SK Gupta* et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology

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S.K.Gupta* et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy&TechnologyPicrorrhizakurroraIndiangentian, kutkiScrophulariaceaeirridoid bittersubstances picroside,picroside and kutkosidevaluable bitter tonic,antiperiodic, febrifugeand stomachic andlaxative jaundicepotentialhapatoprotectantTable-2: Liver function tests (LFTS) for Hepatoprotective Activity.Type of EvaluationTestsAbnormalities of bile pigments and bile salts • Serum total direct and indirect bilirubin.excretion tests• Urine bile salts, bile pigments and urobilinogenSerum enzymes assays SGOT (AST )• SGPT (AST )• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and if necessary• γ – Glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT)• Other enzymesChanges in plasma protein testsThymol turbidity test.• Determination of total proteins, albumin globulinsTable-3: Various models for Hepatoprotective Activity.ModelsIn vitro methodDiscriptionHepatocytes are isolated by using in-situ under aseptic condition and placed in chilledHEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid).• These isolated hepatocytes than exposed to test samples and toxins like CCl4,thioacetamide, ethanol and paracetamol etc.• After a specified time period the degree of toxicity or protection is assessed by viabilitytests (Trypan blue dye exclusion method) and enzyme levels such as SGOT and SGPT.Ex vivo method• In this method after completion of preselected in vivo test protocol hepatocytes areisolated and the percentage of viable cells and biochemical parameters are determined asliver function tests.• These methods are somewhat better correlated to clinical models than in vitro or in vivomethods.These are of two types.In vivo method•Based on bile parameters• Based on serum parametersExperimental ratmodels• CCl4 model• Thioacetamide model• D-Galactosamine model• Paracetamol model• Chloroform model• Ethanol modelIJPT | March-2011 | Vol. 3 | Issue No.1 | 824-853 Page 849
S.K.Gupta* et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy&TechnologyREFERENCES:1. Davenport, H.W., N Engl J Med, 1967, 276, 1307–1312.2. Flemström, G., Turnberg, L. A., Gastroduodenal defence mechanisms. In: Isenberg JI, Johansson C, eds.Clinics in Gastroenterology, 13th edn. London, Philadelphia, Toronto: WB Saunders Company, 1984: 327–54.3. Grossman, M.I., Gastroenterology 1978, 75, 524–26.4. Prabha, T., Dorababu, M., Goel, S., Agarwal, P.K., Singh, A., Joshi, V.K. Goel, R.K., IJEB. 2009, 47/08,649-659.5. Marshall, B.J., Warren, J.R., Lancet 1984, 1, 1311–1315.6. http://www.zentiva.com/default.aspx/en/consumers/glossary/group-indication7. Blaser, M.J. “Gastroenterology”. 1987, vol.93: 317-83.8. Soll, A.H. and Berglindn, T. Physiology of isolated gastric glands and pareital cell; receptor and effectorsregulating function “Physiology of the gastro Intestinal Tract. 2 nd edition, 1987, 883-908.9. Laurance, D.R. and Benette, D.M. Gastro Intestinal System I : Stomach and Oesophagus, In : “ClinicalPharmacology”. 7 th edition, 1992, 517-24.10. Golan, D.E., Tashjian, A.H., Armstrong, E.J., Armstrong, A.W. (EDs.), Principles of Pharmacology ThePathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA 2008, pp. 811- 823.11. Goodman’s, Gillman’s In: The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10 th edition, 2001, 1005-1008.12. Madkarni, K.M. Indian materia medica. 1989, vol. I : 87-88.13. Sharma, P.V., Treatment of Parinamasula, in Cakradatta : A Treatise on principles and practices ofAyurvedic medicine. 1994, 249.14. Datta, G.K., Sairam, K., Priyambada, S., Debnath, P.K., Goel, R.K. Indian Journal of experimental Biology.2002, vol. 40:173-1177.15. Misra, B.S., Vaisya, R.L. Varanasy, Chaukhambha Sanskrit santhan. 1969, 605-606.IJPT | March-2011 | Vol. 3 | Issue No.1 | 824-853 Page 850
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