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De los Reyes JB, Cabunagan, RC, Coloquio E, Azzam O. 1998. Genetic variation of rice tungrobacilliform virus in four tungro-outbreak provinces in the Philippines. A poster presentedat the Workshop on Rice Tungro Disease Management, 9–11 November 1998. InternationalRice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna.Department of Agriculture (DA). 1996. Grains production enhancement program (GPEP). 12steps in rice production. PhilRice, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija and Information Division. DA,Quezon City. p 44.Hibino H, Roechan M, Sudarisman S. 1978. Association of two types of virus particles withpenyakit habang (tungro disease) of rice in Indonesia. Phytopathology 68:1412–1416.Hibino H, Tiongco ER, Cabunagan RC, Flores ZM. 1987. Resistance to rice tungro-associatedviruses in rice under experimental and natural conditions. Phytopathology 77:871–975.Hibino H, Ishikawa K, Omura T, Cabauatan PQ, Koganezawa H. 1991. Characteritation ofice tungro bacilliform and spherical viruses. Phytopathology 81:1130–1131.Javier LC. 1999. Gintong Ani Program: Rice Research and Development Component TechnologsDemonstration Project, Protocol 1998–99. PhilRice report (unpublished). p 80.Khush GS. 1977. Disease and insect resistance in rice. .Adv. .Agron. 29:265–341.Khush GS. 1989. Multiple disease and insect resistance for increased yield stability in rice. In:Russel IGE, editor. Progress in plant breeding. Oxford (England): Blackwell ScientificPublications. p 239–279.Macasieb ZC, Serrano SR, Malabanan FM, Javier LC, Rebuelta PI, Lara RJ, Justo HJ, FranciscoSR, 1996. Gintong ani rice technology demonstration. Philippine Rice Research andDevelopment highlights. Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines): PhilRice. p 198–199.Obenita AC. 1998. Office of Provincial Agriculturist. Pest and disease monitor in DA Bukidnon.Valencia. Bukidnon.Padolina TF. 1995. New approved rice varieties. In: Plenary paper presented during the 9thNational Rice R & D Review and Planning Workshop, 1–3 March 1995, PhilRice, Maligaya,Muñoz, Nueva Ecija.Rola AC, Provido ZS, Olanday MO, Paraguas FJ, Sirue AS, Espadon MA, Hupeda SP. 1998.Making farmers better decision-makers through the Farmer Field School. Technical Bulletin.SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture. 28 p.Savary SO, Fabellar N, Tiongco ER, Teng PS. 1993. A characterization of rice tungro epidemicsin the Philippines from historical survey data. Plant Dis. 77:376–382.Serrano FB. 1957. Rice accep na pula or stunt disease-severe menace to the Philippine riceindustry. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 86:203–323.Tiongco ER, Chancellor TCB, Villareal S, Magbanua MGM, Teng PS. 1998. Roguing as atactical control for rice tungro virus disease. J. Plant Prot. Trops. 11:45–52.Villegas LC, Drura A, Bajet NB, Hull R. 1997. Genetic variation of rice tungro bacilliformvirus in the Philippines. Virus Genes 15(3):195–201Warburton H, Palis F, Villareal S. 1997. Farmers’ perception of rice tungro disease in the Philippines.In: Heong KL, Escalada MM, editors. Pest management of rice farmers in Asia.Manila (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. p 1–19.Warburton H. Palis F, Villareal S, Pingali PL. 1996. Socioeconomic studies on rice tungrodisease. In: Chancellor TCB, Teng PS, Heong KL. editors. Rice tungro disease epidemiologyand vector ecology. IRRI-NRI Collaborative Project. Phase I. 1990–95. p 100–103.Yambao Ma. LM. Muhsin M, Cabauatan PQ, Azzam O. 1997. Molecular characterization oftwo rice tungro spherical virus strains and their distribution in Philippines and Indonesia.Abstract submitted to the General Meeting of The International Program on Rice Biotechnology,15–19 September 1997, Malacca. Malaysia.Rice tungro disease 9
NotesAuthors’ addresses: X.H. Truong, E.R. Tiongco, E.H. Batay-an. S.C. Mancao, Philippine RiceResearch Institute (PhilRice), Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3119; M.J.C. Du, BoholAgricultural Promotion Center/Bohol Integrated Agriculture Promotion Project, Dao District,Tagbilaran City, Bohol 6300; N.A. Juguan, Office of The Provincial Agriculturist,Province of Negros Occidental, Philippines.Citation: Chancellor TCB, Azzam O, Heong KL, editors. 1999. Rice tungro disease management.Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tungro Disease Management, 9-11November 1998, IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines. Makati City (Philippines): InternationalRice Research Institute. 166 p.10 Truong et al
