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August 2006Vol. 20, No. 4www.i-LEOS.orgIEEELASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY NEWSFlat Electrowetting OpticsAnswers to 10Questions by the2 Candidatesfor 2007 IEEEPresident-ElectEngineers:Working on YourNetworking Skills

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Basic EW device of sessile droplet/fluoropolymer/electrode.For optical applications,IEEEthe saline is surrounded by density-matchedoil in order to eliminate effects of gravity andLASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY NEWSvibrationPage 6, Figure 1 August 2006 Volume 20, Number 4FEATURESFlat Electrowetting OpticsJason Heikenfeld, Andrew Steckl, Neil Smith,Don Abeysinghe, and Joseph Haus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46DEPARTMENTS6News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12• Answers to 10 Questions by the 2 Candidates for2007 IEEE President-Elect• “Call for nominations” IEEE Nanotechnology Council Awards• “Call for nominations” New IEEE/LEOS Young Investigator Award• Nomination Form• July 2006 ICO NewsletterCareers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22• Memoriam: Henry F. Taylor• Engineers: Working on Your Networking Skills−−−−−++++89Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24• Associate Editor of Europe, Mid-East, and Africa: Kevin Williams• Research Mobility in Europe: Kevin Williams• Networks of Excellence• Marie Currie Actions• Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership• New Senior MembersPublications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34• Call for Papers• IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE)Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28• ECOC 2006 Announcement• LEOS 2006 Exhibitor Contract• Conference CalendarCOLUMNSEditor’s Column………………2President’s Column………………….3August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 1

Editor’sColumnM.Y. LANZEROTTIPlease join me in welcoming Dr. Kevin A. Williams, who isour new Associate Editor of Europe and Africa. Dr. Williamsholds a Marie Curie Chair at the Technische UniversiteitEindhoven and is a Visiting Fellow at the University ofCambridge, UK. Prior to these appointments, Dr. Williamswas a Fellow and Lecturer at Churchill College, Cambridge.His research interests include the design and implementationof switched photonic links, ultrahigh speed laser diodes,amplifiers, and switch fabrics. Dr. Williams received his PhDfrom the University of Bath and was awarded a Royal Societyuniversity research fellowship to study applications of highpower and high speed lasers at the University of Bristol. Hejoined Cambridge University in 2001 and was elected Fellowof Churchill College, Cambridge, in 2003.In this issue, the University Research Highlights article is"Flat Electrowetting Optics," by Jason Heikenfeld, AndrewSteckl, Neil Smith, Don Abeysinghe, and Joseph Haus at theUniversity of Cincinnati, where Prof. Heikenfeld is Director of theNovel Devices Laboratory and Assistant Professor of ElectricalEngineering and Computer Sciences. The website for Prof.Heikenfeld's Research Group is: http://www.ececs.uc.edu/devices.Thank you again for taking the time to read the LEOSnewsletter. We appreciate all of your comments and feedback!Please send comments to myl@us.ibm.com.Executive Office StaffAdministration/ConferenceFax: +1 732 562-8434Publication Fax:+1 732 981-1138Executive DirectorPaul Shumate+1 732 562-3891p.shumate@ieee.orgSenior AdministratorGail Walters+1 732 562-3892g.walters@ieee.orgAdministrative CoordinatorKatrina Edsell+1 732 981-3405k.edsell@ieee.orgConference Activities ManagerKristin Howlett+1 732 562-3894k.howlett@ieee.orgConference AdministratorsChristine Bluhm+1 732 562-3896c.bluhm@ieee.orgMary Hendrickx+1 732 562-3897m.hendrickx@ieee.orgConference Data ServicesCoordinatorSamantha Blodgett+1 732 562-3898s.blodgett@ieee.orgConference ManagementFinancial CoordinatorCheryl Scott-Wright+1 732 562-3899c.wright@ieee.orgPublications ManagerLinda Matarazzo+1 732 562-3910l.matarazzo@ieee.orgPublications CoordinatorsDouglas Hargis (JLT)+1 732 562-6829d.hargis@ieee.orgSylvia Flores (PTL)+1 732 562-3920s.j.flores@ieee.orgYvette Charles (JQE)+1 732 981-3457y.charles@ieee.orgPublications AdministrativeAssistantsClaire Tan-Yan (JSTQE)+1 732 465-5813c.tan-yan@ieee.orgDaphne Moses (PTL)+1 732 562-3893d.moses@ieee.orgEileen Murray+1 732 465-7802e.murray@ieee.orgIEEE Lasers andElectro-Optics SocietyPresidentAlan WillnerUniversity of Southern CaliforniaDept. of EE-Systems/Rm EEB 538Los Angeles, CA 90089-2565Tel: +1 213 740 4664Fax: +1 213 740 8729Email: a.willner@ieee.orgSecretary-TreasurerFilbert BartoliLehigh University19 West Memorial DrivePackard Lab 302Bethlehem, PA 18015Tel: +1 610 758 4069Fax: +1 610 758 6279Email: fbartoli@lehigh.edu;fjb205@lehigh.eduPast PresidentH. Scott HintonUtah State UniversityDean of Engineering4100 Old Main HillLogan, UT 84322-4100Tel: +1 435 797 2776Fax: +1 435 797 2769Email: hinton@engineering.usu.eduExecutive DirectorPaul ShumateIEEE/LEOS445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08855-1331Tel: +1 732 562 3891Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: p.shumate@ieee.orgBoard of GovernorsM. Amann D. HuffakerF. Bartoli H. KuwaharaA.C. Bryce C. MenoniK. Choquette Y. NakanoC. Doerr W. SorinS. Donati R. TkachVice PresidentsConferences– E. GolovchenkoFinance & Administration– S. NewtonMembership & Regional ActivitiesAmericas – S. UnluAsia & Pacific – C. JagadishEurope, Mid-East, Africa – J. BuusPublications – J.J. ColemanTechnical Affairs – N. JokerstNewsletter StaffExecutive EditorMary Y. LanzerottiIBM T J Watson Research CenterRoute 134Yorktown Heights, NY 10598Tel: +1 914 945 1347Fax: +1 914 945 1358Email: myl@ieee.orgAssociate Editor of Europeand AfricaKevin A. WilliamsFaculty of Electrical EngineeringTechnical University of EindhovenPT 12.33P.O. Box 5135600 MB EindhovenThe NetherlandsTel: +31 40 247 4362Email: kevin.williams@ieee.orgAssociate Editor of Asia & PacificHon TsangDept. of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong KongTel: +852 260 98254Fax: +852 260 35558Email: hktsang@ee.cuhk.edu.hkAssociate Editor of CanadaAmr HelmyThe Edward S. Rogers, Sr.Department ofElectrical and ComputerEngineeringUniversity of Toronto10 King's College RoadToronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4Tel: +1 416-946-0199Fax: +1 416-971-3020Email: a.helmy@utoronto.caAssociate Editor of US/South AmericaKaren MatthewsCorning, Inc.SP-PR-02-1Corning, NY 14831Tel: +1 607 974-6706Fax: +1 607 974-1650Email: matthewski@corning.comStaff EditorKatrina EdsellIEEE/LEOS445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08855-1331Tel: +1 732 981 3405Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: k.edsell@ieee.orgLEOS Newsletter is published bimonthly by the Lasers and Electro-Optics Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc., Corporate Office: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY10017-2394. Printed in the USA. One dollar per member per year isincluded in the Society fee for each member of the Lasers andElectro-Optics Society. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NYand at additional mailing offices. 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President’sColumnALAN E. WILLNER“Win, Paul, Win!!”“You can stand tall without standing onsomeone. You can be a victor without havingvictims.” Harriet Woods, American politicianand activist.AppreciationOur exceptional LEOS Executive Director(ED), Dr. Paul Shumate, will be retiringas of Fall 2006 after having led theLEOS Staff since 1999. Paul put hisown unique stamp on LEOS, and he hasbeen of extreme value to our community.Paul will be a tough act to follow,and not just because of his ubiquitousgreen jacket, Powerpoint slides, andjalapeno peppers.Paul has had a very distinguishedcareer. He is internationally recognizedas a technical leader in many fields,most notably being pre-eminent inFiber-to-the-X. Paul held prominentpositions at AT&T Bell Laboratoriesand Bellcore before joining the IEEEStaff. Prior to 1999, Paul’s volunteerservice to LEOS was second-to-none, forwhich he received the 1995 LEOSDistinguished Service Award. Amonghis other activities, he was the VP ofPublications, founding Editor-in-Chiefof IEEE Photonics Technology Letters(PTL), Editor-in-Chief of the IEEEJournal of Selected Topics in QuantumElectronics, and General Co-Chair ofthe Conference on Optical FiberCommunications. As LEOS ExecutiveDirector, he has truly been one of us, akindred spirit who completely understandsour culture.One of Paul’s biggest challenges hasbeen managing LEOS’ budget. Ourfield was at the epicenter of the recenttechnology bubble-and-bust, and LEOSwent from being flush with money tohaving negative budgets. Yet Paulassured the IEEE Finance Committeethat he would put LEOS back in theblack by 2007. Amazingly, he accomplishedthis feat two years earlier thanhe had predicted, achieving a positiveactual finance sheet for 2005. Hewatched our money as if it was his own,shaving a few thousand dollars hereand-therein such a way so as not toreduce any critical member benefits.I consider Paul a friend and a partner,and I will always deeply respectand admire him. Personally, Paul hasbeen a mentor to me since 1989 whenI first asked his advice in his capacityas PTL Editor-in-Chief, and he hasalways pointed me in the right directionever since. Frankly, I wonderwhether I would have been LEOSPresident if not for Paul’s wise counselover the years, and I owe him a greatdebt of gratitude.Below, I want to highlight some ofPaul’s wonderful characteristics fromwhich we can all learn.Attitude is Everything“The real winners in life are the people wholook at every situation with an expectationthat they can make it work or make it better.”Barbara Pletcher, author.I am endlessly impressed by thesincerity and integrity that Paulbrings to every activity. He alwayswants the greater good and is extremelyintellectually honest. He is continuallyhelpful and of wonderful goodcheer, greeting everyone with a friendlysmile. Moreover, he has a “kid-in-acandy-store”mentality about anythingnew, and he infects others with thiscuriosity.Importantly, I have never sensedthat Paul’s opinions are based on hisown personal agenda, but rather onwhat is best for our community. Thisselfless approach makes it easy for Paulto build consensus. Moreover, Paul’sactions speak louder than his words. Heis a do-er, ranging from a strategicvision to the most mundane detailsabout spreadsheets.Isn’t this the kind of person thatmotivates others and is someone youwant on your team? For all of us, Paul isa great role model.(continued on page 10)August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 3

