72 Multimed Tools Appl (2011) 53:53–73References1. Boykov YY, Jolly MP (2001) Interactive graph cuts for optimal boundary and region segmentation ofobjects in N-D <strong>image</strong>s. Proc Int Conf Comput Vis 2:105–1122. Cho SY, Chi Z (2005) Generic evolution processing of data structures for <strong>image</strong> classification. IEEETrans Knowl Data Eng 17(2):216–2313. Das M, Manmatha R, Riseman EM (1999) Indexing <strong>flower</strong> patent <strong>image</strong>s using domain knowledge.IEEE Intell Syst 14:24–334. Fukuda K, Takiguchi T, Ariki Y (2008) Multiple classifier based on fuzzy c-means for a <strong>flower</strong> <strong>image</strong>retrieval. In: Proc. Int. Workshop on Nonlinear Circuits and Signal Processing (NCSP’2008): 76–795. Goller C, Kuchler A (1996) Learning task-dependent distributed representations by back-propagationthrough structure. Proc IEEE Int Conf Neural Networks 1:347–3526. Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2002) Digital <strong>image</strong> processing, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River7. Hong A, Chen G, Li J, Chi Z, Zhang D (2004) A <strong>flower</strong> <strong>image</strong> retrieval method based on ROI feature.Journal of Zhejiang University (Science) 5(7):764–7728. Lowe D (2004) Distinctive <strong>image</strong> features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int J Comput Vis 60(2):91–1109. Mortensen EN, Barrett WA (1995) Intelligent scissors for <strong>image</strong> composition. In: Proc. ComputerGraphics (SIGGRAPH’95): 191–19810. Nilsback ME, Zisserman A (2006) A visual vocabulary for <strong>flower</strong> classification. Proc Comput VisPattern Recogn 2:1447–145411. Saitoh T, Kaneko T (2000) Automatic <strong>recognition</strong> of wild <strong>flower</strong>s. Proc Int Conf Pattern Recogn 2:507–51012. Saitoh T, Aoki K, Kaneko T (2003) Automatic extraction of object region from photographs. In: Proc.Scandinavian Conf. on Image <strong>An</strong>alysis: 1130–113713. Saitoh T, Aoki K, Kaneko T (2004) Automatic <strong>recognition</strong> of blooming <strong>flower</strong>s. Proc Int Conf PatternRecogn 1:27–3014. Swain MJ, Ballard DH (1991) Color indexing. Int J Comput Vis 7(1):11–3215. Varma M, Zisserman A (2002) Classifying <strong>image</strong>s of materials: achieving viewpoint and illuminationindependence. Proc Europ Conf Comput Vis 3:255–27116. Zou J, Nagy G (2004) Evaluation of model-based <strong>interactive</strong> <strong>flower</strong> <strong>recognition</strong>. Proc Int Conf PatternRecogn 2:311–314Tzu-Hsiang Hsu was born on Feb 7, 1984 in Taoyuan, Taiwan. She received the M.S. degree in MultimediaEngineering from National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan in 2008. She is currently an engineer ofthe software development department of ZyXEL, a network terminal product company. Her research interestsinclude <strong>image</strong> processing, pattern <strong>recognition</strong> and segmentation.
Multimed Tools Appl (2011) 53:53–73 73Chang-Hsing Lee was born on July 24, 1968 in Tainan, Taiwan. He received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees inComputer and Information Science from National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan in 1991 and1995, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science andInformation Engineering, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. His main research interests includeaudio/sound classification, multimedia information retrieval, and <strong>image</strong> processing.Ling-Hwei Chen received the B.S. degree in mathematics and the M.S. degree in applied mathematics fromNational Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan in 1975 and 1977, respectively, and the Ph.D. in computerengineering from National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan in 1987
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