theUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor in2007, and the M.S. degree in ElectricalEngineering from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology (MIT)in 2009. He is currently pursuing thePh.D. in Electrical Engineering as anactive member of the Integrated PhotonicsInitative (IPI) collaboration between the MIT LincolnLaboratory and the MIT campus. He is jointly advised by Dr.Paul Juodawlkis of the Lincoln Laboratory and Prof. RajeevRam of the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment.His research interests include novel structures andschemes for semiconductor optical devices, microwavephotonicoscillators for synthesis of low-noise RF signals,physics of noise processes in oscillators and optoelectronicsystems, and modeling of optical phenomena in photonicsystems and devices. His project combines various aspectsof theory, device fabrication, and system testing forthe demonstration of high-performance microwave photonicsystems using novel slab-coupled optical waveguide(SCOW) technology.Mr. Loh has currently published 8 journal papers (5 asfirst author), 15 conference papers, and 1 book chapter (asa coauthor). He serves as a reviewer for both the PhotonicsTechnology Letters and the Photonics Journal. He is astudent member of IEEE and the IEEE Photonics Society.Dan Luo was born in Hunan, China,in 1981. He received his B. S.degree in Optoelectronics Engineeringfrom T ianjin University, Chinain 2004 and Ph. D. degree in Electricaland Electronic Engineeringfrom Nanyang Technological University,Singapore in 2012.Luo’s research interests includeliquid crystal based photonic devices, holographic polymerdispersedliquid crystal, photonic crystals, and diffractiveoptical elements, etc. He has authored/coauthored 17 peerreviewedjournal articles, and 2 international conferences papers.In recognition to his research work, he has been awardedthe 2011 Otto Lehmann Award as the global sole winner(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), the 2011Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-FinancedStudents Abroad, the 2012 SPIE Scholarship in Optics andPhotonics.Luo is also active in academic services, he served in IEEEPS Singapore student branch as the Secretary and V icePresident respectively from 2009 to 2011, and in the 1stPostgraduate student conference in Singapore as the GeneralChair in 2010.Hiva Shahoei received the B.Sc.degree in electrical engineeringfrom Tabriz University, Tabriz,Iran, in 2005, and the M.Sc. degreein electrical engineering fromTehran Polytechnic University, Tehran,Iran, in 2008. She is currentlyworking toward the Ph.D. degree inelectrical and computer engineeringin the Microwave Photonics Research Laboratory, School ofElectrical Engineering and Computer Science, Universityof Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, under the supervision ofProf. Jianping Yao.Her current research area, Microwave Photonics, is aninterdisciplinary field that studies the interaction betweenmicrowaves and light waves. Her current research focuson investigating innovative techniques for generating andprocessing microwaves in the optical domain, generatingslow and fast lights based on fiber Bragg gratings for applicationssuch as optical and wireless communication, medicalimaging and modern instrumentation.Until now, she has authored 10 peer-reviewed journalpublications and eight international conference papers. Shehas received the 2009 University of Ottawa Doctoral ResearchScholarship, third place at the 2012 University of20 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Careers and Awards (cont’d)Ottawa research poster competition, and IEEE PhotonicsSociety 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship.“It is my great honor to receive the 2012 IEEE PhotonicsSociety Graduate Student Fellowship. I would liketo thank my thesis supervisor, Prof. Jianping Yao, for hiscontinuous support.”Yan Shi received her B.Eng. degreein electronic information engineeringfrom Jilin University, Changchun,China, in 2006 and the M.Sc.degree in electronics science andtechnology from Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China in 2008. Followingthat, she started her researchat ALCATEL-LUCENT Inc. (Shanghai)as a software engineer in mobile access department. Herresearch was focused on the software architecture design forthe 4G wireless technology- LTE.In May 2009, she started working towards the PhDdegree under the supervision of Prof. Ton Koonen in theECO group of COBRA research institute at EindhovenUniversity of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands,where she has conducted research in the area of ultrawideband wireless and multi-format services transmissionover large core PolyMethyl MethaAcrylate (PMMA) plasticoptical fibers for high-capacity in-home networks. HerPh.D work has been performed in the European Union FP7project POF-PLUS, ALPHA, and EURO-FOS.She has authored and co-authored more than 40 publicationsin peer-reviewed journals, international conferencesand book chapters. She has also regularly served as a reviewerfor IEEE /OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology andIEEE Photonics Technology Letters. She was awarded withthe National Scholarship (2003), Excellent Student Honor(2003-2006), and Graduate Student Scholarship (2007).She was the award winner of the Rising Star Showcase at theInternational Broadcasting Conference (IBC) in 2011 andone of the recipients of IEEE Photonics Society GraduateStudent Fellowship in 2012.Ke Wang was born in Xuzhou (China)in 1988 and received the B.Sc.degree from Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology, Wuhan,China, in 2009. He joined NationalICT Australia—V ictoria ResearchLaboratory (NICTA-VRL), Departmentof Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, The University ofMelbourne, Australia, as a Ph.D. candidate in 2010. He iscurrently working towards his Ph.D. degree under the jointsupervision of Prof. Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, A/Prof.Christina Lim, and Prof. Efstratios Skafidas. His research ismainly on the optical wireless technologies for high-speedwireless communications in personal area networks (PANs)and reconfigurable free space card-to-card optical interconnects.He has published over 30 papers in peer-reviewedjournals and international conferences as the first author.He has also been invited to give a 3.5-hours tutorial at the2011 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics(MWP).Mr. Wang is a Student Member of IEEE Photonics Society(IPS) and Optical Society of America (OSA). He servesas a reviewer for IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, Optics Express,Optics Letters, Journal of Optical Communications andNetworking, and IEEE Transactions on Communications.He was the recipient of Melbourne International ResearchScholarship, Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship,NICTA Special Top-Up Scholarship, MelbourneAbroad Travelling Scholarship, and M. A. Bartlett ResearchScholarship. In addition, he received the Best Student PaperAward (2nd place) at the 2011 International Topical Meetingon Microwave Photonics (MWP) and the 2012 IEEEPhotonics Society Japan Young Scientist Award (1st place).Jin Yan received her B.S. from ZhejiangUniversity, China, and is currentlya fourth-year Ph.D. candidateat College of Optics and Photonics,University of Central Florida. Herresearch focuses on device physicsand applications of blue phaseliquid crystals. Blue phase liquidcrystals exhibit several revolutionaryfeatures, such as submillisecond response time, no need forsurface alignment layers, isotropic dark state, etc. Therefore,it holds great potential for next-generation displayand photonics applications. Currently, she has 19 journalpublications and a couple of conference papers, includingseveral invited talks. She is also the president of SID studentchapter at UCF.Yue Zhou received the B. Eng. degreein electronic engineering fromShanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai, China, in 2008. He is currentlyworking towards the Ph. D.degree under the supervision of Prof.Kenneth K. Y. Wong in the Departmentof Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, the University of HongKong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR,China. He was a visiting student at the Research Laboratoryof Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 21

Careers and Awards (cont’d)Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2011. His current researchinterests include fiber optical parametric amplifiers, fiberoptical parametric oscillators, mode-locked fiber lasers, andoptical parametric chirped-pulse amplification systems.Mr. Zhou has authored and co-authored more than30 papers in leading technical journals and internationalconferences, including seven first-author papers in peerreviewed journals. He is a Student Member of theIEEE Photonics Society and Optical Society of America(OSA). He was the recipient of the 1st Runner Up BestPaper Award in the 10th IEEE Photonics Society HongKong Chapter Postgraduate Conference in 2009. Heserves as reviewer for Optical Letters, Optics Express andJournal of Modern Optics.“It is my great honor to receive the IEEE Photonics SocietyGraduate Student Fellowship in 2012. I would liketo take this opportunity to express my gratitude for thegenerous support from all the people I have been workingwith, especially Prof. Kenneth K. Y. Wong, Prof. Franz X.Kaertner and Dr. Guoqing Chang.”Leadership: The Importance of Communicationor ConversationGerard H. (Gus) Gaynor, Technology Management Council, VP Publications,IEEE Life Fellow, Director of Engineering 3M, RetiredThe competence to lead determines career success whetheryou are a manager, a technical professional interested inmanagement, or one who plans to continue as a specialist.One key requirement for leadership is the ability to communicateeffectively, not only within your discipline, butalso among different disciplines and organizational functionsand at many different levels.Bob Lutz 1 , at the time the retired Vice Chairman ofthe Chrysler Corporation, noted that “Engineers need tobe like anybody else in business, proactive and somewhatoutgoing. And they need to reach outside specific technicalareas. Mainly, engineers need to be good communicators,because there is no point in achieving an engineeringbreakthrough, having a new idea, or coming up with a newmaterial, if you can’t get your colleagues excited about it.”Lutz warns us of the need to communicate clearly and conciselynot only within our disciplines, but also across organizations.We tend to communicate in terms of F = MAand E = IR, algorithms, simulations, and models. Manyresources are available for help in developing communicationskills. It may not be too late to learn. But, we need toexpand the meaning of the word “communicate” becausecommunication involves more than the ability to speak andwrite. David Whyte, poet, author of several books, a degreein marine zoology, a leader of anthropological and naturalhistory, brings some interesting insights to communicationas it relates to leadership and management.Whyte 2 considers the following points as barriers tocommunication: 1) Entering any situation in which you donot have the language, 2) Disregarding the impact of theconversation we’re not having, 3) Cutting off the conversationtoo early, 4) Recognizing that the situation influences thelanguage we use. Whyte considers “will” as an elaborativemechanism. As an example; once you decide to build ahouse and where, that’s when “will” comes in—until thattime it is conversation. These barriers eloquently describethe requirements for communications to be meaningfuland of value. We reach barrier one when the communicatorfails to convey the content in its context, at the appropriatelevel, and in understandable language: the audiencewill fail not only to grasp its significance, but also loseinterest and tend to disregard it. You’ve most likely experiencedsituations where the conversation we’re not havingcaused future problems. Every important conversation includessensitive issues that are often disregarded. We haveall heard the expression “let’s not go there” only to find outlater that that’s where we should have gone. Doing due diligencerequires exploring the sensitive and often controversialissues. If we stop the conversation too early, withoutconsidering the impact on others in the chain of meetinga commitment, we interject conditions that eventuallyrequire not only physical, but also mental rework. Thoseproject knockouts, the things that unless resolved lead to failure,must be addressed now, not later. If we fail to considerthe social, operational, and economic environmentin which we operate, we exacerbate the communicationprocess. The global economy has complicated conversation.We assume that we and others understand. Communicatingin diverse cultures requires understanding, notonly how those cultures speak to each other, but also howthey speak to others. That requires some understanding ofcultural origins and history.22 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Careers and Awards (cont’d)Finally, the searching for facts and knowledge, analyzingproblems and opportunities, developing various scenarios,and reaching an acceptable decision is just conversationuntil someone demonstrates the “will” to make-it-happen.However, those having the “will” to make-it-happen willincreasingly be required to move the conversation to a higherlevel: the real conversation begins after a project has beenapproved.I suggest that we elevate our view of communication andbegin removing some of the barriers. Research shows thatthe record of meeting project requirements, schedules, andcosts does not generate a great deal of confidence in futureperformance. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir 3 include theirresearch and that of The Standish Group to demonstratethe situation. Their research, over a fifteen year period onmore than 600 projects in business, government, and thenot-for-profit sector, and in various countries, found thatabout 85 percent of projects overran scheduled time by70 percent and budget by 60 percent. The StandishGroup, in 2000, found that only 28 percent of IT projectswere successful, and estimated that of the $382 billionspent on IT projects in 2003 yielded $82 billionin total waste. I urge you to review your organization’sproject performance and begin the conversation, not withthe intent of placing blame, but understanding why. Theblame chain begins at the executive levels and flows downthrough the organization.Finally, make sure everyone understands the languageof the conversation, which must be comprehensive; includesresolution of the knockouts; and continues until critical issuesand their coherent solutions are identified.References1. Peter M. Tobia. “Robert Lutz Gives Engineers theNod,” IEEE. Today’s Engineer. Vol. 2–1, pp. 6–11.2. David Whyte, Personal notes from a radio broadcast.3. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir, Reinventing Project Management(Boston: Harvard. Business School Press,2007), pp. 5–7.IEEE Technology Management Council:Who are we and what do we do?The IEEE Technology Management Council (TMC) providesinformation and services to IEEE members and theworldwide audience of practitioners and researchers engagedin the profession of engineering, technology, andinnovation management. TMC has 14 member societieswhich contribute material support as well as representativesto the TMC Board of Governors so that the TMC canbest provide the needs of the societies’ members. Pleasevisit the IEEE TMC website at http://www.ieeetmc.org tofind out the TMC member societies and their representatives.You can also find out information about our flagshipconference and our publications.“Nick” Cartoon Series by Christopher DoerrOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 23

Careers and Awards (cont’d)24 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Membership SectionBenefits of IEEE Senior MembershipThere are many benefits to becoming an IEEE Senior Member:• The professional recognition of your peers for technical and professional excellence• An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display.• Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership.• A letter of commendation to your employer on the achievement of Senior member grade (upon the request of thenewly elected Senior Member.)• Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices.• Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions.• Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants.• Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications.The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, technicalexecutive or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in professional practice for at least tenyears and shall have shown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years.To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version.For more information or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website: http://www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.htmlNew Senior MembersPeter Huggard Tien-Chang Lu Sung-Jin ParkMona Jarrahi Jose Roberto Mazariegos Sergei K TuritsynHyun Jae KimHon Yu Ng26 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Conference SectionIEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETYCONFERENCE CALENDAR2012International Semiconductor Laser ConferenceenceJOIN US!7-10 October 2012, San Diego Mission Valley Marriott, San Diego, California a USAwww.islc-ieee.org2013Optical Interconnects Conferencee5-8 May 2013, Eldorado Hotel and Spa, Santa Fe, New Mexico USAwww.oi-ieee.orgSummer Topicals Meeting Series8-10 July 2013, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii USAwww.sum-ieee.org10th International Conference on Group IV Photonicswww.gfp-ieee.orgAvionics, Fiber-Optics & Photonics Conferenceencee1-3 October 2013 Holiday Inn on the Bay, San Diego, California USAwww.avfop-ieee.orgIEEE Photonics Conference8-12 September 2013, Hyatt Regency Bellevue, Bellevue, Washington USAwww.ipc-ieee.org2014IEEE Photonics Conference12-16 October 2014, Hyatt Regency La Jolla, San Diego, California USAwww.ipc-ieee.orgWWW. PHOTONICSCONFERENCES.ORGSOOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 27

