Amit Bhatt, Prerna Mehta, Sarika Panda - Intbau

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2.6. Social InfrastructureDelhi has a literacy rate of 82, which is much higher than those of its neighboring states(Table 5). The Socio – Economic Profile of Delhi (2004-2005) reveals that during the year2004-05, Delhi had 4879 schools with 93129 teachers involving a total enrollment of 30.22lakhs students.Table 5: Comparative Evaluation of Literacy Rates of Delhi and Neighboring StatesSl. No. States Literacy Rate (2001)1 Delhi 822 Uttar Pradesh 563 Haryana 684 Bihar 475 Rajasthan 606 Punjab 70Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2004-2005The health facilities offered in Delhi is much better than that in the rest of the country, whichis clear from the infant mortality rate with was 30 per thousand population in 2002, while thesaid figure was 68 per thousand population at national level (Table 6). The per capitaexpenditure on health in Delhi was 484.98 in 2003-04 while the per capita expenditure onhealth during the said period at national level was 214.62 (Table 7).Table 6: Infant Mortality Rate (Per Thousand) in Delhi and All India LevelYear All India Delhi2000 68.00 23.292001 66.00 24.492002 68.00 30.00Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2004-2005Table 7: Per capita Expenditure on Health in Delhi and All India LevelYear All India Delhi2001-02 137.51 409.192002-03 150.19 459.272003-04 214.62 4 84.98Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2004-2005In terms of facilities available to the household, it is seen that in 2001, about 93% of thehousehold had electric connection as compared to 79% in the year 1991 (Table 8). About 785of the households had access to toilet facilities in 2001 as compared to 64% in 1991. About75% of the household has access to piped water supply whereas 68% of the household hadcooking gas as fuel for cooking in 2001 as compared to 46% in the year 1991.Table 8: Facilities Available to Households in DelhiSl. ItemHouseholdsHouseholdsNo.1991 %Age of TotalHousehold2001 %age of TotalHousehold1 Electricity available 1,479,620 79.48 2,371,811 92.862 Toilet facility available 1,179,797 63.63 1,991,209 77.966
3 Piped water supply 1,409,730 75.72 1,924,140 75.334 Fuel for Cooking (Cooking 865,072 46.47 1,737,730 68.03Gas)Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2004-20053. TransformationsOver the years, transformations in urban areas have taken place in varied forms, includingthose pertaining to size of form, landuse, encroachments, structure heights, floor areacoverage in other words illegal constructions etc. This has also occurred in the formaldevelopments of the city very much outside the legal framework. Though, the growth maynot be in accordance with the planning norms of the city, but its very existence highlights itsmagnitude. Some of the key transformations occurring in urban areas in general and Delhi inparticular are summarized in subsequent paragraphs.3.1. Types of Transformations3.1.1. Use affiliationThis is a type of transformation that pertains to extent and nature of non-residential use inresidential areas and of other uses in areas meant for open spaces. This phenomenon is veryevident along the main transport routes and in the developments with smaller plot sizes/dwelling units. In other words it can be stated as invasion of stronger land use over weaker interms of prevailing demand, which is acting as an impetus for growth of a particular land use.For example at several places in Delhi, the residential buildings along the road or streets neara planned market or business areas are converted to commercial spaces, open areas are beingencroached upon for houses, shops etc. The prime reason of this type of transformation ispressure exerted by economic forces, where in the importance of economics prevails over thatof habitation.3.1.2. Built FormThe transformation is in terms of extent of consolidation, horizontal coverage,encroachments, condition of structures, streetscapes. To fulfill there need of space peopletend to increase the covered area of the plot. There are encroachments on the common openspaces or the road to accommodate their things. The dwelling units are converted tocommercial area for retail shops etc. and the residential activity is accommodated on theadditional floor which contributed to the height transformation occurring in the planneddevelopments. This type of informality is seen in formal settlements having very small areasof dwelling units which with passing time becomes difficult to manage with. Social pressureis the main reasons for this type of transformation where an increasing population needs to beaccommodated in the limited planned space.3.1.3. Time AffiliationThis type of transformation pertains to the changes that happen over a period of time. Interms of time relationship, the informal growth may be of temporary nature (which havebecome permanent over time), permanent nature or appearing before its envisaged time. Forexample, increasing area use by periodic markets, roadside petty sales, ‘teh bazari’ getsconverted into permanent markets etc. The permanent nature of informality refers to the7
Page 1 and 2: TRANSFORMATIONS DUE TO SOCIO - ECON
Page 3 and 4: 1951 17.44 6.631961 26.59 4.311971
Page 5: Product (SDP) comes from a strong a
Page 9 and 10: the area. The shortage of quality s
Page 12 and 13: Apart form the above motioned trans
Page 14 and 15: Over the years due to the changing
Page 16 and 17: 6. Conclusion and RecommendationIt
Page 18: 21. Khurmi M. Singh, 1999, “Devia

Amit Bhatt, Prerna Mehta, Sarika Panda - Intbau

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