University Research HighlightsFlat Electrowetting OpticsJason Heikenfeld, Andrew Steckl, Neil Smith,Don Abeysinghe, and Joseph HausAbstractA new class of liquid electro-opticsbased on electrowetting is able toreplicate the high performance of solidgeometrical optics. Scaled-down electrowettingoptics can be arrayed inorder to achieve a flat and large areaform factor. Techniques for applyingelectrowetting devices to light valvesand arrayed microprisms are reviewed.Electrowetting light valves (ELVs)reconfigure the geometry of an opaqueoil film in order to modulate lighttransmission. Electrowetting microprisms(EMPs) translate liquid contactangle modulation into prism apexangle modulation, and therefore beamdeflection. Both approaches providecompelling performance improvementswhen compared to existing electroopticaldevices for displays and beamsteering.SalineIntroductionFor several decades, electro-optic devices based on liquidcrystals have enabled flat panel displays [1] and phasedarraybeam steering applications [2]. For liquid crystaldisplays, image quality is now fully satisfactory for evenHDTV, but typical optical transmission efficiency is lowat ~7% (93% of backlight lost). For transmissive beamsteering,fine-angle control can be achieved, but for a singleliquid-crystal plate efficient steering is typically limitedto only several degrees of deflection. Looking forward,the ultimate flat optical element might be one thatcould directly mimic the high performance associatedwith classical geometrical optics. Our working group isdeveloping a new class of liquid-based optics, not usingTHE FLAT ELECTROWETTING OPTICS EFFORT IS LED BYDR. JASON HEIKENFELD, ASST. PROF. OF ELECTRICALAND COMPUTER ENGINEERING,UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATIPHONE: 513 556 4763,EMAIL: HEIKENJC@EMAIL.UC.EDU,WEB: www.ececs.uc.edu/devicesθ 0 − −θ− vθ v− − − − − −Fluoropolymer+ + + + + + + + +Figure 1: Basic electrowetting device of sessile droplet/fluoropolymer/electrode. For opticalapplications, the saline is surrounded by density-matched oil in order to eliminate effects ofgravity and vibration.birefringence like liquid crystals, but using high-speedelectrowetting modulation of saline/oil liquid geometry.A review is provided on recent work at Cincinnati in electrowettinglight valves (ELVs) that achieve >80% transmissionefficiency for displays [3,4], and electrowettingmicroprisms (EMPs) that are capable of >10° of continuousbeam deflection [5].The underlying mechanism for liquid modulation inboth ELVs and EMPs is electrowetting [6]. Basic electrowettingon dielectric behavior is shown in Fig. 1. Asaline droplet and an electrode are separated by a ~1 µmhydrophobic dielectric such as DuPont Teflon AF (amorphousfluoropolymer). Electrowetting of the hydrophobicdielectric occurs as voltage is applied between the dropletand the electrode beneath the fluoropolymer . Removingthe voltage discharges this parallel plate capacitor and thedroplet returns to the dewetted state. Although a conclusivetheoretical model is still an item of debate, for mostoperating regimes it is well accepted that electrowettingmodulation can be predicted utilizing a combination ofLippmann’s electrocapillary equation and Young’s relationfor a three-phase air/saline/fluoropolymer or oil/saline/fluoropolymercontact line:cos(θ v ) = cos(θ 0 ) + 1 2 · ɛ · V2γ · d(1)4 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

Here, θ 0 is the contact angle without externallyapplied electrical potential, θ V is the contact angle at anelectrical potential V, ε is the permittivity of the dielectriclayer beneath the droplet, γ is the saline/air orsaline/oil interfacial surface tension (mN/m), and d is thethickness of dielectric layer. For most systems, this socalledelectrowetting equation is accurate up to the pointof contact angle saturation. For a saline/air system, saturationoccurs at θ V ~50-70º. The RMS voltage for an ACvoltage may be substituted for DC voltage, so long as thebias frequency exceeds the response time for change inmeniscus curvature. Switching speed increases rapidlywith decreasing liquid volume according toτ ∝ (ρ × ν/γ) 1/2 where ρ × ν is the density-volumeproduct [7]. Recently, electowetting inside a carbon nanotubehas been achieved and a ~1ns (GHz) wetting speedwas suggested [8].ELVs for Flat Panel DisplaysTwo types of electrowetting displays have been developedat Cincinnati. The first reported approach utilized lightwave coupling [9]. This is a waveguide approach for displayswhere the electrowetting cells operate as a switchableoptical cladding. In a state of coupling, wave-guidedviolet light is coupled to fluorescent electrowetting oilswhich emit red, green, and blue light at very high intensity(>1000’s cd/m 2 ). The second approach developed atCincinnati is transmissive electrowetting light valves(ELVs) [3,4]. Here an opaque oil acts as a switchable opticalshutter. Only ELVs will be reviewed herein since theyfunction as a spatial light modulator and are of potentiallybroader use than displays.A basic ELV structure is shown in Fig. 2. Details onfabrication of the device have been previously reported[3]. ELVs have a few distinguishing features from otherelectrowetting devices. First, the devices utilize anopaque oil layer. Black oil coloration is achieved by dopingthe oil with a combination of ~3-5 wt.% of red, yellow,and blue chromophores (dyes). Secondly, ahydrophilic grid is added and is permanently wetted bythe polar saline solution (~73 mN/m). This technique forcaging the oil within an individual cell (pixel) using ahydrophilic grid was first proposed by Hayes and Feenstra[10] for reflective electrowetting displays [11]. An ELVdisplay with VGA resolution, would utilize 640x480individual pixels, each pixel having its own volume ofblack oil and defined by the hydrophilic grid.ELV pixels are operated as follows. With no appliedvoltage, interfacial surface tension confines the hydrophobicoil as ~10-100 µm thick film between the saline andthe hydrophobic fluoropolymer. The saline and oil aredensity matched such that gravity and vibration have noeffect upon device operation. This configuration at zerovoltage represents an ELV in the OFF state (minimumtransmission, Fig. 2 left). Various states of optical transmissioncan be achieved by applying voltage to the ELVcell (Fig. 2 right). As the voltage is increased, the oil geometricallyreconfigures to a fraction of its original coveragearea and transmission increases (Fig. 3). This reconfigurationis determined by the saline as it electrowets thefluoropolymer dielectric. The voltage response of theoil/saline contact line is given by the electrowetting equation.As voltage increases, saline contact angle decreases.Therefore the oil, which had an initial contact angle near0° must experience an increase in contact angle (i.e. theoil must switch from a film to a spherical cap geometry).The oil is electrically insulating, experiences no electrowetting,and is simply manipulated by the advancingcontact line for the saline solution. The charge build-upacross the fluoropolymer and repulsion of the oil is analo-Top SealingPlate notShownSalineOFFIncreasing VoltageON1.7 mmSalineTransmissionBlackOilBlackOilHydrophilic GridFluoropolymerTransparent ElectrodeGlass or PlasticSubstratePhotos of ELVs3.4 mmFigure 2: Angled-view diagrams (left/right) and top-view photographs (center) of transmissive electrowetting light valves. Application ofvoltage causes electrowetting of the saline and repulsion of the black oil to a fraction of the pixel area. Adapted from [4].6 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

gous to a loaded spring. In DC operation no power consumptionis required to hold the ELV in any given state oftransmission, and upon grounding the device, the oil rapidly(80% transmission can be achieved [4]. Thedata shows a contrast ratio of 40:1. Higher contrast ratioswill be achieved by improving the chromophore dopingand by optically masking areas with light leakage at 0V.ELVs are capable of achieving switching speeds of ~3 msor faster. For displays, this allows use of field sequentialRGB backlights instead of RGB color-filters. The abilityto generate color without filters, and to transmit light ofall polarizations, results in an ELV panel which is projectedto provide ~20 lm/W efficiency compared to the~2 lm/W for a typical liquid crystal display panel [4].This allows for higher brightness (sunlight legibility) orreduced power consumption (longer battery life) forportable display applications. ELVs are also unique inthat they exhibit Lambertian appearance (transmit allangles, all polarizations).that of water (γ~73 mN/m). Increased salt doping (KCl,LiCl, etc.) in the saline solution is useful because itincreases the refractive power of the solution, and reducesPanel Transmission (%)100806040200.6×1.7 mm Pixels0 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 −12 −14 −16Voltage (V)Contrast Ratio = 40:1Figure 3: Cell transmission vs. voltage for ELVs. Adapted from [4].EMPs for Flat Panel OpticsThe most mature electrowetting technology is that ofliquid-based lenses. Electrowetting lens technology iscurrently being commercialized by Varioptic (France) forapplications such as miniature fast-focus lenses for camera-phones[12,13]. Alternate electrowetting lens formatshave also been demonstrated [7]. These prior effortsin electrowetting optics operate by switching a sphericalsaline/oil meniscus from concave to convex. Lens sizes aretypically limited to ~3 mm diameter, beyond whichgravity begins to become an issue and switching speedslows significantly (>100 ms). To create large area flatelectrowetting optics, a more attractive approach may beto array many small, high-speed, electrowetting elements.Cincinnati and the Univ. of Dayton have recentlydemonstrated electrowetting microprisms (EMPs), a newapproach that utilizes a cylindrical saline meniscus insidea long rectangular channel. Diagrams and photos ofEMPs in operation are shown in Fig. 4. Details on EMPfabrication can be found elsewhere [5]. A completedEMP channel is formed between two sidewalls consistingof fluoropolymer coated electrodes. These sidewallstherefore can function as electrowetting plates. A channelis filled with a saline-liquid with surface tension close toAugust 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 7

the freezing point for operation in cold-environments.Initial experiments use saline liquid only (not saline/oil).Therefore the EMP channel spacing is limited to ~1 mmor less in order to alleviate the effect of gravity on theliquid meniscus curvature.EMP operation requires three electrical connections.For a single EMP, the simplest configuration is two voltagesources attached to the sidewalls and the saline electricallygrounded. As shown in Fig. 4b, 4c, when placedbetween sidewalls at zero-voltage, the saline forms a convexshaped meniscus due to a large saline/fluoropolymercontact angle (θ 0 ~115°). When voltage is applied thesaline electrowets the surface and the contact angle (θ V )decreases. This change in contact angle is directly relatedto change in prism apex angle (ϕ) according to ϕ =|90°θV |. In order to obtain a straight-line meniscus from sidewallto side-wall, the contact angles on both the left andright sides should be inverted about 90° contact, orθ V (right) = 180°-θ V (left). Therefore, some combinationof voltage is always applied to both side-walls. PredictiveChannel Width µm's-mm'sSalineSiAngled-View(a)mm's - cm's0VFluoropolymer(~1 µm)SalineGlass0V 0V 80V 30V60V 60V 50V 70V~1 mm EMP (τ ~ 10 ms)(c)Figure 4: Electrowetting microprisms (EMPS) shown as: (a) angled-view, (b) side view, (c)photos of EMPs in operation. Adapted from [5].Si0V30VSide-View(b)voltage levels for contact angle inversion, and flat menisci,are easily obtained from Eq. 1. In order to illustratepossible steering angles through modulation of EMP apexangle, the angular deviation (δ) of a light beam passingthrough a prism with an index of refraction n>1, apexangle ϕ, and angle of incidence αi (0° in our case) can beexpressed as:δ =α i − φ + sin −1[(n 2 − sin 2 α i ) 1/2 sin φ − cos φ sin α i](3)Eqs. 1 & 3 can be combined to generate theoretically predictedEMP behavior. A theoretical plot of deflection vs.prism apex angle is shown in Fig. 5a. The plot correspondsto a saline refractive index of n=1.36. Experimental resultshave shown up to 14° (~±7°) of total continuous deflectionusing a saline solution of n=1.36. The experimentallyachieved value is marked on the plot. The voltage responsefor deflection is shown as an inset in Fig. 5a. The deflectionrange is limited by the non-ideal phenomenon of electrowettingcontact-angle saturation. Forthese first devices, contact angle saturationlimits the switchable apex angle to~±20° which translates to ~±7° beamdeflection. This steering range is still~7X greater than that typicallyachieved for liquid crystal beam-steeringdevices based on a single-plate optical-phased-array.Also included in Fig.5a is marking of theoretical steeringperformance expected from a saline/oilsystem (instead of saline/air). For thissystem a high index silicone oil is utilized(n>1.55) and low index saline(n90%fill factor should be achievable. Scaledown is also important, since as dis-8 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006φδ80V

