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1Development Tools1.1 The Development ToolchainTo develop a computer program there are three possible program types.• Interpreted ProgramsAn interpreted program file is compiled, i.e. translated, into machine code at run time. Thatmeans, that repeated statements are compiled not only ones. To execute a interpreted program 1 thesource code is interpreted, i.e. compiled, line by line by an interpreter. A very simple interpretedprogram is a batch statement in the console window. The Basic language originally was designedas an interpreted language. The MS-Dos of the first years was shipping a Basic interpretor asdevelopment tool. Today we know the Basic language as Visual Basic for Application mostlyfrom the MS software packages like MS Office.• Compiled ProgramsTo create a compiled program, also called executable, there are some steps necessary. Afterhaving created the source files with an editor each of this source files has to be compiled bythe so-called compiler into an object module. The object consists of binary native code, codewhich can be understood by the processor of the destination platform. Within a second step allobject modules and the the used libraries are linked to an executable by the so-called linker. Thelibraries, especially the system libraries, are used to access the system resources like keyboard,screen and discs. This code is part of the develop system and can be used in an own applicationby linking. If you are developing software for a windows system (MS-Window, X-Windows, etc.)in an additional last step system resources are linked to the executable by an resource linkder.Program languages which are used to build an native executable are for example FORTRAN, C,C++ 2 .• Programs running on virtual machinesLanguages which are designed for bytecode are compiled in an neutral format. This format is notdirectly running an the processor. The compiled module can be executed on a real processor usinga virtual machine, which translates the bytecode just in time before executing it. So bytecode may1 An interpreted program often is called script.2 The languages C and C++ are very important, because the operating systems Linux and Windows are written in C, newparts of Windows are written in C++ and C# too5
Page 6 Computer Languages for Engineering - SS 13often be either directly executed on a virtual machine (i.e. interpreter), or it may be further compiledinto machine code for better performance. Languages which are designed for the executionof bytecode are Java, Smalltalk, Python, Forth, TCL and C#.1.2 Some History1.2.1 MotivationTo understand the importance of the development of the FORTRAN language, the code for the calculationof the nth fibunacci number is given in machine and assembler code.The fibunacci number are defined as follows.f n = f n−1 + f n−2 for n > 2, with f 0 = 1 and f 1 = 1 (1.1)The implementation of the calculation of the nth fibunacci numberis given below in machine code1 8B542408 83FA0077 06B80000 0000C3832 FA027706 B8010000 00C353BB 010000003 B9010000 008D0419 83FA0376 078BD98B4 C84AEBF1 5BC3The implementation of the calculation of the nth fibunacci numberis given below in x86 assembler.1 fib:2 mov edx, [esp+8]3 cmp edx, 04 ja @f5 mov eax, 06 ret78 @@:9 cmp edx, 210 ja @f11 mov eax, 112 ret1314 @@:15 push ebx16 mov ebx, 117 mov ecx, 11819 @@:20 lea eax, [ebx+ecx]21 cmp edx, 322 jbe @f23 mov ebx, ecx24 mov ecx, eax25 dec edx26 jmp @b2728 @@:29 pop ebx30 retE. Baeck
Page 1: Computer Languages for EngineersBoo
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSPage v4.2.2 Memory Manager
Page 7 and 8: Page 2 Computer Languages for Engin
Page 12 and 13: 1.2. SOME HISTORY Page 71.2.2 FORTR
Page 14 and 15: 1.4. SOME FREE FORTRAN TOOLS Page 9
Page 16 and 17: 1.5. THE OPEN WATCOM DEVELOPMENT SU
Page 18 and 19: 1.7. THE G95 COMPILER Page 131.7 Th
Page 20 and 21: 1.8. THE CODE::BLOCKS IDE Page 15Fi
Page 22 and 23: 2FORTRAN BasicsThe description of F
Page 24 and 25: 2.3. CHARACTER SET Page 19Listing 2
Page 26 and 27: 2.5. DATA TYPES, VARIABLES AND CONS
Page 28 and 29: 2.5. DATA TYPES, VARIABLES AND CONS
Page 30 and 31: 2.6. OPERATORS Page 252.6.1 Unary O
Page 32 and 33: 2.7. FILE IO, SCREEN AND KEYBOARD P
Page 34 and 35: 2.8. LOOPS Page 292.7.5 Close a Fil
Page 36 and 37: 2.8. LOOPS Page 312.8.3 Quit a Cycl
Page 38 and 39: 2.8. LOOPS Page 332.8.5 Factorial i
Page 40 and 41: 2.9. BRANCHING Page 35Figure 2.3: F
Page 42 and 43: 2.9. BRANCHING Page 3711 c input pa
Page 44 and 45: 2.9. BRANCHING Page 3917 p = 1.d-15
Page 46 and 47: 2.10. SUBROUTINES AND FUNCTIONS Pag
Page 48 and 49: 2.11. ARRAYS Page 432.11.2 Dynamica
Page 50 and 51: 2.11. ARRAYS Page 4575 write(*,*)
Page 52 and 53: 2.11. ARRAYS Page 47187188 ! exampl
Page 54 and 55: 2.12. GLOBAL DATA Page 492.12 Globa
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Page 58 and 59: 3Some Examples3.1 Hello WorldOne fa
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3.4. RELATIVE PRECISION WITH FUNCTI
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3.5. NEWTON’S ALGORITHM TO CALCUL
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3.6. MATRIX PRODUCT WITH 77-MAIN AN
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3.6. MATRIX PRODUCT WITH 77-MAIN AN
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4Linear Algebra, Vectors and Matric
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 71The su
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 734.1.3
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 7535 if
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 77Listin
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 79Theref
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 8376 c w
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4.1. HELPER FUNCTIONS Page 87Like i
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 894.2
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 9147 n
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 9334 c
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 954.2.
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 9785 e
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 99List
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 101Fig
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 103The
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4.2. GAUSS-LU-ALGORITHM Page 105Fig
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Part IIC/C++107
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Page 110 Computer Languages for Eng
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Appendix AThe Console’s FriendsIf
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A.1. DIRECTORY COMMANDS Page 169SUB
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A.2. FILE COMMANDS Page 171A.2 File
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Appendix BCode::Blocks’s first Pr
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Page 175Figure B.3: Setup the Proje
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Page 17710. Overwrite the Module So
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Page 179Figure B.10: Select the Con
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Appendix CSome TheoryC.1 Section Pr
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C.1. SECTION PROPERTIES Page 183Thu
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Bibliography[1] Photo: Lawrence Liv
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INDEX Page 187fixed format, 18float
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