Conference Section (cont’d)ACP 2012 – Where Science andIndustry MergeYikai Su, Xiang Liu, and Sailing HeIntroduction to the conference - Asia Communicationsand Photonics Conference (ACP) is Asia’s premier conferencein the Pacific Rim for photonics technologies, includingoptical communications, biophotonics, nanophotonics,illumination and applications in energy. The event will takeplace 7–10 November, 2012, Guangzhou (Canton), China.Five technical societies—OSA, SPIE, IEEE PhotonicsSociety, Chinese Optical Society, and Chinese Institute ofCommunications—have joined together to co-sponsor theACP 2012 conference.Highlights: The ACP technical conference features afull suite of plenary talks, invited talks, contributed talks,tutorials, poster presentations, and post-deadline talks, tobe given by international academic and industrial researchers.The number of submissions is over 600 for ACP 2012,representing one of the largest optical communications andphotonics conferences in the Asia-Pacific region. The plenarysession will be featuring four high-profile speakers fromthe academia (including Prof. Stefan W. Hell, who will bespeaking on “High Resolution Optical Microscopy”) andfrom the industry (including Dr. Zhengmao Li, ExecutiveVice President of China Mobile). The conference also featuresa whole-day Industrial Forum consisting of two workshops,one on Huawei’s communication technologies, andthe other on high-speed optical transmission technologiesof other leading international companies. There are threeother workshops organized by pioneering researchers on“Photonic Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Computersand Networks”, “Biophotonics challenges-Researchfrontiers vs. biomedical applications in the real world andcommercialization”, and “Energy efficient optical communicationsand networking”. In addition, a mini Symposiumon Advanced Photonics Materials is scheduled.ACP provides an ideal venue to keep up with new researchdirections, the latest technical breakthroughs, andemerging new commercial applications of optoelectronicssubsystems and technologies. ACP 2012’s Website is:http://www.acp-conf.org/7–10 November, 2012, Garden Hotel, Guangzhou (Canton), China.28 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Conference Section (cont’d)High-Power Semiconductor Lasersat the IEEE Photonics SocietySummer Topical Meeting 2012One of the topics in this year’s IEEE Photonics Society SummerTopical Meeting was High Power Semiconductor Lasers.The Meeting was held 9–11 July 2012 at the RenaissanceHotel in Seattle, Washington. Attendees were able tovisit the world-famous Space Needle, Pike Place Market,and sample the local restaurants. They enjoyed the view ofMount Rainer made possible by the beautiful weather duringthe conference—regardless of Seattle’s rainy reputation.Over 170 scientists and engineers attended, and judging bythe attendance in the sessions they were split about equallyamong the three topics of this year’s Meeting. Despite beingheld on the West Coast of the USA, the High PowerSemiconductor Laser sessions were heavily influenced byEuropeans with over half of the organizing committee andnearly half of the authors hailing from Europe.Although the Summer Topical Meeting is typicallymeant to be a place for the latest “hot topic” in Photonics,high-power semiconductor lasers have been on scientistsminds since the invention of the laser diode 50 years ago.Despite this, the high-power community was being underservedwithout a good meeting for more scientific discussionon the physics of high-power semiconductor lasersand where the topic is headed. SPIE’s Photonics West isthe most popular meeting for the high-power crowd, butthe talks there tend to be more commercial and less aboutthe physics. Several other conferences touch upon the topic(CLEO, CLEO Europe, IEEE Photonics Conference, and theInt’l Semiconductor Laser Conference), but none have createda large draw for the high-power community. Based onthe response to this meeting and feedback from the participants,there does indeed appear to be a need for sucha venue for the scientific community, which may lead to amore regular meeting of this group.The first plenary talk was by Goetz Ebert, head of theOptoelectronics Department of the Ferdinand Braun Institute(Berlin, Germany). The Institute is one of the leadingresearch organizations in high-power semiconductor lasersin Europe. Dr. Ebert gave an excellent review of some oftheir most recent work on broad-area, grating-stabilized,and tapered lasers developed at the Institute. The secondplenary talk was by Erik Zucker, Senior Director of ProductDevelopment for High Power Lasers at JDSU (Milpitas,California). Dr. Zucker gave a very entertaining talk includinga bit of the history of high-power semiconductor lasers,in particular at SDL (now JDSU) which pioneered the fieldfor a couple of decades. He went on to discuss the key attributesof laser diodes: power, efficiency, etendue (brightness),reliability, and cost. He touched upon several of thekey high-power laser manufacturers products and comparedtheir brightness and discussed the trends for the future.Sculpture by Seattle artist Dale Chihuly with the world- famousSpace Needle in the background.Plenary speaker Erik Zucker of JDSU wrapping up hispresentation.October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 29

Conference Section (cont’d)High-Power Semiconductor Laser session underway with a captivated audience!In the vein of the more scientific nature of the meeting,there were three tutorial talks. The first was T.Y. Fan,group leader of MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s Laser Technologygroup (Lexington, Massachusetts), teaching us about laserbeam combining. Dr. Fan and his group at MIT LincolnLaboratory have been leading the beam combining area formany years, in particular with wavelength beam combiningand coherent beam combining in both semiconductorand fiber lasers. Proper beam combining of many sources islikely the key for future high-power laser systems to scaleto very high brightness. Prof. Luke Mawst of the Universityof Wisconsin (Madison, Wisconsin) presented a tutorial onmonolithic power scaling that summarized work on highpowerarrays pioneered by Prof. Mawst and his co-author,Prof. Dan Botez. Prof. Peter Blood of Cardiff University(Cardiff, UK) gave the third tutorial delving deep into thephysics of laser threshold and efficiency, with advice on howto improve them with design changes.Invited talks made up nearly half of the meeting program.Most of the leading companies in the high-powermarket provided talks summarizing their latest results, includingCoherent (Santa Clara, California), DILAS (Mainz-Hechtsheim, Germany), Jenoptik (Berlin, Germany),nLight (Vancouver, WA), Oclaro (Zurich, Switzerland),Osram (Regensbury, Germany), and Trumpf (Cranbury,New Jersey). Off the beaten path, Toby Garrod of Alfalight(Madison, Wisconsin) and Chad Wang of FLIR (Ventura,Califonia) gave talks on surface-emitting lasers for highpowerapplications. Surface-emitters have the advantage ofgreatly spreading out the optical power over a larger areabut some challenges come along as well. Ryan Feeler ofNorthrup Grumman Cutting Edge Optronics (St. Charles,Missouri) gave an interesting talk on the prospects ofpump laser diodes for use on fusion reactors—should theybe made feasible, identifying the lack of laser productioncapacity worldwide