Continuous Deflection (2δ,°)6050403020102δ,°161412108642002040 60Voltage (V)80100n saline = 1.36 / n airAchieved ∼14° ( + 7°) −Oil/SalineSystem∼20-40°Salineθ vOil−−−−−Fluoropolymer++++Siδ =10's°SalineOilSiO 2Si SubstrateController00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Apex Angle (φ°)(a)Proposed Arrayed EMPs(τ < 100 µs, FF>90%)(b)Figure 5: (a) Theoretical plot of continuous deflection vs. apex angle and measured continuous deflection vs. voltage (inset). For large apertureinfra-red applications, such at those requiring high laser power, (b) proposed is linear arrays of EMPs integrated in SOI wafers witha fill factor of >90%. Adapted from [5].cussed in the introduction, small size electrowettingdevices are able to operate much faster than large sizedevices. For long-channels, the cylindrical meniscusgeometry needs to be stabilized since a spherical meniscusis energetically favored (minimizes system energy).Techniques have been demonstrated at Cincinnati to stabilizelong EMP channels, and will be reported in futurepublications.ConclusionTwo approaches for creating flat transmissive electrowettingoptics have been presented. The first, electrowettinglight valves (ELVs), provides high transmission efficiency(>80%) and allows transmission of light at anypolarization or incidence angle. The second, electrowettingmicroprisms (EMPs) provides wide-angle steeringcapability that can be extended to linear or concentricarrays. Electrowetting optics may one-day extend tonano-scale diffractive optics and to possible use in guided-waveoptics.AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge technical support for this workby Dr. Paul F. McManamon and financial support fromthe Air Force Research Laboratory.References[1] T. N. Ruckmongathan and N. V. Madhusudana,Liquid Crystal Displays, Handbook of Luminescence,Display Materials, and Devices, Ed. H. S. Nalwa, andL. S. Rohwer, Ch. 7, ISBN: 1-58883-032-2, 2003.SPECIALISTSfor ENGINEEREDFiber Optic CABLESWe're experts in custom cable solutionsbuilt to your specifications:✦ All Wavelengths✦ 3 to 1,000µm Fibers✦ Singlemode & Multimode✦ Polarization Maintaining✦ High Power✦ Reference & Research Grades✦ Industrial & MIL-SPEC✦ Multi-Fiber Assemblies✦ Made in California, USACoastal Connectionssales@coastalcon.com ✦ Phone: (805) 644-5051August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 9

[2] P. F. McManamon, T. A. Dorschner, D. L. Corkum, L.J. Friedman, D. S. Hobbs, M. Holz, S. Liberman, H.Q. Nguyen, D. P. Resler, R. C. Sharp, and E. A.Watson, “Optical Phased Array Technology,” Proc.IEEE 84, pp. 268-298, 1996.[3] J. Heikenfeld and A. J. Steckl, “High TransmissionElectrowetting Light Valves,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.86, pp. 151121-1 – 151121-3, 2005.[4] J. Heikenfeld and A. J. Steckl, “Electrowetting LightValves with Greater than 80% Transmission,Unlimited View Angle, and Video Response,” Soc.Inf. Display Symposium Digest, Vol. 36, pp. 1674-1677, 2005.[5] N. R. Smith, D. C. Abeysinghe, J. W. Haus, and J.Heikenfeld, “Agile Wide-Angle Beam Steering withElectrowetting Microprisms,” Optics Express, Vol.14, Issue 14, pp. 6557-6563, 2005.[6] F. Mugele and J. C. Baret, “Electrowetting: Frombasics to applications,” J. Phys.-Cond. Matt., Vol.17, pp. 705-774, 2005.[7] S. Kuiper and B. H. W. Hendriks, L. J. Huijbregts,A. Hirschberg, C. A. Renders, M. A. J. van As,“Variable-focus liquid lens for portable applications,”Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5523, pp. 100-109 , 2004.[8] J. Y. Chen, A. Kutana, C. P. Collier, and K. P. Giapis,“Electrowetting in Carbon Nanotubes,” Science, Vol.310, pp. 1480-1483, 2005.[9] J. Heikenfeld and A. J. Steckl, “Intense switchablefluorescence in light wave coupled electrowettingdevices,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 86, p. 011105,2005.[10] R. A. Hayes and B. J. Feenstra, “Video-speed electronicpaper based on electrowetting,” Nature 425,pp. 383-385, 2003.[11] More information on reflective electrowetting displaycommercialization can be found at www.liquavista.com.[12] B. Berge and J. Peseux, “Variable focal lens controlled byan external voltage: An application of electrowetting,”European Physical Journal E 3, pp. 159-163, 2000.[13] More information on electrowetting lens commercializationcan be found at www.varioptic.com.President’s Column(continued from page 3)Winning as a Goal“It takes but one positive thought when givena chance to survive and thrive to overpoweran entire army of negative thoughts,” RobertH. SchullerWe’ve all been in meetings in whichpeople offer several reasons as to whysomething cannot be done. These peoplesuck the creative life-force out of theroom. Given that people are naturallyrisk averse, a few well-placed negativecomments are all that is necessary to killa proposed activity.It takes much courage, intelligence,perseverance, and vision to champion anactivity. If you believe in your idea, youmust be its advocate and overcome thenaysayers. On numerous occasions anddespite initial resistance, I have seenPaul take the initiative, stick with it,and produce a golden outcome.SWOT Analyses: “Opportunities”Always Come Before “Threats”“Winning isn’t everything...it’s the onlything.” Vincent van Gogh.I am going to tweak the commonunderstanding of this well-knownquote, and it is probably the mostimportant of Paul’s legacies.Ubiquitous SWOT (Strengths,Weaknesses, Opportunities, andThreats) analyses deal with potential“opportunities” before identifying“threats.” To Paul, new ideas arealways opportunities, and he rarelysees a new scenario as a threat. He isthe master of naturally finding awin-win scenario so that our memberscan benefit. “Winning is … theonly thing” to Paul since, I believe,he simply doesn’t feel threatened byany small possibility of a downside.Perhaps the best example of this attitudeis the manner in which Paul interactswith our key sister societies (e.g.,IEEE ComSoc, OSA, and SPIE). I canattest to the fact that their leaders holdPaul in great esteem for his openness,fairness, insight, and integrity. They trusthim since he is always looking for thewin-win approach. I can’t remember aninstance when he felt that somethingbeneficial for a sister society could bedetrimental to LEOS. This approach alsoapplies to our individual members, forwhom he never felt that dual loyalty tomore than one society was harmful, butjust the opposite – it strengthens our collectiveperspective.Paul, Lots of Good Luck!We all wish you and Randi muchhappiness and health in your retirement.I cannot thank you enough forall that you have done for me and forLEOS. It has been a genuine pleasureand privilege.10 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

ProvenPOWERFULIEEE MemberDigital LibraryThe information you need to succeed canbe at your fingertips when you subscribeto the IEEE Member Digital Library.■ The only way for individuals to access anyIEEE journal or conference proceeding■ Over a million full-text documents■ The latest online research, plus a 50 yeararchive for select titles■ Access to the top-cited publications youneed to make your project a successPower up. Learn more at:www.ieee.org/ieeemdl718-Qd MDL Proven 7x10 .indd 16/26/06 10:12:13 AM

NewsAnswers to 10 Questions by the twoCandidates for 2007 IEEE President-ElectFrom Your NewslettersEditor’s Desk:IEEE Board of Directors selected LewTerman and John Vig to be the twocandidates for 2007 IEEE Pres-Elect.In an effort to better present their platformsand in connections with theupcoming elections, Lew and John,assisted by the TAB NewslettersCommittee have prepared for the readersthe following “Answers to 10Questions by the two Candidates for2007 IEEE President-Elect”.Lew Terman (www.terman.org) canbe contacted at l.terman@ieee.org, andJohn Vig (www.JohnVig.org) can becontacted at j.vig@ieee.org.QUESTION:What are IEEE’s strengths?Lew Terman: The volunteers are perhapsthe most important strength; it istheir enthusiasm, expertise, and timewhich is key to the success of theInstitute.Another major strength is theIEEE’s generation and dispersion ofhigh quality Intellectual Property,including archival publications, conferences/meetings,and standards. It isthis IP which produces the revenuestreams that financially enables theIEEE and create the information flowwhich is so valuable to the technicalcommunity. The IEEE publishes over30% of the published material inIEEE’s fields of interest, and its conferences/meetingsaround the worldenable rapid dispersal of new results, aswell as networking and face-to-facediscussions.A third major IEEE strength isglobalization: RAB’s structure of geographicalbased entities extendsaround the world in over 150 countries,allowing networking and theinterchange of technical information atthe local level.Fourth, the IEEE has recoveredfrom the recent downturn to a strongoverall financial position. Reserves areat an all-time high, though some problemsremain for specific O/Us. Thefinancial performance of the Societiesand Councils has been very important.Finally, the IEEE has an excellentstaff supporting the volunteers andworking with them for the Instituteand its goals.John Vig: The IEEE’s main strengthsinclude:1) That we are a non-profit membershiporganization; we have ~50,000volunteers who contribute to theIEEE’s >350 conferences, >100 journals,>300 sections, >900 standards,>40 societies and councils, etc.2) The breadth and quality of products& services: publications, conferences,workshops, standards, educationalproducts and services, sections,chapters…3) Our diversity – i.e., that we have~360K members, in 150 countries.The membership includes not onlyengineers but also computer/IT professionals,scientists…; men andwomen; members of all cultures...,and that our activities transcendnational borders.QUESTION:What are the majorchallenges facing the IEEE?Lew Terman: Membership has beenessentially flat in recent years, and thenumber of higher grader members hasbeen decreasing. A major problem hasbeen the retention of new graduates,now below 25% three years after graduation.Society membership continuesto decline, and the fraction of IEEEmembers without society membershipis now over 43%. Much of this can beattributed to a perceived lack of valueof IEEE membership relative to itscost. Increased support of membercareer development is important. IEEEmembership will be 50% in Regions7-10 within 10 years with currenttrends; the implications (and opportunities)need to be thoroughly examined.The long-term impact of IEL onmembership could become significant.Open Access is the major long-termquestion for publications - if all publicationsare available for free on the web,the IEEE publication business couldcollapse. Publication timeliness hasbeen a problem, new publications arelaunched too slowly, and there is astrong need for practical publicationsto engage the practitioners/bench-topengineers. Finally, there is the impactof going to full electronic publishingand on what schedule it might occur.While the overall IEEE financialposition is good, there are specificunits with problems; further reductionof the infamous InfrastructureCharge is needed through continualevaluation of the efficiency of ouroperations. With the continuinggrowth of reserves, long term financialplans/goals for the reserves and theiruse must be developed.Finally, the IEEE needs to react tonew technologies faster to claim leadershippositions in these technologies asthey emerge. We must continue oursearch for effective and fair governance.John Vig: How to provide sufficientvalue to justify the membership dues isa major challenge. A growing numberof members who work for institutionswhich provide “free” access to IEEE’spublications and conferences are asking,“I get everything I want fromIEEE for free, so, why should I be amember?”About 80% of IEEE members don’tread IEEE journals on a regular basis.12 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