Page 2 and 3: RiceTungro DiseaseManagementEdited
Page 4 and 5: ContentsRice tungro disease in the
Page 6 and 7: ForewordThe intensification of rice
Page 8 and 9: PrefaceProviding farmers with optio
Page 10 and 11: Rice tungro disease in the Philippi
Page 12 and 13: Cotabato, and Laguna) during 1995-9
Page 14 and 15: seed growers and farmers to increas
Page 16 and 17: Fig. 2. Incidence of rice tungro di
Page 20 and 21: Preliminary analysis of genetic var
Page 22 and 23: Fig. 2. Distinct rice tungro bacill
Page 24 and 25: Fig. 4. Dendogram depicting the rel
Page 26 and 27: Preliminary analysis of genetic var
Page 28 and 29: Table 1. Size characteristics of th
Page 30 and 31: varieties and did not seem to exert
Page 32 and 33: Developing breeding lines with RTD
Page 34 and 35: In CES, 28 entries had low tungro i
Page 36 and 37: Table 2. Best rice tungro disease-r
Page 38 and 39: Breeding for rice tungro virus resi
Page 40 and 41: Table 2. Promising lines resistant
Page 42 and 43: Table 4. Rice cultivars used as hyb
Page 44 and 45: Shahjahan MB, Jalani S, Zakri AH, I
Page 46 and 47: Table 1. Initial 19 transgenic line
Page 48 and 49: Table 4. Percent infection of trans
Page 50 and 51: very low level. In fact, transgene
Page 52 and 53: of Agricultural Research (ICAR). Pr
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 2. Mean infection with rice tu
Page 56 and 57: (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical vi
Page 58 and 59: Table 4. Percent infection a with r
Page 60 and 61: GLH numbers were much lower on IR62
Page 62 and 63: Cabunagan RC, Hibino H, Sama S, Riz
Page 64 and 65: Prospects of virus-resistant variet
Page 66 and 67: Tungro in Bali (1987-97)Tungro infe
Page 68 and 69:
Fig. 5. Proportion of varieties gro
Page 70 and 71:
Table 3. Percent incidence of rice
Page 72 and 73:
Evaluating rice germplasm for resis
Page 74 and 75:
Table 2. Percent infection a with r
Page 76 and 77:
Rice tungro disease resistance andm
Page 78 and 79:
Table 1. Percent infection a with r
Page 80 and 81:
ecommended vector-resistant variety
Page 82 and 83:
Materials and methodsBatches of ant
Page 84 and 85:
ReferencesClark MF, Adams AN. 1977.
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(e.g., Sokal and Rohlf 1995, p 213;
Page 88 and 89:
Surveillance scheme for tungro fore
Page 90 and 91:
entrusted with implementing the pro
Page 92 and 93:
Table 1. Number of mobile nursery t
Page 94 and 95:
are implemented immediately. The co
Page 96 and 97:
Farmers’ rice tungro managementpr
Page 98 and 99:
Experience with tungroAlthough both
Page 100 and 101:
Table 5. Farmers (%) reporting tung
Page 102 and 103:
Table 7. Farmers’ reported tungro
Page 104 and 105:
Table 9. Mean number (standard devi
Page 106 and 107:
than rice), so they may be reluctan
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Community-based rice pest managemen
Page 110 and 111:
Establishment of farmers’ indigen
Page 112 and 113:
Meanwhile, insects, diseases, and n
Page 114 and 115:
Table 2. Most important diseases fo
Page 116 and 117:
Farmers’ knowledge of pest contro
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ha -1 and above) had a lower RTD in
Page 120 and 121:
Fig. 4. Three major peaks of green
Page 122 and 123:
RBB hill -1 and 4% WSB (Fig. 6). In
Page 124 and 125:
The influence of varietal resistanc
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Limited data exist on how resistant
Page 128 and 129:
tember plantings, reaching 13% and
Page 130 and 131:
Holt J, Chancellor TCB, Reynolds DR
Page 132 and 133:
glh4, respectively. Planting at the
Page 134 and 135:
Results and discussionMinimum unit
Page 136 and 137:
Fig. 4. Transmission efficiency of
Page 138 and 139:
Table 1. Enzyme-linked immunosorben
Page 140 and 141:
Leafhopper control by insecticides
Page 142 and 143:
Fig. 1. Cartoon used for tungro man
Page 144 and 145:
The role of vector control in rice
Page 146 and 147:
To establish relationships between
Page 148 and 149:
Fig. 1. Influence of antifeedants o
Page 150 and 151:
Fig. 4. Tungro incidence before har
Page 152 and 153:
ReferencesAryawan IGN, Widiarta IN,
Page 154 and 155:
Materials and methodsSeedbed protec
Page 156 and 157:
Table 2. Relationship of RTD incide
Page 158 and 159:
Management of rice tungro disease b
Page 160 and 161:
Results and discussionGLH populatio
Page 162 and 163:
Table 4. Field evaluation of foliar
Page 164 and 165:
3.6 to 2.7 t ha -1 . These yields w
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