as a major hurdle to meeting such anapplication (a challenge most of the attending companieswould love to address!).A significant portion of the invited talks were from laboratoriesor universities to address the fundamental physics questions.Hans-Dieter Hoffman from the Fraunhofer Institute(Aachen, Germany), Christoph Schultz and Paul Crump ofthe Ferdinand Braun Institute (Berlin, Germany) gave talkson increasing the brightness of laser diodes, both spatiallyand spectrally. Prof. Eugene Avrutin from the University ofYork (York, UK) and Prof. Andrezj Malag from the Instituteof Electronic Materials Technology (Warsaw, Poland) spokeabout improving waveguide design to increase the laser power.Prof. Paul Michael Petersen of the Technical University ofDenmark (Roskilde, Denmark) summarized various externalcavityfeedback architectures and their effects on high-powerlaser performance. Prof. Eric Larkins of the University ofNottingham (Nottingham, UK) discussed tapered lasers thatcan provide high power with better beam-quality than broadarealasers. Jens Tomm from the Max Born Institute (Berlin,Germany) discussed the process of laser failure that limits theoutput power of high power lasers with dramatic images andmovies of the melting of laser facets. A representative fromthe European Union funding agency that sponsors many photonicsresearch programs, Stefan Kaierle of Laser ZentrumHannover (Hannover, Germany), even discussed the futureprospects of EU funding in this field.In addition to the excellent plenary, tutorial, and invitedtalks there were 14 contributed talks that spanned manyaspects of high-power semiconductor lasers from researchersbased in Japan, USA, Europe, and as far away as St.Petersburg, Russia. Many thanks to the organizing committee,speakers, and attendees for making this meeting asuccess. Special thanks to my co-chair, Paul Crump, of theFerdinand Braun Institute!Gary M. Smith, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Co-chair30 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Call forPapersConference Section (cont’d)9 October 2012, 12:00 P.M. EDT (16.00 GMT)IMPORTANT DEADLINE:Only one conference and exposition in the world brings you the thought leaders and solutionsproviders taking data, communications and IT infrastructure beyond what you ever thoughtpossible. From the ideas that will become tomorrow’s solutions to the solutions your businessneeds today—you’ll find them at OFC/NFOEC. www.ofcnfoec.org/submissionsBeyond Copper. Beyond 100G. Beyond Next Gen.Sponsored by: Technical Conference March 17-21Exposition March 19-21Anaheim Convention CenterAnaheim, CA, USAOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 31

Conference Section (cont’d) 2012INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE7-10 OctoberSAN DIEGOMISSION VALLEYMARRIOTTSan Diego, California USA Sponsored by32 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Conference Section (cont’d)Eldorado Hotel & Spa Santa Fe, New Mexico5-8 MAY 2013Paper Submission Deadline11 Januaryary2013Pre-Registration Deadline5April 2013Interconnect Systems, Architectures & ApplicationsInterconnects in Supercomputers p & DatacentersOptical Transmitters, Receivers & ComponentsUltra Low Power and/or High Bitrate InterconnectsFundamental Limits & Novel ConceptsElectrical & Wireless InterconnectsSilicon PhotonicsHybrid & Monolithic Photonicsonics IntegrationEnd-to-End (Electrical-Optical-Electrical) al-El ca LinksOptical Switchingi Devices, Architectures & Control NetworksEmerging Interconnect StandardsInterconnect t PackaginggGeneral Co Chairs:Ashok Krshnamoorthy, Oracle, USAJohn Shalf, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USAwww.OI-IEEE.orgwww.PhotonicsConferences.orgOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 33

Conference Section (cont’d)PLANNING A CONFERENCE?WE CAN HELP!IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY CONFERENCES CANPROVIDE THE SERVICES YOU NEED!•Conference Attendee Registration Management & Reporting•Paper Process Management•Conference Website development and maintenance•Design and production of Call For Papers•Production of Conference CD Proceedings to include IEEE Xplore•Full conference ManagementTALK TO US TODAY!CONTACT Mary Hendrickxfor more informationTEL:(732-562-3897) 2-38m.hendrickx@ieee.org34 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Conference Section (cont’d)Forthcoming Meetings with ICO ParticipationICO, THE PLACE WHERE THE WORLD OF OPTICS MEETResponsibility for the correctness of the information on this page rests with ICO, the InternationalCommission for Optics; http://www.ico-optics.org/.President: M L Calvo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Óptica, Facultad deCiencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, E 28040 Madrid, Spain; mlcalvo@fis.ucm.es.Associate Secretary: Prof. Gert von Bally, Centrum für Biomedizinische Optik und Photonik, UniversitätsklinikumMünster, Robert-Koch-Straße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany; Ce.BOP@uni-muenster.de21–25 October 20124th International Symposium onTransparent Conductive Materials(TCM 2012)Crete, GreeceContact: George Kiriakidis,phone: +302810391271,fax: +302810391295kiriakid@iesl.forth.gr2–5 November 20125th International Photonics andOptoelec-tronics Meetings (POEM 2012)Wuhan, ChinaContact: Xiaochun Xiao, Qingming Luo,phone: +86-27-87792227, 87792223,fax: +86-27-87792224xiaoxc@mail.hust.edu.cnqluo@mail.hust.edu.cnBeginning of 20131st EOS Topical Meeting on Photonicsfor Sustainable Development - Focuson the Mediterranean (PSDM 2013)Tunis, TunisiaContact: Julia Dalichow,phone: +49 511 2788 155,fax: +49 511 2788 117dalichow@myeos.orgATTENTIONIEEE MEMBERS:Energy expertsspeak out!Free e-NewsletterNews and opinions on sustainableenergy, cars and climate.Alternative fuel for thoughtfrom the editors of IEEE Spectrum.Subscribe atwww.spectrum.ieee.org/energywiseOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 35