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News (cont’d)“The articles are by academics, for academics.”Half of IEEE members workin industry. Providing more practicalcontent without diluting the quality ofour publications is a major challenge.Half of IEEE’s revenues result fromthe sale of publications. “Open access,”the worldwide movement to disseminatescholarly research literature online,free of charge, threatens these revenues.QUESTION:What are the majorchanges IEEE needsto be making?Lew Terman: Membership: increase(and actively market) membership benefitsaround the world, broaden thebase of membership such as aggressivelymoving into software, services,applications and solutions. Follow upthe China initiative with similar effortsfor India and Eastern Europe.Publications: establish a faster trackfor new publications, pilot new publicationsthat are more practically-oriented,and establish a reward system forreducing the submission-to-publicationtime. Develop the best searchcapability for technical material, andmake it a membership benefit.Education: the Expert Now programfor continuing education is off to anexcellent start; aggressively push it andmake it available to members.Financial: drive good financialbehavior for Operating Units withreserves by giving them more access tothose reserves – as the ratio of the O/U’sreserves to expenses increases, allowaccess to an increased percentage of thereserves. Continue to work on decreasingthe Infrastructure Charge andincreasing revenues, though not at thecost of making IEEE’s prime goalincreased surpluses/reserves. Develop along-term financial plan/goals for theIEEE reserves.Governance: the current governancestructure is not egregiously broken;continue to work towards streamliningoperations and governmental efficiency.Finally, work across the IEEE majorBoards to establish a spirit of workingtogether, understanding each othersproblems, and working with staff onidentifying and solving tactical andstrategic problems.John Vig: To improve the IEEE’s agility,e.g., with respect to entering newtechnologies, I have proposed that weestablish an IEEE Venture Capital Fund.Any person could propose an idea, and,if the idea is judged to be worthy, receiveup to $100,000 to implement, or showthe feasibility of, the idea.To provide practical content, I haveproposed that we create a new categoryof peer-reviewed publications, “applicationnotes” - which would include“how-to’s,” and case studies; and thatwe digitize many of the ~600 IEEEPress books and make them available tomembers, and members only, for free.The IEEE should be more willing totake prudent risks, and it should bemore willing to terminate unsuccessfulactivities.To explore new ideas, the IEEEshould experiment more – with newmembership models, dues structures,publication models (e.g., new forms ofpeer review), etc.The IEEE needs to improve its communicationswith members. TheInstitute should become a real newspaper,i.e., it should report both the goodand the bad, and it should publish controversialviews, even when such viewsmay displease the leadership.The IEEE should join with otherengineering and scientific organizationsto establish a public relationscampaign to improve the image ofengineering and science.QUESTION:What are some of theimportant challenges facingIEEE as a publisher inservice to its membership?Lew Terman: Issues raised by OpenAccess will need to be anticipated andmanaged. A major implication is to atleast maintain the revenue streamwhich our publications generate. IEEEneeds to help members navigate themass of data available from IEEE, othertechnical publications, and on the web.Practical publications need to be developedwith the collaboration of RABand TAB. Goals for article publicationtimeliness must be set, and rewardsestablished for publications to meet orexceed the goals. Establish a fastapproval track for new publications.Maintain the importance of peerreview. Keep monitoring the possibilityof going to all electronic publishing,and establish when or if it should occurwell before any critical point occurs.John Vig: Open access, the worldwidemovement to disseminate scientificand scholarly research literature online,free of charge is a serious challengebecause half of IEEE’s revenues resultfrom the sale of publications. Google,at www.scholar.google.com and similarservices, now make it easier to findthe free copies of publications. Paperscan be read without having to pay thepublishers.Delayed open access, e.g., makingpublications open access two yearsafter publication, would not be asdamaging. It would allow the IEEE tomaintain most of its publication revenueswhile fulfilling its mission ofbeing “for the benefit of humanity andthe profession.”A frequently heard criticism ofIEEE publications is that they are primarily“by academics, for academics;”they are not useful for practitioners.About half of our membership is fromindustry. If our publications are notuseful for the majority of our members,then we have a serious problem.I have proposed three solutions tothis problem. One is to ask authors toprovide, voluntarily, a “practicalimpact statement” with their papers.The second is to create a new class ofpeer reviewed publications, “applica-14 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

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News (cont’d)tion notes,” and the third is to digitizeIEEE Press books and make themavailable to the membership.The mean time between an author’ssubmission and the date of publicationof an article is too long for some of ourjournals; the delay for five of our journalshas been >120 weeks. This mustnot be allowed to continue, and it neednot continue, as evidenced by the factthat the mean is $160M inreserves. Therefore, we can afford toexperiment.The success of our IEEE ElectronicLibrary (IEL) is hurting membershiprecruitment and retention. (IEL subscribinginstitutions, which includemany of the largest universities andcorporations, provide “free” access toIEEE publications.) I hear more andmore “I get everything I want fromIEEE for free, so, why should I be amember?” Therefore, another experimentI would propose is to offerreduced dues to those working orstudying at a few IEL organizations andmeasure the effects on membershipnumbers.QUESTION:What changes in IEEE wouldyou advocate in responseto quick industrializationand potential IEEE presencein large Asian countries?Lew Terman: The two major Asiancountries of interest are quite differentin technical environment and socialstructure. I believe the current Chinainitiative is appropriate; we need tounderstand the environment and thecurrent approach seems a good firststep. We need a deeper understandingof the specific needs and opportunitiesand how to involve that community toeffectively stimulate IEEE membershipand volunteerism.India is also a key growth area in the21st century, and currently has moreIEEE members than any country outsidethe US. We need to understandwhy they join, and focus on the appropriatemember and technical services tosupport their interest. India has astrong university structure with whichwe should be working.John Vig: IEEE’s presence in largeAsian countries is actual, not just“potential.” For example, in 2005, weheld 59 conferences in China, and a totalof 129 in China, India, Japan and Korea.Our publication sales, in China alone,amounted to ~$5M in 2005. Total salesto the four countries was ~$20M. In2005, our combined membership inthese four countries was ~45K.Although the IEEE has madeinroads in China and India, it is a longway from realizing the potential presencein these and other countries.Membership is too expensive for manyin Asia, Latin America, EasternEurope... We need a membership strategyfor potential members who can’tafford our dues, not just in Asia, but,throughout the world.QUESTION:What do you see as thepower of the IEEE Presidentand how would youexercise this power?Lew Terman: The IEEE Presidenthas three major responsibilities/opportunities:a) Running the Board and ExCommeetings effectively, including settingup the meetings. This is importantas the members of the governingbodies of the IEEE meet for onlya short time, and it is important themeetings be efficient for the mosteffective interaction.b) Providing leadership to theInstitute: setting directions, establishingcommittees and studygroups to get information and siftthrough alternatives, work withthe staff, work with the IEEEBoards and governance levels. It isin this area that the President canhave the most effect. I would focuson bringing the various groups inIEEE together, and on listening totheir input, getting an open airingof issues and suggested solutions,and generating and followingthrough on new ideas.c) “Showing the flag” around theworld, to both IEEE geographies/groupsand non-IEEE entities- geographical, technical andpolitical. The interactions withIEEE groups are very important togenerate mutual understanding,and the interaction with non-IEEEentities is important to present theIEEE and the technical communityit represents, and to understandtheir needs, views, and to understandpossible opportunities.16 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

News (cont’d)John Vig: The president’s duties areto: chair the meetings of the IEEEBoard of Directors, ExecutiveCommittee and Assembly; performceremonial functions such as meetingwith dignitaries, presentation ofawards, opening remarks at conferences,etc.; promote the objectives ofthe IEEE; and be “the Chief ExecutiveOfficer of the IEEE.”I would make maximum use ofthe presidency to advocate the IEEE’sagenda, both within and outsidethe IEEE.I would set at least one lofty (manon-the-moon-like)goal for the IEEE,aimed at inspiring and mobilizing thevolunteers and staff.The Board of Directors has been tooinward-focused. I would propose theestablishment of a council of advisors –consisting of prominent, mostly outsideexperts and leaders – to advise theIEEE leadership.QUESTION:In the 2005 IEEEelections, only 14%of the membershipvoted. What, if anything,would you do to increasemembers’ participationin IEEE elections?Lew Terman: I think what we aredoing this year is pretty good – talkingto the Regions and other entities whichinvite us (with Q&A sessions wheretime permits), sending these 10 questionsto the Newsletters, participatingin the Philadelphia debate and makingavailable recordings of the debate andpresentations of the candidate platformson the IEEE web site, and makingadditional information available onour personal web sites.John Vig: In 1975-77, when a controversialcandidate, Irwin Feerst, ranfor IEEE president, 36% voted. Inthose days, the membership wasmore involved in IEEE issues thanthey are today.Today, the membership is rarelyinformed of controversial issues. Forexample, last year, I received reports ofmeetings where readings from theKoran and Christian prayers were partsof the program. Why not report suchevents and ask the membershipwhether or not such religious expressionsshould be allowed as parts ofIEEE events?“THE INSTITUTE is the newspaperof the IEEE” claims TheInstitute’s website but, The Instituteis more a “house organ” than a newspaper.As president, I would proposeto the Board of Directors, and TheInstitute’s Editorial Board, that TheInstitute become a real newspaper ofthe IEEE.The office holders in IEEE, especiallythe President and the othermembers of the Board of Directors,make decisions about matters thatare important to the membershipand the future of IEEE. Voting in theannual IEEE election is the chancemembers have to choose the decisionmakers. With only 14% voting,7+% of the members can decide thefate of IEEE.QUESTION:What have been yourthree most importantcontributions to IEEE?Lew Terman: In the late 1990’s, Iwas instrumental in the conversionof the Solid-State Circuits Council tothe Solid-State Circuits Society. Thiswas very successful; the SSCS is nowthe 5th largest Society in the IEEE,and the Journal of Solid-StateCircuits records the highest numberof hits in IEL. I served as the firstSSCS president elected by theSociety.In the mid 90’s, IEEE and TABwere going through financial difficulties.I was appointed TAB treasure, stabilizedthe situation and improved thecommunication with TAB, and serveda second term as Treasurer.In 2001, I was on the Board as thebottom fell out of the IEEE financialsituation. As part of a team effort, wewere able to put in place a number ofchanges which arrested the slide.John Vig: My three most importantcontributions are:The IEEE Sensors Council, i.e., Iproposed it, shepherded it through theapproval processes, and was elected itsfounding president, in 1999. In 2005,the Council’s journal published 1500pages, and its conference had >500 registeredparticipants.Between 1999 and 2002, the IEEE’sreserves declined >$50M (>40%), due,in large part, to the decline in the valueof IEEE’s investments. Up to thispoint, the IEEE had no formal investmentpolicy. I wrote the first draft ofthe Investment Operations Manual(IOM), then worked with investmentprofessionals, volunteers and staff tofinalize it and get it passed by theBoard. Contained in the IOM is aninvestment policy which has reducedthe risks and increased the transparencyof IEEE’s investments.I brought what is now the IEEEInt’l Frequency Control Symposiuminto the IEEE. I negotiated thetakeover of this conference by an IEEEsociety (UFFC). This conference is nowthe premier international conference inits field.QUESTION:What would be your singleand most recognized contributionthat will distinguishyour IEEE Presidency fromthose of others?Lew Terman: I would like my presidencyto result in the elimination ofany silos between IEEE operatingunits, and attacking IEEE problemswith coordinated efforts across IEEE.John Vig: The president underwhose leadership innovation flourishedin IEEE.August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 17

