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Cover designed by Todd VincentDisclaimer:The views expressed in articles by external contributors do not necessarily reflect the positions and policies of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission.The boundaries and presentation of material on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Provisional Technical Secretariatconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Inside this issueE d i to r i a lCTBTO Executive Secretary Tibor Tóth....................................................................................................... 2G l o b a l stat u s of signat u r e s and rat i f i c at i o n s .................................................................................... 3I n the spotlightThe Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: The Way ForwardInterview with President Oscar Arias of Costa Rica...................................................................................................... 4V o i c e sNuclear Testing: A Bygone Eraby IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei............................................................................................................ 7C o v e r Sto ryNuclear Dangers: The Race between Cooperation and Catastropheby Senator Sam Nunn................................................................................................................................................... 8F e at u r e A rt i c l eNuclear Weapons: An Existential Threat to Humanityby Ambassadors Max M. Kampelman and Thomas Graham, Jr......................................................................................10P e r s p e c t i v e sThe Enduring Value of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treatyand New Prospects for Entry Into Forceby Daryl G. Kimball....................................................................................................................................................12V e r i f i c at i o n scienceLooking for the nuclear needle in the haystack: The Integrated Field Exercise 08 in Kazakhstanby Kirsten Haupt and Thomas Mützelburg....................................................................................................................14S tat u s of cert i f i e d IMS fa c i l i t i e s ......................................................................................................................17V e r i f i c at i o n highlightsBuilding monitoring facilities in the coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth: Antarcticaby Denise Brettschneider.............................................................................................................................................18S e c r e ta r i at snapshotsA Global Scientific Endeavour: The International Scientific Studies Projectby Yvonne Yew ............................................................................................................................................................22V e r i f i c at i o n science and potential civil applicat i o n sThe importance of Atmospheric Transport Modelling:Over ten years of cooperation between the World Meteorological Organization and the CTBTOby Peter Chen, Gerhard Wotawa and Andreas Becker...................................................................................................24Who we areThe Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions on Earth. It opened forsignature on 24 September 1996 in New York. The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization(CTBTO) consists of the States Signatories and the Provisional Technical Secretariat. The main tasksof the CTBTO are to promote signatures and ratifications and to establish a global verification regimecapable of detecting nuclear explosions underground, underwater and in the atmosphere. The regimemust be operational when the Treaty enters into force. It consists of 337 monitoring facilities supportedby an International Data Centre and on-site inspection measures.C T B T O S p e c t r u m 1 1 | S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 8Pa g e
Page 4 and 5: EditorialIn March 1963,President Jo
Page 6 and 7: In the spotlightThe Comprehensive N
Page 9 and 10: VoicesNuclear Testing: A Bygone Era
Page 11 and 12: “But we will be safer, and the wo
Page 13 and 14: CTBT rejection contrary towishes of
Page 15 and 16: and ratified the CTBT or agreed to
Page 17 and 18: “What counts isto show the worldt
Page 19 and 20: Status of certified IMS facilities2
Page 21 and 22: in Antarctica: eight seismic, infra
Page 23 and 24: Re-attaching wind noise reduction p
Page 25 and 26: importance. Through the ISS project
Page 27 and 28: S u r f a c e g r o u n d d e p o s
Page 29 and 30: Cover storyThe Race between Coopera
Page 31 and 32: Editor-in-Chief:Annika Thunborg, Sp

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