Conference Section (cont’d)IEEE Photonics Society Co–Sponsored Events - 2012ICP October 1—3, 20122012 3rd International Conference on PhotonicsPark Royal Penang ResortPenang, Malaysiahttp://www.icp2012.orgOFS—22 October 15—19, 201222nd International Conference on Optical Fiber SensorsChina Hall of Science and TechnologyBeijng, Chinahttp://www.ofs-22.orgIWOW October 22, 2012International Workshop on Optical Wireless CommunicationsScuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italyhttp://opticwise.uop.gr/index.php/announcements/19-workshop-at-pisa.htmlACP November 7—10, 2012Asia Communications and Photonics ConferenceThe Garden HotelGuangzhou (Canton), Chinahttp://acp-conf.orgPHOTONICS December 9 —12, 2012The International Conference on Fiber Optics and PhotonicsIndian Institute of TechnologyMadras, Indiahttp://www.photonics2012.in/PGC December 13—16, 20122012 Photonics Global ConferenceNanyang Technological UniversitySuntec City, Singaporehttp://www.photonicsglobal.orgCODEC December 17—19, 20122012 International Conference on Computers and Devices for CommunicationHyatt Regency KolkataKolkata, Indiahttp://www.codec-rpe.org36 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Conference Section (cont’d) in “Living Lab, Campus The Hague”, The NetherlandsJune 24 – 26, 2013Responsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship dditional information: www.ice-conference.org/IEEE-ITMC2013Preliminary tracksResponsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship• Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship• Innovation and entrepreneurship in developingcountries• Ethics in innovation and entrepreneurship• Incentives and institutions for responsibleinnovation and entrepreneurshipCollaboration and networks• Concurrent engineering/enterprising• Product, service and system development• Network organization• Supply chain management• Collaborative Innovation & Living LabsForesight and strategies to explore new markets• Technology foresight• Technology road mapping• Market analysis in a high-tech market• Business models in a high-tech market• Strategic niche management• Technology & Business strategiesSpecial tracks and workshops• Theory of technology management• Education programs in TMC, MoT, R&D• Crisis managementOrganizing committeeTU Delft:IEEE TMC:Leiden University:ICE:Important Dates:Full paper submission Due:Notification of Acceptance:Final paper submission:Roland Ortt, Jeroen van den Hoven, Wil ThissenRobert Bierwolf, Bob Shapiro, Luke Maki, Tuna TarimGideon Shimshon, Thomas Bäck, Joost KokBernhard Katzy, Klaus-Dieter Thoben10 January 201310 March 201310 April 2013October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 37

IEEE/OSA JOURNAL OFLightwaveTechnologyWhy Publish in JLT? Easy-to-Use Authors’ Tools V Plus: Xplore ®New issueevery 2 weeks Rapid online postingwithin two weeksof acceptance Special Issues!IEEE/OSA JLTwelcomes original advancesrelated to state-of-the-artcapabilities in the theory,design, fabrication, application,performance, packaging andreliability of: About IEEE Xplore ® : http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jlt-ieeeContact us:jltstaff@ieee.org

Coherent Photon Sources Nonlinear Photonic EffectsNano-Photonics Bio-Photonics - Silicon PhotonicsPhotonics Materials and Engineered NanostructuresPlasma Photonics, Terahertz and Microwave PhotonicsIntegrated Photonic SystemsPublication SectionPhotonics Journal to become IEEE’s firstall open-access journalReach a wider audience for your research paper at lower costBreakthroughsin Photonics2010 is nowavailable asan openaccess featureBeginning on April 15th, the IEEE Photonics Society’s Photonics Journalbegan transitioning to a new “open access” publishing model that willfoster a much wider readership of published papers, reduce the cost ofopen access publication, and enable authors to comply with requirementsof funding agencies that their research be made available without charge.On January 1, 2013, Photonics Journal will become the first IEEE journalto transition to a completely open access publication process.Lower cost for open access publicationAuthors choosing the new open access publication option for their papers in Photonics Journal will payjust $1,350 (lowered from $2,800). This one low open access fee covers papers up to eight pages, withadditional pages at $120 each.Transition to open access for all submissions to Photonics JournalUntil July 1, 2012, authors will have the option of submitting papers under the existing submission rules,or choosing the new open access publication method. After July 1, all papers published in Photonics Journalmust be submitted under the open access model. In addition, on January 1, 2013 all back issues of PhotonicsJournal (including all 2012 papers) will become available via open access.Photonics Journal: the IEEE’s first online-only peer reviewedjournal, will be the IEEE’s first all-open-access journalThe IEEE Photonics Journal offers a comprehensive technical scope within photonicsscience and technology, reflecting the latest research in the technical communityengaged in the generation, control, detection and utilization of electromagneticradiation, spanning frequencies from terahertz to x-rays. Please visit the Journal’swebsite to learn more: http://www.photonicsjournal.org/index.htmlThe Journal maintains the highest standards of editorial quality and fair-minded rigorousreview processes, characteristic of all IEEE journals. IEEE Photonics Journal offers rapidpublication of papers on IEEE Xplore. The expanded capabilities supported by onlinepublication also allow open-access and multimedia options forauthors, while providing significantly increased value to readers.Learn more about the IEEE PhotonicsSociety at photonicssociety.orgOctober 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 39

Publication Section (cont’d)Call for PapersAnnouncing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNALOF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUMELECTRONICS on Semiconductor LasersSubmission Deadline: November 1, 2012The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronicsinvites manuscripts that document the current stateof the art in Semiconductor Lasers. Technical areas includebut are not limited to:• high-speed VCSELs and edge-emitting lasers• low energy/bit lasers• Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers( VECSELs)• novel high power laser schemes• short pulse sources• micro- and nanolasers• short wavelength and visible lasers• quantum dot/wire lasers• photonic crystal lasers• lasers on new semiconductor materials• tunable lasers• lasers in photonic and electronic integrated circuits• quantum cascade, interband and mid-IR lasers• THz lasers• coupled semiconductor lasers• semiconductor ring lasers• lasers in microwave photonics• synchronization of chaotic lasers, laser dynamics• SOA and LED topics closely related to lasers• new applications of semiconductor lasersThe Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Luke F. Lester,University of New Mexico, USA, and the Guest Editors areSze-Chun Chan, City University of Hong Kong, China,Vassilios Kovanis, Air Force Research Laboratory, USA,Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan,and Stephen Sweeney, University of Surrey, UK.The deadline for submission of manuscripts is November 1,2012. Preprints of accepted manuscripts will be postedon the IEEE Xplore website within 2 weeks of authorscorrectly uploading their final files in the ScholarOne Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Final pageproofs of accepted papers are normally posted onlinein IEEE Xplore within 6 weeks of authors uploadingtheir final files, if there are no page proof corrections.Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for July/August 2013.All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with thenormal procedures of the Journal.For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, pleasecontact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan LutzIEEE/Photonics Society445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: c.tanlutz@ieee.orgThe following supporting documents are requiredduring the mandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Journalof Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics from the dropdown menu).1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format,up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages fora contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standardpage limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are mandatory,photographs are optional. You may find theTools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form.Please email c.tanlutz@ieee.org to request this form.3) MS Word document with full contact informationfor all authors as indicated below: Last name (Familyname), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation,Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile,Email.40 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Publication Section (cont’d)Call for PapersAnnouncing an Issue of the IEEEJOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS INQUANTUM ELECTRONICS on NumericalSimulation of Optoelectronic DevicesSubmission Deadline: December 1, 2012The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronicsinvites manuscript submissions in the area of NumericalSimulation of Optoelectronic Devices. Thepurpose of this issue of JSTQE is to document the currentstate of the art and the variety of leading-edge work in thisfield through a collection of original papers. Papers aresolicited on theory, modeling, simulation, and analysis ofmodern optoelectronic devices including materials, fabricationand application. Optoelectronic devices are based onthe interaction of photons and electrons, including laserdiodes, light emitting diodes, optical modulators, opticalamplifiers, solar cells, photodetectors, and optoelectronicintegrated circuits. Validation of theoretical results by measurementsis desired.The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is JoachimPiprek, NUSOD Institute, USA, and the Guest Editorsare Enrico Bellotti, Boston University, USA; Seoung-Hwan Park, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea;Bernd Witzigmann, University of Kassel, Germany; BeatRuhstaller, Fluxim AG, Switzerland.The deadline for submission of manuscripts is December1, 2012. Preprints of accepted manuscripts will beposted on the IEEE Xplore website within 2 weeksof authors correctly uploading their final files in theScholar One Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Finalpage proofs of accepted papers are normally postedonline in IEEE Xplore within 6 weeks of authorsuploading their final files, if there are no page proofcorrections. Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduledfor September/October 2013.All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with thenormal procedures of the Journal.For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan LutzIEEE/Photonics Society445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: c.tanlutz@ieee.orgThe following supporting documents are required during themandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Journal of Selected Topics inQuantum Electronics from the drop down menu).1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format,up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages fora contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standardpage limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are mandatory,photographs are optional. You may find theTools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form.Please email c.tanlutz@ieee.org to request this form.3) MS Word document with full contact informationfor all authors as indicated below: Last name (Familyname), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation,Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile,Email.October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 41

Publication Section (cont’d)Preliminary Call for PapersAnnouncing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNALOF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELEC-TRONICS on Graphene OptoelectronicsSubmission Deadline: April 1, 2013The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics(JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the areaof Graphene Optoelectronics. The purpose of this issueof JSTQE is to document leading-edge work in this fieldthrough a collection of original and invited papers rangingfrom fundamental physics to applications.The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Thomas Müller,Vienna University of Technology, Austria.The deadline for submission of manuscripts is April 1, 2013.Unedited preprints of accepted manuscripts are normallyposted online on IEEE Xplore within 1 week of authorsuploading their final files in the ScholarOne Manuscriptssubmission system. The final copy-edited and XML-taggedversion of a manuscript is posted on IEEE Xplore as soon aspossible once page numbers can be assigned. This versionreplaces the preprint and is usually posted well before thehardcopy of the issue is published. Hardcopy publication ofthe issue is scheduled for January/February 2014.All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with thenormal procedures of the Journal.For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan LutzIEEE/Photonics Society445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: c.tanlutz@ieee.orgThe following supporting documents are requiredduring the mandatory online submission at: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format,up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over thestandard page limit will have an overlength chargeof $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authorsare mandatory, photographs are optional. Youmay find the Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form.Please email c.tanlutz@ieee.org to request this form.3) MS Word document with full contact informationfor all authors as indicated below:Last name (Family name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation, Department, Address,Telephone, Facsimile, Email.42 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