News (cont’d)Lewis Termanreceived a Ph.D. inEE from Stanford in1961. He recentlyretired from IBMfollowing a 45 yearcareer in semiconductordevices andLewis M. Termantechnology, digitaland analog circuits, and processor andmemory design. He received 9 majorIBM technical awards including threeCorporate Awards, and was involvedwith a number of product programs.He did two tours of duty on theResearch Division Technical PlanningStaff. He was elected to the IBMAcademy of Technology in 1991 andserved as its president 2001-2003. Heis an IEEE Life Fellow, received theIEEE Solid-State Circuits TechnicalField Award, and is a member of theUS National Academy of Engineering.He was a member of the IEEEBoard of Directors for three years asTAB VP (2001) and Division IDirector (2004-2005). He has been onTAB almost continuously 1990-2005as TAB VP, Division I Director, presidentof the IEEE Electron DevicesSociety and the IEEE Solid-StateCircuits Society, Chair of the TechnicalMeetings Committee, and two termsas TAB Treasurer; he was off TAB in2003 serving as PSPB Treasurer. Hewas editor-in-chief of the IEEE Journalof Solid-State Circuits, and has beenchair of numerous conferences, includingthe ISSCC.John Vig was bornin Hungary. Heimmigrated to theUSA in 1957, andreceived the B.S.degree from theCity College ofJohn R. Vig New York and thePh.D. from Rutgers– The State University, in 1964 and1969, respectively. He has spent hisprofessional career performing andleading R&D in government researchlaboratories – developing high stabilityquartz crystal resonators, oscillators,and sensors.He has been awarded 55 patentsand is the author of more than 100publications, including nine bookchapters.Since 1997, he has been a technicaladvisor to program managers at the USDefense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency (DARPA) for programs rangingfrom micro- and nanoresonators tochip-scale atomic clocks. He is anIEEE Fellow, and is the recipient of theIEEE Cady Award and the IEEESawyer Award. He has been theDistinguished Lecturer of the IEEEUltrasonics, Ferroelectrics, andFrequency Control (UFFC) Society,and he has served as the president ofthis Society.He founded the IEEE SensorsCouncil – which now has a successfuljournal, the IEEE Sensors Journal, anda successful conference. He has servedon the IEEE Board of Directors forthree years. In 2005, he was IEEE VicePresident for Technical Activities.Call for Nominations:IEEE Nanotechnology Council AwardsThe IEEE Nanotechnology Councilis calling for nominations for 3awards to be presented at IEEENANO 2007 in Hong Kong. Allnomination material including referenceletters should reach the NTCawards committee by October 152006. Call for Nominations,Nomination Form and AwardsCommittee Roster can be foundonline at the ARCNN web pagehttp://www.ausnano.net/content/IEEE-NCA. Please send nominations(electronic and one hard copy) withsupporting material to ProfChennupati Jagadish, IEEE NTCAwards Committee, Research Schoolof Physical Sciences and Engineering,The Australian National University,Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia,Email: c.jagadish ieee.orgCall for Nominations:The IEEE LEOS Young Investigator AwardAndrew M. Weiner (LEOS Awards Chair)The LEOS Board of Governors hasapproved a new award – the IEEE LEOSYoung Investigator Award. The intentof this award, which will be given annually,is to honor an individual who hasmade outstanding technical contributionsto photonics (broadly defined)prior to his or her 35th birthday.The award shall consist of a certificateof recognition and an honorariumof $1,000. The funding forthis award is being sponsored by18 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

News (cont’d)General Photonics Corporation.Nomination packages will be dueat the LEOS executive office by 30September. Nominees must be under35 years of age on Sept. 30th of theyear in which the nomination ismade. The award may be presentedeither at the Optical FiberCommunications Conference (OFC)or the Conference on Lasers andElectro-Optics (CLEO), to be selectedby the recipient. The first award willbe presented at OFC or CLEO, 2007.Nomination packages consist of anomination cover page, a statement ofthe nominee’s research achievementsin photonics, the nominee’s curriculumvitae, and three to five referenceletters (to be received at the LEOSoffice prior to the deadline).Please consider nominating anunder-age-35 colleague for the inauguralcycle of this award!For full information about theLEOS awards program look under the“Awards” tab on the LEOS web site(http://www.i-leos.org/)August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 19

News (cont’d)ICO Newsletter July 2006 – Issue 68International Commission for Opticshttp://www.ico-optics.orgICTP Winter College on Quantum and Classical Aspects of Information Optics, 30January –10 February: ReportAmong the many activities that the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) organizes every year, there is animportant activity related to optics and photonics, the Winter College dedicated to relevant subjects with an interest forthe training of young researchers from all over the world, and, in particular, addressed to researchers from less favoredregions. This year the Winter College was dedicated to quantum and classical aspects of information optics, and appearedto be quite successful – to both Organizers and the participants. More information is available at: http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~smr1553Adolph Lohmann 80th Anniversary: Celebrating 50 Years of Information OpticsAdolph Lohmann, professor of physics at the Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Germany), former holder Chair of Applied Optics and former ICO President (term 1978-1981) has celebratedhis 80th birthday. To this unique occasion his colleagues of the University of Erlangen organized a two day internationalbirthday symposium under the lemma: “50 Years of Information Optics”. The celebration was held 7-8 April.Call: The 9th International Conference on OWLS (OWLS9) – NYMU Biophotonics 2006The International Conference on Optics Within Life Sciences (OWLS) is one of the major principal forums for scientists,engineers and research students to exchange topical research and development information and to stimulate discussion onnovel applications and concepts. Following previous OWLS meetings, NYMU Biophotonics 2006, will be an interdisciplinarymeeting devoted to biophotonics and nano-photonics, covering all applications of optics and lasers in the life-sciences,including biology, medicine, environmental sciences, and clinical applications.Further information of OWLS9 is available at: http://www.owls9.com.twNews on Argentinean Territorial Committee: New representativeThe Argentinean Territorial Committee has elected recently a new President for the period 2006-2008: Prof. Hector Rabal,a researcher at the Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CONICET-CIC) and professor at the University of La Plata.Forthcoming events with ICO participation:4-7 September 2006ICO Topical Meeting onOptoinformatics2006/Information Photonics2006Saint Petersburg, RussiaContact: Dr. Alexander V. Pavlov,Pavlov@soi.spb.ruURL: http://ysa.ifmo.ru/tmo2006/26-29 October 20067th Int’l Young ScientistsConference“Optics and High TechnologyMaterial Science SPO 2006”Kiev, UkraineContact: Dr. Viktor O. Lysiuk,lysiuk@univ.kiev.ua13-17 November 2006I Andinean and CaribbeanConference on Optics andits ApplicationsSantiago de Cali, ColombiaContact: Prof. E. Solarte, esolarte@calima.univalle.edu.co27-29 November 20069th International Conference onOptics Within Life Sciences(OWLS9)Taipei, TaiwanContact: Prof. Arthur Chiou,aechiou@ym.edu.tw3-10 December 20068th LAM Workshop on Physicsand Applications of LasersAddis Abeda, EthiopiaContact: A. Asfaw,araya@phys.aau.edu.et6-8 December 20065th International Conferenceon Optics-Photonics Design andFabrications-ODF’06Nara, JapanContact: Prof. Tsuyoshi Hayashi,20 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

News (cont’d)hayashi@pac.ne.jpURL: http://www.odf.jp/in.html12-16 December 20068th International Conference onOptoelectronics, Fiber-opticsand PhotonicsHyderabad, IndiaContact: Prof. D.N. Rao,dnrsp@uohyd.ernet.in17-19 April 2007International WorkshopTechnolaser 2007Havanna, CubaContact: Dr. J.R. Triana, technolaser@ceaden.edu.cu5-7 September 2007International Conference onOptics and Laser Applications-ICOLAYogyakarta, IndonesiaContact: Dr. Sar Sardy,sardy@eng.ui.ac.id25-27 September 2007ETOP 2007Ottawa, CanadaContact: Dr. Marc Nantel,marc.nantel@oce-ontario.org7-11 July 200821st Congress of ICODarling Harbour, Sydney,AustraliaContact: John Love,jdl124@rsphysse.anu.edu.auA more complete version of thisICO Newsletter can be found at:http://www.ico-optics.orgWhat’s New at LEOS!New at the LEOS Annual –Free Short Coursesfor LEOS MembersLEOS is pleased to announce thatShort Course offerings at the LEOSAnnual Meeting will be free of chargefor IEEE LEOS members. Prominenttechnology leaders will provide theattendees with in-depth instructionon a variety of subjects, includingDisplay Technology, and Non-linearImpairments in CommunicationSystems. Do not miss the opportunityto enhance your knowledge, andadvance your research and career goals– join LEOS and attend the shortcourses this year’s LEOS Annualmeeting.For more information about theoffered short courses please visit the conferenceweb site: http:// www.ieee.org/organizations/society/leos/LEOSCONF/LEOS2006/index.htmlAttendees who are not LEOSmembers will have to either pre-registeror register on site and pay theshort course fee to attend and toreceive the short course notes.LEOS members will be charged a$20 fee for each short course’s notes.Those who register should check-inand pick-up their short course notesbefore the course begins. Others willbe seated as space allows.Careers in ResearchForum at LEOS AnnualBuilding a new tradition the 2006LEOS Annual Meeting is pleased toannounce the 2nd “Careers inResearch” Forum. This new initiativehad a very successful start atLEOS 05 in Sydney, Australia. TheForum will take place on Sunday,October 29th and will include a welcomereception.The forum’s charter is to promotecareer awareness among students andyoung researchers in photonics andrelated fields. Attendees will have theopportunity to: listen to the invitedpresentations from academia, industry,and entrepreneurs highlighting milestonesfor achieving success, interactwith the highlighted speakers, presentposter papers of their research.The “Careers in Research” Forumis soliciting submissions from studentsand researchers for poster presentations.In addition to focusing onthe results specific to the individual,the posters may also highlight thebroader research area of the researchgroup. To be considered the summariesshould be submitted as a partof regular papers submission to LEOSAnnual Meeting. The guidelines forposters will be published under “submittinga paper”.August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 21

