Health and Disability Commissionerrequirement for registration and has been part of RN practice standards since 2004 (Lesa andDixon, 2007). It is within the Domain Two competencies, Management of Nursing Care.Lesa and Dixon (2007) in writing about physical assessment in nursing practice, note―However, is not without its tensions as there is a large nursing workforce who did not learnphysical assessment as part of their RN preparation, resulting in nursing students and newgraduate nurses practicing in an environment that does not yet promote nurses using physicalassessment (Milligan & Neville 2001). This gap has been acknowledged by the professionand courses are available for RNs to bring their physical assessment skills up to the standardof a present RN graduate‖ (p.166).[The bureau nurse] entered practice at <strong>North</strong> <strong>Shore</strong> <strong>Hospital</strong> a year earlier and competencewould be expected to have been assessed on orientation. If not met, remedial education wouldbe expected to be arranged so that competence could be demonstrated. The nurse <strong>report</strong>ed shehad one day‘s orientation on taking up her position. The organisation would not meet theHealth and Disability Sector Standard (NZS 8134: 2001) 2.7, requires consumers/kiritaki toreceive timely, appropriate and safe service from sufficient suitably qualified/skilled/ and orexperienced service providers, and criteria 2.7.3 requires the appropriate allocation of suitablyqualified/skilled and/or experienced service providers to meet the needs of consumers/ kiritakiin a competent, safe and timely manner.Waitemata DHB provides placements for undergraduate nursing students and its nursing staffwould be expected to model professional practice and to coach contemporary practice tostudents.[Mrs C][Mrs C] was admitted to <strong>North</strong> <strong>Shore</strong> <strong>Hospital</strong> ECC on 25 September 2007 by her GP, forassessment and treatment for fluid retention and an erratic pulse. She was transferred to amedical ward, ward 10 where she continued to deteriorate. The complaint raises concerns that[Mrs C‘s] vital signs were not adequately assessed, she had a reaction to medication that wasunrecognised by staff, and the seriousness of her condition was not communicated to herfamily. [Mrs C] was found unresponsive at 12.20am on 27 September 2007 and death waspronounced.My instructions were to comment on the standard of care provided to [Mrs C] by ward 10<strong>North</strong> <strong>Shore</strong> <strong>Hospital</strong>, to explain what standards apply and whether they were complied with,and to include comment on:a) the appropriateness of the nursing observationsb) the adequacy of nursing documentationc) the appropriateness of the information sharing and communication with [Mrs C‘s]family.Supporting information assisting in the provision of this <strong>report</strong>General practitioner referralSt John <strong>report</strong> formNSH Fax Handover FormPatient Registration FormECC Assessment pages 1–6Admission and Discharge Planner pages 1–12Observation Chart and <strong>North</strong> <strong>Shore</strong> Early Warning System (NEWS) pages 1–4Medicines chart pages 1–5Fluid Balance (2 charts)Clinical NotesComplaint to HDC by [Mrs C‘s] daughter dated October 200784April 2009
Opinion 07HDC21742Complaint Action form by [Mrs C‘s] daughterInterview notes [Registered nurse]Interview notes [Registered Nurse]Interview notes [Medical registrar]General Manager [Adult Services] letter to Complaints Manager 15 November 2007.Appropriateness of Nursing ObservationsOver the stay, [Mrs C‘s] observations were recorded TDS [three times daily] and the findingswere similar, with the blood pressure between 110–120/7550, pulse 8598, respiratory rate2024 indicating continuing dyspnoea, O 2 saturation 9097% on oxygen at 2 l/min, and apain score 0–1/10. On 26 September , [a] Nurse noted [Mrs C‘s] O 2 saturation dropped withoutO 2 therapy. The nurse on the afternoon shift of the 26 September <strong>report</strong>ed [Mrs C] was shortof breath. Oxygen remained on at 2–3 l/min throughout her stay. She had continued dyspnoea,tiredness and lethargy. Oxygen was prescribed, administered and its effect monitored.The effect of the diuretic treatment for heart failure was monitored by fluid balance chart anda good response was noted following the IV 80mgs frusemide at 9.50pm on 25 September inthe ECC. On the 26 September [Mrs C] had IV 40 mg at 7am and 40 mg oral at 2pm, with aurine output of 2170mls for the 24 hours.On 27 September the urine output was 780mls with an input of 500mls. The nurses on bothAM and PMs underlined the urine output in the clinical notes. On that same morning AMround the doctor noted basal crackles and a JVP + 4 cm, with decreased pedal oedema.[Mrs C‘s] respiratory rate triggered a NEWS score of 1 throughout her stay, which accordingto Waitemata NEWS procedure required the nurse to inform the nurse co-ordinator in chargeof the ward and to record the observations two hourly to monitor the patient‘s condition. Theeight sets of observations recorded in the 49 hours of [Mrs C‘s] inpatient admission allequalled a NEWS score of 1. The score of 1 referral policy was followed once, withobservations recorded two hourly after a set. At interview [an RN] indicated the NEWSprocess was a guide for when to call a doctor for nursing staff. [She] <strong>report</strong>ed ―that, given theNEWS score of 1, four hour observations were appropriate. This was fairly standard in herward.‖ This is contrary to the NEWS process that, with a score of 1, requires the nurse to―inform nurse co-ordinator‖ and to ―Increase frequency of observations to two hourly‖ toestablish a trend. There was a facility through the Critical Care Outreach Service for patientswho trigger the NEWS system regularly, or have high scores, to be reviewed. This facilitywas not used in [Mrs C‘s] case.The Waitemata DHB policy document on the <strong>North</strong> <strong>Shore</strong> Early Warning System states quiteclearly, the purpose of the ―track and trigger system is to identify the acutely ill adult at riskof deteriorating and relies on accurate recording of simple physiological variable‖. Therationale for its introduction was the increased acuity of patients in wards and ―to improverecognition and quality of care that acutely ill patients receive‖. The policy goes on to say―The total NEWS score and subsequent trending of this, through the regular recording ofobservations, provides a clear overview of the patient‘s physiological condition … Employeesof the Waitemata District Health Board who breach the Policy may be subject to performancereview, disciplinary action or compulsory retraining.‖The performance level in regards to the NEWS procedure does not meet the <strong>New</strong> <strong>Zealand</strong>Nursing Council of <strong>New</strong> <strong>Zealand</strong> 2005 competency ―1.1 Accepts responsibility for ensuringthat his/her nursing practice and conduct meet the standards of the professional, ethical andrelevant legislated requirements with Indicator: Practises nursing in accord with relevantlegislation/codes/policies and upholds client rights derived from that legislation.‖ Given thereason for implementing the NEWS score was to aid nurses‘ decision-making, its lack ofsystematic use would meet with severe disapproval within the nursing profession.April 2009 85