Introduction-to-Statistics-and-Quantitative-Research-Methods

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Power• If findings are statistically significant, then conclusions can beeasily drawn, but what if findings are insignificant?• Power is the probability that a test or study will detect astatistically significant result.• Did the independent variables or treatment have zero effect?• If an effect really occurs, what is the chance that theexperiment will find a "statistically significant" result?
PowerDetermining power depends on several factors:• 1) Sample size: how big was your sample?• 2) Effect size: what size of an effect are you looking for? E.g.How large of a difference (association, correlation) are youlooking for? What would be the most scientifically interesting?• 3) Standard deviation: how scattered was your data?For example, a large sample, with a large effect, and a smallstandard deviation would be very likely to have found astatistically significant finding, if it existed.• A power of 80%-95% is desirable.• One of the best ways to increase the power of your study is toincrease your sample size.
Page 1 and 2: Introduction toStatistics andQuanti
Page 3 and 4: Statistics Defined• Statistics is
Page 6 and 7: Research Methods• Research is str
Page 8 and 9: Research begins when there is aques
Page 10 and 11: Variables• In research, the chara
Page 12 and 13: Types of Variables• Variables can
Page 14 and 15: ExampleA researcher wants to study
Page 16 and 17: 5 minute group exercise1) Researche
Page 18 and 19: Descriptive Statistics DefinedMeanW
Page 20 and 21: MedianA median is the middle of a d
Page 22 and 23: Skewed distributions• Normal dist
Page 24 and 25: Why square deviations?To calculate
Page 26 and 27: Normal Distribution• In a normal
Page 28 and 29: Inferential Statistics• Inferenti
Page 30 and 31: HypothesesNull hypothesis: A hypoth
Page 32 and 33: AlphaAlpha level, or significance l
Page 34 and 35: Beta• Beta is the probability of
Page 36 and 37: Statistical SignificanceWhat is sta
Page 38 and 39: What if there is an effect?• Odds
Page 42 and 43: Parametric vs. Non-ParametricSome A
Page 44 and 45: Non-Parametric Tests• Use when al
Page 46 and 47: Types of Analyses• Univariate ana
Page 48 and 49: Types of Analyses• Multivariate a
Page 50 and 51: Basic Research DesignSelecting the
Page 52 and 53: Examples of Tests• T-Test• Allo
Page 54 and 55: Examples of Tests• Correlation•
Page 56 and 57: What have you learned?1) Basic stat
Page 58 and 59: ResourcesGreat resources:• Statis

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