Career SectionHenry F. Taylor (1940 - 2006)Henry F. Taylor, DistinguishedProfessor of Electrical and ComputerEngineering at Texas A&MUniversity, succumbed to esophagealcancer on April 24, 2006, that wasdiagnosed in October 2005.Born in Ft. Worth, Texas, on 27September 1940, Taylor attendedRice University in Houston, Texasand received the B.A., M.A., andPh.D. degrees in 1962, 1965, and1967, respectively, all in Physics. Hewas employed as a Research Physicistat the Naval Ocean Systems Center(formerly the Naval ElectronicsLaboratory Center) in San Diego, CAfrom 1967 to 1978. From 1978 to1980 he was employed by RockwellInternational in Thousand Oaks, CA,where he was Principal Scientist ofthe Optoelectronics Department ofthe Microelectronics Research andDevelopment Center. From 1980 to1985 he was Head of the OpticalTechniques Branch of the NavalResearch Laboratory in Washington,DC. He joined the ElectricalEngineering faculty at Texas A&MUniversity as a Professor of ElectricalEngineering and Director of theInstitute for Solid State Electronics inNovember 1985. Since 1988 he has heldthe Irma Runyon Chair in ElectricalEngineering. During the summer of1990, he was a Visiting Scientist atNippon Telegraph and Telephone’sOpto-Electronics Laboratory in IbarakiPrefecture, Japan. In 1994 he wasappointed a Member of the Board ofDirectors of Fiber Dynamics, (formerlyFFPI Industries) of Bryan, Texas. In2001, he was promoted to the positionof Distinguished Professor ofElectrical Engineering at Texas A&MUniversity.Taylor’s principal research interestshave been in the fields of fiber optics,integrated optics, and diode laserapplications. He has co-authoredmore than 300 journal articles andconference presentations and held 40U.S. patents. He was awarded a CivilService Commission/Navy fellowshipto study Systems Analysis at theMassachusetts Institute of Technologyduring 1971-72. He also received theNaval Electronics Laboratory CenterAnnual Science Achievement Awardin 1974, the American Society ofNaval Engineers’ Solberg Award forApplied Research in 1975, and theTexas A&M Association of FormerStudents Award For Excellence inResearch in 1991.Since joining the Texas A&M facultyin 1985, he has served asChairman of the Graduate ResearchCommittee for 36 students receivingPh. D. degrees and 32 studentsreceiving M. S. degrees in ElectricalEngineering.Henry F. Taylor was a Fellow of theIEEE and of OSA, a Life Member ofthe American Society of NavalEngineers.Henry is survived by his wifeMelinda, and their three sons Eric,Andrew and Philip, as well as onegrandson.On a personal note, equity, fairness,and plain human decency weredear to Henry’s heart. He was a deepthinker with unwavering convictions,a formidable and respected scientist.His diligence was a key factor inhis success and an inspiration to hisstudents and colleagues. His legacylives on.22 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

Career Section (cont’d)TOOLSEngineers: Work on Your Networking Skillsby Nancy SalimFor many people, networking is simplythe art of schmoozing. But KarenSusman, author of 102 Top DogNetworking Secrets, and keynote speakerfor the recent IEEE online seminar“Networking: How Young EngineersCan Open the Door to MoreOpportunities,” has her own definition.“Networking is building long-lasting,mutually beneficial relationships forexchanging information,” Susman says.In the 90-minute seminar on 16December organized by the IEEEGraduates of the Last Decade (GOLD)group, Susman talked about seven waysto enhance a career by improving networkingskills. An archived version ofthe seminar is available to IEEE membersat http://www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/gold/networking3.html.Susman, who coached engineers onnetworking and presentation skillsbefore she became an author, stressedhow vital networking is to building acareer, regardless of whether you areemployed. “Even if your job is secureand you have more business and projectsthan you can handle, you must network,”she says, adding that there ismuch to learn from your peers and thatnetworking can make you a more valuableresource to your company.She says almost all her business contactshave come from networking. “It’sthe path to 80% of all new jobs andbusiness opportunities,” she says.Stay In TouchKeeping contact with the people youmeet is key to networking, Susmansays. Networking can be mutually beneficial– which is sometimes hard foryoung engineers to understand, shesays. Young engineers might feel theydon’t have much to offer and wouldalways be taking rather than giving.But Susman advises to look for ways togive back – for example, by volunteeringor mentoring.The process is not about selling orpushing yourself on others. It’s actuallyabout the other person. Susman says totake time to learn about others – theirjob, company, and culture. Then youshould take steps to build a relationshipwith them and maintain it, she says.Other potential benefits of networkingare getting information you need,finding new people for a work team,learning new skills, making new friends,and growing personally, Susman says.There is no set time or place for networking.For best results, “network allthe time,” Susman says. Conferences,seminars, social events, field trips, andtrade shows offer excellent opportunities,she says. And don’t overlookchances to network on a train, in a car,or even in an elevator, she adds.Positive FeedbackA survey after Susman’s seminar demonstratedits success: 93% of the 97respondents said they were satisfied.Almost the same percentage said theseminar delivered what they had beenexpecting. Some 45% said they registeredfor the conference because they feltnetworking was relevant to their career.IEEE International GOLD Chair,Darrel Sau Foong Chong, the seminarorganizer and moderator, and aPhD student National University ofSingapore, notes that coordinatingthe seminar took a lot of effort. Buthe found it worthwhile because thoseattending learned just how importantnetworking skills can be fortheir careers.For Chong, the seminar was particularlyvaluable because, he says, helearned how to improve his leadershipskills and got tips on how to network indifferent cultural settings.Other participants said the prospectof gaining new business or new clientswas the best benefit of networking.Aaron Schroeder, an IEEE memberand a coordinator with the Departmentof Infrastructure and Transportation forthe city of Calgary, Alta., Canada, seesseveral good reasons for networking. Itis important for exchanging informationand getting new clients, saysSchroeder, who participated in theseminar.You can establish contacts who canprovide information and resources thatmay not be available within your company,”he continues. “And you can offerservices to others outside the companyas well as discover potential clients.”For another participant, IEEEMember, Anand S. Gharpure, a researchand development engineer in Nashik,Maharashtra, India, the most importantthing he learned about networking isthat it can bring people together toachieve what one person alone cannot.“To grow, to develop, to expand yourabilities, you should meet new peopleand share your experiences,” Gharpuresays. “This will definitely help you inone way or another.”For more information, read Susman’s“Tips for Networking.”This article in the Career Section is gratefullyreprinted from The Institute, February2006 issue.August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 23

Membership SectionAssociate Editor of the Europeand Africa Region: Kevin WilliamsIt is a pleasure to introduce myselfin the capacity of the new associateeditor for Europe and Africa. Thisregional mandate is a particularlyexciting one as it gives the opportunityto bring activities with adistinctly local flavour to the attentionof the international Newsletterreadership. The diversity acrosseven the European research is considerablewith the range of languages,cultural identities, andworking arrangements. This issomething that can be very muchappreciated by moving to work in anew country, and with my ownrecent appointment at theTechnische Universiteit Eindhovenin the Netherlands, this is somethingI am very much enjoying atfirst hand.Previously I had been with theUniversity of Bristol where Iworked on high speed semiconductorlasers with the support of aRoyal Society university researchfellowship. Subsequently I movedto the University of Cambridgewhere I was elected to a fellowshipat Churchill College. My researchinterests diversified into a range ofactive photonic components forhigh capacity data links and reconfigurableoptical links. A particularinterest being the development ofreconfigurable photonic switchesand subsystems to facilitate lowlatency and high end to end capacityin data networking.The appeal to move to a newcountry has been multifaceted.From a professional perspective, theincreasingly global nature of technologicaland scientific researchmeans that it has become commonplacefor international networksKevin Williamsand teams of researchers to worktogether on multidisciplinary challenges.For the researcher, theopportunities are there to shareexperiences, promote interests,acquire cutting-edge-skills, participatein world-class research teams,and even gain access to unique clusteredinfrastructure. The opportunityto bring expertise to bear in anew field, and develop new techniquescan be highly stimulating.From a personal perspective, thechance to explore a new culture andlandscape, hone a new language,and make new acquaintances is particularlyrewarding.Now my work is supported by aMarie Curie Chair, an action fundedby the European Union 6th frameworkprogramme specifically devisedto enable and promote researchermobility http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp6/mariecurie-actions/action/level_en.html. The programme alsooffers funding for PhD study andpost-doctoral fellowships through toresearch team leaders with the twinaims of promoting research excellenceand researcher mobility to or withinEurope. These schemes should alsoplay a significant role in the up-coming7th framework programme, so dokeep an eye open for calls for applicationsand proposals if this is somethingof interest to you.In my own case, I have been ableto complement the interest I havedeveloped in the area of broadbandoptical switching at the Universityof Cambridge, where I am aVisiting Fellow, with the expertiseand facilities at the TechnischeUniversiteit Eindhoven, to explorenew forms of photonic integratedcircuit. Within this issue I continuethe theme of mobility, with anarticle addressing opportunities forresearcher offered by the relativelynew concept in Europe of theNetwork of Excellence, with theparticular example of ePixNet,within which I take part in the staffexchange program. Should you havesuggestions for future topics youwould like to see covered in theNewsletter, please do contact me atkevin.williams@ieee.org.Comments on the features includedwill be equally well received.Researcher Mobilityin Europe:Networks of ExcellenceNetworks of Excellence are becomingincreasingly prominent at conferencesand exhibitions, and arehaving an increasing influence onthe nature of collaborative researchwithin Europe. Launched within the6th framework of the EuropeanUnion, their raison d’être has beento strengthen research by gatheringthe critical mass of resources andrequired expertise to provide leadershipin a given field http://cordis.europa.eu/fp6/instr_noe.htm.A particularly exciting aspect to the24 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

Membership Section (cont’d)work of these networks has been thepromotion and funding of researchermobility between partner institutesand the development of mechanismsfor future access to highly specialisedfacilities.ePIXnet www.epixnet.org is onesuch Network of Excellence with aparticular research focus on photonicintegration. The partnershipcomprises 19 Universities, 16industrial and research organisations,and 18 affiliate members,including one recently joining fromTaiwan. The nature of the collaborativeresearch has ranged from thedesign, fabrication and assessmentof novel integrated and integrateablecomponents, exploring routesto technologies for photonic VLSI,nanophotonics, advanced materials,integrated light sources and ultrawideband photonic signal processingas indicated in the mosaic.The Researcher Exchange programmesare particularly importantinstruments to facilitate sustainableresearch integration with the networkspromoting such activities bymeeting additional incurred costs,and through providing a formalresearch framework. Since theinception of ePIXnet in September2004, over sixty junior researcherexchanges and eight senior staffexchanges have been confirmedwithin the one network.Junior researchers, typically PhDstudents or young post-docs, stay forseveral weeks to several months at apartner institute with complementaryknow-how and skills to both gainexperience with the facilities and getto know the researchers. Thisensures effective collaboration afterwards.These exchanges have beenconsidered to be very fruitful by theresearchers involved and have commonlylead to research breakthroughsand joint publicationswhich would not have otherwisebeen possible. In one of the first collaborationsfor example, PascualMuñoz at the UniversidadPolitecnica de Valencia was able toput into practice his work on thedesign and modelling of arrayedwaveguide gratings through a sixmonth stay at the COBRA researchinstitute in the Netherlands. A setof optical integrated circuit designsto compress highly dispersed opticalpulses where implemented, with theaim of enabling ultra fast (THz) datatransmission. The exchange ofdesign and modelling expertise andthe complementary activities of lasermodelling and mask design and fabricationexpertise providing a particularlyfruitful exchange. Learningthe fundamentals of mask layoutdesign brought the theory closer topractice and the meeting researchersand working in the research groupsdirectly provides an excellent basisfor future collaboration.Senior staff exchanges have similarlybeen facilitated, and in thiscase the intention has been todevelop long-lasting collaborationbetween two partner institutionson a research and educational basis.These have ranged from facultymembers spending prolonged periodsof time at a partner institutionto regular visits in which collaborativeresearch programs aredevised and PhD students are cocoached.The involvement of industry isconsidered to be mandatory in thearea of photonic integration technologywhere investment costs are particularlyhigh. A number of industrialpartners are directly involved inthe research activities and theresearch integration activities of thenetwork, ranging from manufacturersof photonic integrated circuits,system developers, component manufacturersand tool providers. Thereare many more companies that couldpotentially exploit the research onphotonic integrated components andsystems and an Industrial Workshopwas held to engage with companiesoutside of the network to provideexposure to the network activitiesand invited them to become affiliatepartners. The focus was on the affordabilityof wafer fabrication for themanufacturing of photonic integratedcomponents, with objectivesincluding the discussion of the futureof photonic integration and in particularthe affordability of photonicintegration technology with as manyactors as possible. Representatives ofthe MIT Photonic Roadmap group,the US Optoelectronics IndustryDevelopment Association OIDA, andthe European Photonics IndustryConsortium (EPIC) contributed withpresentations about the work of theirorganizations. Finally there was also apresentation about shared access tofoundry services in silicon microelectronics.Educational programs are beingdeveloped to engage with thewider academic community. Thewinter school in Pontresina,Switzerland, has provided a forumfor researchers to engage withexpects in the field in a more intimateresearch environment and todiscuss their own work in informalsurroundings. New internationalbachelor and master programs arealso under development amongstacademic partners in the network,the first result of this being theErasmus Mundus: Masters inPhotonics.For the longer term, networksare striving to facilitate bothdurable personal and organizationalrelationships. Efforts are thereforeunderway to devise economicallyviable research platformsbased on high value infrastructureand the associated non-trivialknow-how amongst the networkpartnership to make cutting-edgefacilities available to a widerresearch base.August 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 25