YOU KNOW YOUR STUDENTS NEED IEEE INFORMATION.NOW THEY CAN HAVE IT. AND YOU CAN AFFORD IT.IEEE RECOGNIZES THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF SMALLER COLLEGES, and wants studentsto have access to the information that will put them on the path to career success. Now,smaller colleges can subscribe to the same IEEE collections that large universities receive,but at a lower price, based on your full-time enrollment and degree programs.Find out more–visit www.ieee.org/learning

ADVERTISER’S INDEXThe Advertiser’s Index contained in this issue iscompiled as a service to our readers and advertisers.The publisher is not liable for errors or omissionsalthough every effort is made to ensure itsaccuracy. Be sure to let our advertisers know youfound them through the IEEE Photonics SocietyNewsletter.Advertiser . . . . . . . . . . . . Page #General Photonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . CVR 2Lambda Research Corp.. . . . . . . . . CVR 3Optiwave Systems Inc . . . . . . . . . . CVR 4Santec USA Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Photonics SocietyMission StatementPhotonics Society shall advance the interestsof its members and the laser, optoelectronics,and photonics professional community by:• providing opportunities for informationexchange, continuing education, andprofessional growth;• publishing journals, sponsoring conferences,and supporting local chapter andstudent activities;• formally recognizing the professionalcontributions of members;• representing the laser, optoelectronics,and photonics community and serving asits advocate within the IEEE, the broaderscientific and technical community, andsociety at large.Photonics SocietyField of InterestThe Field of Interest of the Society shall be lasers,optical devices, optical fibers, and associatedlightwave technology and their applicationsin systems and subsystems in which quantumelectronic devices are key elements. The Societyis concerned with the research, development,design, manufacture, and applications of materials,devices and systems, and with the variousscientific and technological activities whichcontribute to the useful expansion of the field ofquantum electronics and applications.The Society shall aid in promoting close cooperationwith other IEEE groups and societiesin the form of joint publications, sponsorshipof meetings, and other forms of informationexchange. Appropriate cooperative efforts willalso be undertaken with non-IEEE societies.IEEE PhotonicsSociety NewsletterAdvertising Sales Offices445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08854www.ieee.org/ieeemediaImpact this hard-to-reach audience in their own Societypublication. For further information on product andrecruitment advertising, call your local sales office.MANAGEMENTJames A. VickSr. Director, AdvertisingPhone: 212-419-7767Fax: 212-419-7589jv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgSusan E. SchneidermanBusiness DevelopmentManagerPhone: 732-562-3946Fax: 732-981-1855ss.ieeemedia@ieee.orgMarion DelaneyAdvertising Sales DirectorPhone: 415-863-4717Fax: 415-863-4717md.ieeemedia@ieee.orgPRODUCTADVERTISINGMidatlanticLisa RinaldoPhone: 732-772-0160Fax: 732-772-0161lr.ieeemedia@ieee.orgNY, NJ, PA, DE, MD, DC,KY, WVNew England/South Central/Eastern CanadaJody EstabrookPhone: 774-283-4528Fax: 774-283-4527je.ieeemedia@ieee.orgME, VT, NH, MA, RI, CT,AR, LA, OK, TXCanada: Quebec, Nova Scotia,Newfoundland, Prince EdwardIsland, New BrunswickSoutheastThomas FlynnPhone: 770-645-2944Fax: 770-993-4423tf.ieeemedia@ieee.orgVA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL,MS, TNMidwest/Central CanadaDave JonesPhone: 708-442-5633Fax: 708-442-7620dj.ieeemedia@ieee.orgIL, IA, KS, MN, MO, NE,ND, SD, WI, OHCanada: Manitoba,Saskatchewan, AlbertaMidwest/Ontario, CanadaWill HamiltonPhone: 269-381-2156Fax: 269-381-2556wh.ieeemedia@ieee.orgIN, MI. Canada: OntarioWest Coast/Mountain StatesWestern CanadaMarshall RubinPhone: +1 818 888 2407;Fax: +1 818 888 4907mr.ieeemedia@ieee.orgAZ, CO, HI, NM, NV,UT, AK, ID, MT, WY,OR, WA, CA. Canada:British ColumbiaEurope/Africa/Middle EastHeleen VodegelPhone: +44-1875-825-700Fax: +44-1875-825-701hv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgEurope, Africa, Middle EastAsia/Far East/Pacific RimSusan SchneidermanPhone: 732-562-3946Fax: 732-981-1855ss.ieeemedia@ieee.orgAsia, Far East, Pacific Rim,Australia, New ZealandRECRUITMENTADVERTISINGMidatlanticLisa RinaldoPhone: 732-772-0160Fax: 732-772-0161lr.ieeemedia@ieee.orgNY, NJ, CT, PA, DE, MD,DC, KY, WVNew England/Eastern CanadaLiza ReichPhone: +1 212 419 7578Fax: 212-419-7589e.reich@ieee.orgME, VT, NH, MA, RICanada: Quebec,Nova Scotia,Prince Edward Island,Newfoundland,New BrunswickSoutheastCathy FlynnPhone: 770-645-2944Fax: 770-993-4423cf.ieeemedia@ieee.orgVA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL,MS, TNMidwest/South Central/Central CanadaDarcy GiovingoPhone: 847-498-4520Fax: 847-498-5911dg.ieeemedia@ieee.org;AR, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA,MI, MN, MO, NE, ND,SD, OH, OK, TX, WI.Canada: Ontario,Manitoba, Saskatchewan,AlbertaWest Coast/Southwest/Mountain States/AsiaTim MattesonPhone: 310-836-4064Fax: 310-836-4067tm.ieeemedia@ieee.orgAZ, CO, HI, NV, NM,UT, CA, AK, ID, MT,WY, OR, WA.Canada: British ColumbiaEurope/Africa/Middle EastHeleen VodegelPhone: +44-1875-825-700Fax: +44-1875-825-701hv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgEurope, Africa,Middle East44 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

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