BABYLON AND PERSIA

442MEDIA, BABYLON, AND PERSIA.Kshatrapa, see Satrap.Kurash, see Kyros.Kurush, see Kyros.Kyaxares, king of Media, founderof the Median Empire, declaresw^ar against Lydia, 219 ;makespeace, and marries his son As¬tyages to Aryenis, daughter ofAlyattes of Lydia, 221 ; diesKyme, an Ionian city in AsiaMinor, 201, 20S.Kyros I., son of Teispes, andking of Anshan, 2S0.Kyros II., the Great (Kurush inPersian, Kurash in Assyrian,Koresh in Hebrew), king ofgenerous treatment of Kroisos,315 ; his first unsuccessful at¬tempt against Babylon, 323 ;called by the priesthood ofBabylon, 325 ; enters Babylon,. 328 ; delivers the Jews, 330 ;honors "V'ahveh and Marduk, yetremains a Mazdayasnian him¬self, 330-331 ; unce'rt£iinty abouthis death, 331 ; his noble char¬acter, 332 ; his race undoubted_ly and purely Aryan, 332, noteKyros, river, see Pulwar.L.Labashi-Marduk, son and suc¬cessor of Nergal-shar-uzzur, 320.Lacedcemon, see Sparta.Languages, of ancient Persia(Avestan and Pehlevi), 20-22 ;of Asia Minor, iq6 :of Susianaor Elam, 278 ; of the un-AryanPersian inscriptions, 286.Lenormant, Franjois, on the in¬vention of coining, on the in¬vention of cheques and drafts248-250. 'Lycia, a country of Asia Minor,rock tombs in, igo-ig3 ,' sub¬mits to Kyros, 317.Lydia, its last royal dynasty, theMermnadEE, 188, 189 ; tombs in190.Lyon, Dr. D. G., assyriologist, on"Tablets of Precedents," 2S';note.Anshan and Persia, proclama¬Ma, a Hittite nature-goddess, hertion of, 282; his conquest oftemple at Komana, 201.Media, on the cylinders, 289 ;Masander, a river in Asia Minorfrom Herodotus. 290 ; fabulous207.legend of his birth and youth,291-293 ; subdues Eastern Eran,Magi, the Median priests, 14S ; aseparate Median tribe, 268 ;296, 297 ; favors the Persians,probably originally un-Aryan,'297 ; and next to them the269, 270 ; substituted to theMedes, 29S ; builds at Pasar¬gada;, 300 ; conquers Lydia andAthravans, 271 ; their politi¬captures Kroisos, 310-312 ; hiscal independence and power272.M.Mandane, supposed daughter ofAstyages, and mother of Kyrosthe Great, 291.Mantra (sacred text, Sanskrit), itspower, 49.Manthras, or sacredtexts, whenrecited, 30 ; used for conjuring,49 ; their efiicacy, 86 ; againstsickness, 138.Maraphians, one of the threenoblest Persian tribes, 278Marathon, battle of, 432.Maspii, one of the three noblestPersian tribes, 278.Massagette, a barbarous people bythe Sea of Aral, 331.Mazda, see Ahura-Mazda.Mazdayasnians, meaning of theword, 95.Mazdeism, the religion of Zoroas¬ter, essence of, 102-104.Medes (iMadai), under Assyrian