Membership Section (cont’d)Researcher Mobility in Europe: Marie Curie ActionsThe name Marie Curie has become synonymousin the European research communitywith researcher mobility andtraining. These mobility initiatives wereinitially targeted at post-doctoralresearchers wishing to relocate withinEuropean Union (EU) member states,but the 6th framework research programhas extended participation to a broadercross-section of the international researchcommunity.Researcher mobility is considered tobe an important instrument in helpingto improve the quality and quantity ofresearch training. European policy makerscite enhanced dissemination, collaboration,improved use of resources, andfluidity in the labor market as mechanismsto enhance the attractiveness andcompetitiveness of research. At the individualresearcher level, it is sought toenhance career prospects and to attractmore graduate students into researchcareers. At the organization level, thedevelopment and transfer of researchexpertise is sought along with improvedvisibility and excellence in Europeanresearch. The schemes supported by the6th framework are summarized in theschematic diagram.European organizations includinguniversities, research institutes and privatecompanies are able to apply forfunding to host and support researchers.Host fellowships for early stageresearchers provide for structured training,most typically through doctoralstudy. Research training networks comprisethree or more institutions from differentcountries offering scientific andcomplementary training and transfer ofknowledge within the context of a collaborativeinternational research project.The conference and training courseactions fund organizations to hold conferencesand training courses for thebenefit of Marie Curie researchers. Forinstitutions to host more experiencedresearchers, the transfer of knowledgeactions allow for the secondment ofresearchers with specialized knowledge4 Years of moreExperienceor with a PhDLess than 4 YearsExperienceTeamsIntra-EuropeanFellowshipsChairswith two main objectives. The developmentscheme prioritizes institutions inless favored regions of the EU and alsocandidate countries for EU membership,while the industry-academia strategicpartnership supports long-lasting collaborationsbetween enterprises anduniversities.The researcher may apply directly forpositions at host institutions which haveresulted from successfully reviewed MarieCurie project proposals. Alternatively,more experienced researchers have theopportunity to prepare a joint applicationwith the institution of their choice andsubmit this directly to the EuropeanCommission for assessment and peerreview.A “bottom-up” program ethosallows for study across a range of fieldsfrom science through to the social sciences.Inter-disciplinary and intersectoralresearch is particularly encouraged.Individual fellowships encourageresearchers to attain professional independence,build international collaborationsand also recognise their scientificachievement. The intra-European fellowshipscontinue to allow for mobilityat the experienced researcher or postdoctorallevel.International mobility into and outof Europe is also supported. Incomingfellowships are open to applicantswishing to work at a European institution,while the outgoing counterpartprovides the security of a return phaseappointment for researchers undertakinga period of research outside ofEurope. Reintegration programs aresimilarly available to ensure smoothercareer progression for mobileresearchers wishing to return to theirhome country after a period abroad. Atthe top end of the experience scale,excellence grants provide a challengingopportunity for researchers wishing tobuild-up their own research team whilethe Chair appointments enable highlevelresearchers to pass on knowledgeto the younger generation ofAwardsInternationalFellowshipsHost Fellowships forTransfer of KnowledgeDevelopmentSchemeIndustry-AcademicPartnershipResearch Training NetworksConferences and Training CoursesHost Fellowships for Early-StageTraining andExcellenceTransfer ofKnowledgeEarly StageTrainingIn this schematic diagram, the schemes supported by the 6th framework arebeing summarized.26 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

Membership Section (cont’d)researchers. Excellence awards are alsoincluded in the program to recognizethe achievements of researchers whohave benefited from training andmobility schemes.The calls for research proposals arepublished on annual basis towards theend of the year and are published in theOfficial Journal of the European Unionand on the Commissions’ Web Pagehttp:// europa.eu.int/mariecurie-actions.Opportunities arising from institutiondrivenactions being advertised by thehost institution themselves. The imminentlaunch of the 7th research frameworkis expected to further develop manyof these mobility actions. If interested, docheck the definitive and extensive informationpacks for eligibility and details asthey appear on-line towards the end ofthe year.Marie Curie (1867-1934), a Polish national who moved to Paris to pursue her interest in science, provides a striking role modelfor researcher mobility. After completing her doctoral thesis in 1903, she became the first woman professor at the Sorbonne in1906 and the first person to be awarded the Nobel prize twice. The first time, jointly with Henri Bequerel and her husbandPierre Curie, for Physics (1903) in recognition of her research into radiation and subsequently on her own for Chemistry (1911)for the discovery of Radium and Polonium.Benefits of IEEE Senior MembershipThere are many benefits to becoming an IEEE Senior Member:• The professional recognition of your peers for technical and professional excellence• An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display.• Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership.• A letter of commendation to your employer on the achievement of Senior member grade(upon the request of the newly elected Senior Member.)• Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices.• Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions.• Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants.• Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications.The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are, a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, technicalexecutive or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in professional practice for at least ten yearsand shall have shown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years.”To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version. Formore information or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website:http://www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.htmlNew Senior MembersThe following individuals were elevated to Senior Membership Grade thru July:Dechang AnSaeed AssadiPierre S. BeriniDavid J. BradyLawrence ChenChing K. ChiaMarc P. ChristensenTracy S. ClementMarc CurrieMarcus DuelkDaniel P. FotyAlexei GlebovIan D. GoepfertRobert W. HerrickRobert K. HickernellMartin HuJanice A. HudgingsIsabelle HuynenCharles N. IronsideXiaomin JinWayne A. JonesSubal KarSteven W.KerchbergerDiaa Abdel-Muguid KhalilPeter A. KrugLars LadingDaan LenstraGuifang LiJinghui LiAndy Lock Yen LowLijun MaAnimesh MaitraRichard P. MirinMoshe NazarathyNathan R. NewburyMorten NissovThomas R. O’BrianLoukas ParaschisDouglas J. PaulEdik U. RafailovValluri R. RaoMansoor A. SaifiAndrew M. SaranganPing ShumWilliam J. SiskaninetzKumar N. SivarajanYu SunGregory L. TangonanMarek S. WartakPeter WinzerLianshan YanPaul D. YoderSoon F. YoonAugust 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 27

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Conference SectionIEEE-LEOS Workshop in conjunction with ECOC’06As since 5 years now, there will be a halfdayworkshop on photonic start-ups onSunday September 24, 2006, i.e. Sundaypreceding the 32nd EuropeanConference on Optical Communications(http://www.ecoc2006.org/), to beheld in Cannes on 24 - 28 September2006. This workshop will be organizedby involvement of the IEEELEOS French Chapter (http://leosfr.enst.fr/).The workshop scheduled from 14:00to 18:00, including time for breaks anddebates.“Start-Up in New Optical Segments”Place: “Palais des Festivals et desCongrès de Cannes”Chairs : Thierry Georges, Oxxius andPhilippe Gallion, Ecole NationaleSupérieure des Télécommunications(ENST/CNRS, LTCI) and IEEE/LEOSFrench Chapter.Objective:The objective of this workshop is to discussthe new sectors of development forphotonic start-ups, including diversificationoutside the telecommunicationsegment. The case of both pre-bubbleand recent start-ups will be analyzed.• Is diversification key to survive orto build a new business?• Is diversification not in contradictionwith the focusing required byinvestors?• What are the major diversificationsectors?• And finally, are venture capitalcompanies ready to invest again inphotonic start-ups?These questions will be debated byinvited speakers and attendees.The workshop is targeted at allphotonic engineers and scientistswith entrepreneurial interest andinvestors and venture capital companieswho want to learn more aboutthis sector.Workshop Preliminary Program• Welcome and Introduction• Session 1: Experiences, Reports andLessonsSeveral start-ups from differentcountries will report on theirexperience on formation andfunding in the post bubbleperiod or in the survival acrossthe post bubble period.Coffee Break• Session 2: Panel Discussions andFuture DirectionsPanel discussion between venturecapital companies andyoung start-ups looking aheadfor funding, exchanging mutualexpectations and strategiesWrap up and future directions• ConclusionsNice promenade on “La Croisette” suggestedbefore dinnerConferences through 31 December 2007 For further informationplease see the LEOS conference calendar at www.ieee.org/leosInternational Conference onOptical MEMS (MEMS 2006)Conference Dates:21-Aug-2006 to 24-Aug-2006Huntley Lodge, Big Sky,Montana USAConference URL:www.i-leos.orgConference E-mail:c.bluhm@ieee.orgAsia-Pacific OpticalCommunications Conference(APOC 2006)Conference Dates:3-Sept-2006 to 7-Sept-2006Kimdaejung Convention Center,Gwangju, KoreaConference URL:http://www.apoc2006.orgConference E-mail:dwpark@wow.hongik.ac.kr12th Microoptics Conference(MOC 2006)Conference Dates:10-Sept-2006 to 14-Sept-2006Grand Hilton Seoul, KoreaConference URL:http://www.pof-moc2006.com/Conference E-mail:moc@pof-moc2006.com2006 Numerical Simulation ofOptoelectronic Device (NUSOD 2006)Conference Dates:11-Sept-2006 to 14-Sept-2006Nanyang Executive Centre, NanyangTechnological University, SingaporeConference URL: http://www.nusod.orgConference E-mail: piprek@ieee.orgAvionics, Fiber-Optics and PhotonicsTechnology Conference (AVFOP 2006)Conference Dates:12-Sept-2006 to 14-Sept-2006Sheraton Annapolis Hotel,Annapolis, MD USAConference URL: www.i-LEOS.orgConference E-mail: c.bluhm@ieee.org3rd International Conference onGroup IV Photonics (GFP 2006)Conference Dates:13-Sept-2006 to 15-Sept-2006Crowne Plaza Ottawa Hotel,Ottawa, CanadaConference URL: www.i-LEOS.orgConference E-mail:m.hendrickx@ieee.orgInternational Semiconductor LaserConference (ISLC 2006)Conference Dates:17-Sept-2006 to 21-Sept-2006Waikoloa Beach Marriott,Waikoloa, Hawaii32 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

Conference Section (cont’d)Conference URL:http://www.i-LEOS.orgConference E-mail:c.bluhm@ieee.orgSymposium on Optical FiberMeasurements (SOFM 2006)Conference Dates:19-Sept-2006 to 20-Sept-2006NIST (US Department ofComerse Boulder Laboratories,Boulder, CO USAConference URL: www.i-leos.orgConference E-mail:drapela@boulder.nist.gov32nd European Conferenceon Optical Communication(ECOC 2006)Conference Dates:24-Sept-2006 to 28-Sept-2006Palais des Festivals,Cannes, FranceConference URL:http://www.ecoc2006.orgConference E-mail:ecoc2006@see.asso.fr2006 International Topical Meetingon Microwave Photonics (MWP)Conference Dates:3-Oct-2006 to 6-Oct-2006Chambre de Comerse et d’Industrie,Grenoble, FranceConference URL:http://www.mwp2006.orgConference E-mail:mwp@mwp2006.orgInternational Symposium onBiophotonics, Nanophotonics andMetamaterialsConference Dates:16-Oct-2006 to 18-Oct-2006Zhejiang University, ZijingangCampus, Hangzhou, Zhejian,PR ChinaConference URL:www.kth-zju.org/bionanometaConference E-mail: erikf@zju.edu.cnEOS Annual Meeting 2006 (EOS 2006)Conference Dates:16-Oct-2006 to 19-Oct-2006Paris Expo – Porte de Versailles,Paris, FranceConference URL:http://www.myeos.org/parisConference E-mail:kramprich@myeos.orgPhotonics in SwitchingConference Dates:16-Oct-2006 to 18-Oct-2006Capsis Beach Hotel, Aghia Pelagia,Herakleion, GreeceConference URL:www.ps2006.grConference E-mail:astavdas@uop.grOptical Fiber Sensors Conference(OFS-18)Conference Dates:23-Oct-2006 to 27-Oct-2006Gran Melia Cancun ConventionCenter & Spa Resort,Cancun, MexicoConference URL:www.osa.org/ofs-18Conference E-mail:alexis.mendez@mchengineering.comIEEE LEOS 19th Annual Meeting(LEOS 2006)Conference Dates:29-Oct-2006 to 2-Nov-2006Hilton Montreal Bonaventure,Montreal, Quebec, CanadaConference URL:http://www.i-LEOS.orgConference E-mail:leosconferences@ieee.org5th International Conferenceon Optics-Photonics Design& Fabrication (ODF 2006)Conference Dates:6-Dec-2006 to 8-Dec-2006Nara-Ken New Public Hall,Nara, JapanConference URL:http://www.odf.jp/index.htmlConference E-mail:hayashi@pac.ne.jpConference on Optoelectronicand Microelectronic Materialsand Devices (COMMAD 2006)Conference Dates:6-Dec-2006 to 8-Dec-2006The University of Western Australia,Crawley (Perth), AustraliaConference URL:http://www.commad06.ee.uwa.edu.auConference E-mail:COMMAD06@ee.uwa.edu.auInternational Conference onComputers and Devices forCommunication (CODEC 2006)Conference Dates:18-Dec-2006 to 21-Dec-2006SINP Convention Centre, Kolkata,West Bengal, IndiaConference URL:www.irpel.org/phpfiles/codec-06.phpConference E-mail:codec2006@yahoo.comInternational Conference onIndium Phosphide RelatedMaterials (IPRM 2007)Conference Dates:18-May-2007 to 21-May-2007Kunibiki Messe, Matsue,Shimane, JapanConference URL:http://www.iprm.jp/index.htmlConference E-mail:miya@pe.titech.ac.jp2007 IEEE/LEOS InternationalConference on Optical MEMSand Their Applications (MEMS 2007)Conference Dates:19-Aug-2007 to 23-Aug-2007The Grand Hotel,Taipei, TaiwanConference URL:http://www.i-LEOS.orgConference E-mail:kcchan@mx.nthu.edu.twIEEE LEOS 20th Annual Meeting(LEOS 2007)Conference Dates:21-Oct-2007 to 25-Oct-2007Wyndham Palace Resort& Spa, LakeBuena Vista, FL USAConference URL:http://www.i-LEOS.orgConference E-mail:leosconferences@ieee.orgAugust 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 33

Publication SectionCall for PapersIEEE JOURNAL OFSELECTED TOPICS INQUANTUM ELECTRONICS —Call for Papers1. Optical Micro- and Nano-systemsSubmission Deadline: 1 September 2006Publication Date: Spring of 2007Guest Editors: Joseph Talghader,University of Minnesota, USA;Olav Solgaard, Stanford University,California, USA; and Lih Lin,University of Washington, USA.2. Semiconductor LasersSubmission Deadline:31 October 2006Publication Date: Mid 2007Primary Guest Editor: Prof. LarryColdren, University of California atSanta Barbara, CA, USA; Guest Co-Editors: Prof. Fumio Koyama,University of Tokyo, Japan; and Prof.Anders Larsson, Chalmers Universityof Technology, Sweden.3. Progress in Solid-State,Fiber, and Tunable SourcesSubmission Deadline: 1 November 2006Publication Date: First half of 2007The purpose of this issue of JSTQE isto document recent advances in areasof solid state and fiber laser technologyand the incorporation of theselasers in UV – THz tunable sources.Broad technical areas include (but arenot limited to):• Laser gain materials (ceramics,crystalline, fiber)• High-power lasers and laser systems(UV, VIS, IR)• Diode pump sources and pumpingschemes• Continuous-wave and pulsed lasers• Tunable lasers & OPOs operatingin UV-THz regions• Eye safe lasers and lidar systems• Mid- & far-IR solid state lasers- Advances in laser components- Laser efficiency enhancement• Frequency conversion (materials, harmonicgeneration, Raman, OPOs)• Novel resonator and cavity designs- Mitigation of thermal effects- Compact laser devices andminiaturization- High-speed modulation materialsand devices- Beam steering and transport• Improving laser system reliability• Space, flight, and field ruggedizedof laser systemsGuest Editors: Ramesh Shori,UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Kenneth Schepler, Wright PattersonAir Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA;and Andy Clarkson, University ofSouthampton, UK.4. Optical Code in OpticalCommunications and NetworksSubmission Deadline: 1 December 2007Publication Date: Fall of 2007The purpose of this JSTQE issue is todocument the state-of-the-art and thevariety of developments in the field.Papers are solicited on:• Generation and recognition techniquesof optical codes based uponeither amplitude-shift or phaseshiftkeying codes, 2-D timespreadingand wavelength-hopping,sub-carrier multiplexing,frequency-shift keying etc.• Optical code-division multipleaccess(OCDMA) systems• Optical code (OC)-based Multi-Protocal Label Switching (MPLS)• Optical burst switching usingOC-control packet• Optical packet switching usingOC-header• Optical code processing techniquesfor novel applications• Monolithically integrated photonicdevices for OCDMA systemsGuest Editors: Ken-ichi Kitayama,Osaka University, Japan; and S. J.Ben Yoo, University of California,Davis, USA.5. Single Photon Counting:Detectors and ApplicationsSubmission Deadline:2 January 2007Publication Date: Summer of 2007The intent of this JSTQE issue is todocument the current status of singlephoton detectors for the infrared, visible,and ultraviolet spectral ranges, aswell as the various applications of thesedetectors. Relevant device technologyinclude:• Photomultiplier technologies• Avalanche photodiodes and othersemiconductor-based single photondetectors• Superconducting photon detectors• Reduced dimensionality andother novel structures for singlephoton detection• Threshold detection and quenchingcircuits for photon countingApplications for single photon detectioninclude:• Single photon fluorescence andluminescence techniques• Optical tomography• Quantum information processingand quantum cryptography• Free space optical communicationsbased on single photontransmission• Long-distance time-of-flightranging and imaging techniques• Adaptive optics systems foradvanced telescopes• Single photon detection innuclear and particle physics• \Single photon metrology34 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER August 2006

Publication Section (cont’d)Guest Editors: Dr. Mark Itzler,Princeton Lightwave Inc., Cranbury,NJ, USA; Prof. Sergio Cova,Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;Dr. Michael Wahl, PicoQuantGmbH, Berlin, Germany; and Dr.Akihisa Tomita, NEC, Ibaraki,Japan.Please send a .pdf or Word File ofeach manuscript (including keywordsand author biographies) toChin Tan-yan at c.tan-yan@ieee.org.Manuscripts must be accompaniedby a completed IEEE CopyrightForm, which can be sent in the mailor by e-mail. The Copyright Formcan found online at: http://www.ieee.org/about/documentation/copyright/cfmlink.htm.Additional information for authorsregarding manuscript format may befound on the inside back cover of anyissue of the IEEE Journal of SelectedTopics in Quantum Electronics. Allsubmissions will be reviewed inaccordance with the journal proceduresof the Journal.All copyright forms should be mailedto: Chin Tan-yan (Ms.)JSTQE Editorial Office Optical Code inOptical Communications and NetworkIEEE/LEOS445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854 USAExpress mail packages should be sentto the attention of Chin Tan-yan(phone: +1 732 465 5813). Call or e-mail to c.tan-yan@ieee.org if youhave questions about this issue.For all papers published inJSTQE, there are voluntary pagecharges of $110.00 per page for eachpage to eight pages. Invited paperscan be twelve pages in length beforeoverlength page charges of $220.00per page are levied. The length ofeach paper is estimated when it isreceived in the Editorial Office.Authors of papers that appear to beoverlength are notified and given theoption to shorten the paper.Additional charges will apply if colorfigures are required.For more information on JSTQEspecial issues and submission requirements,contact Chin Tan-yan at c.tanyan@ieee.orgVisit the LEOS web site formore information:www.i-LEOS.org“Nick” Cartoon SeriesAugust 2006 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 35

ADVERTISER’S INDEXThe Advertiser’s Index contained in this issue iscompiled as a service to our readers and advertisers.The publisher is not liable for errors or omissionsalthough every effort is made to ensure itsaccuracy. Be sure to let our advertisers know youfound them through the IEEE LEOS Newsletter.Advertiser’s Index . . . . . . . . . . .Page #R Soft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CVR2Third Millenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Luna Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Tempo Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Coastal Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9IEEE MDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11MathWorks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13IEEE Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Optiwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CVR3General Photonics . . . . . . . . . . . CVR4LEOS Mission StatementLEOS shall advance the interests of its membersand the laser, optoelectronics, and photonicsprofessional community by:• providing opportunities for informationexchange, continuing education,and professional growth;• publishing journals, sponsoring conferences,and supporting local chapterand student activities;• formally recognizing the professionalcontributions of members;• representing the laser, optoelectronics,and photonics community and servingas its advocate within the IEEE, thebroader scientific and technical community,and society at large.LEOS Field of InterestThe Field of Interest of the Society shall belasers, optical devices, optical fibers, andassociated lightwave technology and theirapplications in systems and subsystems inwhich quantum electronic devices are keyelements. The Society is concerned with theresearch, development, design, manufacture,and applications of materials, devicesand systems, and with the various scientificand technological activities which contributeto the useful expansion of the fieldof quantum electronics and applications.The Society shall aid in promoting closecooperation with other IEEE groups andsocieties in the form of joint publications,sponsorship of meetings, and other forms ofinformation exchange. Appropriate cooperativeefforts will also be undertaken withnon-IEEE societies.IEEE Lasers and Electro-OpticsSociety NewsletterAdvertising Sales Offices445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08854www.ieee.org/ieeemediaImpact this hard-to-reach audience in their own Societypublication. For further information on product andrecruitment advertising, call your local sales office.MANAGEMENTJames A. VickStaff Director, AdvertisingPhone: 212-419-7767Fax: 212-419-7589jv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgSusan E. 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